How does soil stratification impact the design and implementation of foundation engineering practices?

Soil stratification refers to the different layers of soil, each with its unique characteristics and properties. In foundation engineering, the understanding of soil stratification is crucial as it directly influences decisions on the type and depth of foundations. Stratification can impact the load-bearing capacity of the soil, the settlement behaviour, and the overall stability of the structure.

For example, a site with a top layer of soft clay over a layer of dense sand may require deep foundations, such as piles, to transfer loads through the weak layer to the stronger layer below. Alternatively, on a site with uniform soil conditions, shallow foundations might be sufficient.

Moreover, engineers conduct soil tests and analyses, such as Standard Penetration Tests (SPT), to characterize the stratification and inform their design choices. Knowledge of soil layers aids in predicting potential differential settlement and designing measures to mitigate any related risks.

For more detailed information, it is advisable to examine the relevant chapters in foundation engineering textbooks or consult geotechnical standards such as the ASTM D1586-11 (Standard Test Method for Standard Penetration Test (SPT) and Split-Barrel Sampling of Soils).