McqMate
| 401. |
Who is commonly known as the Iron Man? |
| A. | Sardar Vallabh Bhai Patel |
| B. | Bal Gangadhar Tilak |
| C. | Vittal Bhai Patel |
| D. | Bipin Chandra Pal |
| Answer» A. Sardar Vallabh Bhai Patel | |
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Explanation: Sardar Vallabhbhai Jhaverbhai Patel was known the "Iron Man of India" or "Bismarck of India." He showed exemplary statesmanship in the integratiorn of princely states with the Union of India. |
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| 402. |
Gandhiji withdraw the Non Cooperation Movement due to - |
| A. | Chauri-Chaura Incident |
| B. | Champaran Movement |
| C. | Kakori Conspiracy |
| D. | Bardoli Movement |
| Answer» A. Chauri-Chaura Incident | |
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Explanation: The Non-Cooperation Movement was withdrawn by Gandhiji due to violence in the Chauri Chaura incident. The incident involved the setting on fire of a police chowki (station) by a mob of angry citizens in 1922 which killed 22 policemen inside. |
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| 403. |
Who was the founder of Satya Shodak Sabha in Maharashtra? |
| A. | Dr. Baba Saheb Ambedkar |
| B. | Dr. Atmaram Pandurang |
| C. | Gopal Baba Wala |
| D. | Jyothiba Phule |
| Answer» D. Jyothiba Phule | |
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Explanation: In September 1873, Jyotirao Phule formed the Satyashodhak Samaj (Society of Seekers of Truth) to attain equal rights for peasants and the lower caste and his contributions to the field of education. Phule is regarded as an important figure of the Social Reform Movement in Maharashtra. |
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| 404. |
Cripps Mission came to India in - |
| A. | 1946 |
| B. | 1945 |
| C. | 1942 |
| D. | 1940 |
| Answer» C. 1942 | |
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Explanation: The Cripps mission was an attempt in late March 1942 by the British government to secure full Indian cooperation and support for their efforts in World War II. The mission was headed by Sir Stafford Cripps, a senior left-wing politician and government minister in the War Cabinet of Prime Minister Winston Churchill. |
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| 405. |
The India Independence Bill was first presented in the House of Commons in London on: |
| A. | August 10, 1947 |
| B. | August 1, 1947 |
| C. | July 14, 1947 |
| D. | July 4, 1947 |
| Answer» D. July 4, 1947 | |
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Explanation: The Indian Independence Bill was presented in the House of Commons at 12:00 am on 4th July 1947. It received the royal assent on 18 July 1947. Viceroy Lord Mountbattenpersonally piloted the Bill through every stage of the House of the Commons until it became a law. |
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| 406. |
Who established the Sadr-Diwani- Adalat during the British East India Company's rule? |
| A. | Wellesley |
| B. | Warren Hastings |
| C. | Dalhousie |
| D. | Cornwallis |
| Answer» B. Warren Hastings | |
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Explanation: The Sadr Diwani Adalat was the Supreme Court of Revenue that was established at Calcutta by Warren Hastings in 1772. The court's judges were the Governor General and Council Members of the East India Company, assisted by native judges and officers of revenue |
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| 407. |
Who was the founder of the Indian Reform Association in 1870? |
| A. | Debendranath Tagore |
| B. | Keshub Chandra Sen |
| C. | Rammohan Roy |
| D. | Dayanand Saraswati |
| Answer» B. Keshub Chandra Sen | |
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Explanation: The Indian Reform Association was formed on 29 October 1870 with Keshub Chandra Sen as President. It represented the secular side of the Brahmo Samaj and included many who did not belong to the Brahmo Samaj. |
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| 408. |
Who was the founder of the Theosophical society of India? |
| A. | Annie Besant |
| B. | Womesh Chandra Bannerjee |
| C. | Ram Prasad Bismil |
| D. | Subhash Chandra Bose |
| Answer» A. Annie Besant | |
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Explanation: The Theosophical Society was first founded by a Russian lady, Madam H.P. Blavatsky and a former English army officer, Colonel H. S. Olcott in the United States of America in 1875. Under their inspiration, the Theosophical Society of India came into being at Adyar in Madras in 1886. |
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| 409. |
Who was the first Indian to be elected as the leader of the Communist International? |
| A. | Jawaharlal Nehru |
| B. | PC. Joshi |
| C. | Sardar Vallabhai Patel |
| D. | M.N Roy |
| Answer» D. M.N Roy | |
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Explanation: M. N. Roy was a communist leader who was elected a full member of the Communist International in 1924, becoming the first Indian to achieve this honour was in charge of organizing the communist movement in Asia, including China. Roy also attempted to develop the revolutionary movement in India. |
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| 410. |
The Cabinet Mission' of 1946 was led by - |
| A. | Lord Linlithgow |
| B. | Lord Mountbatten |
| C. | Sir Pethic Lawrence |
| D. | Sir Mountford |
| Answer» C. Sir Pethic Lawrence | |
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Explanation: The Cabinet Mission that came to India on 24 March, 1946 was led by Sir Pethick Lawrence, Secretary of State for India. It also consisted of Sir Stafford Cripps. President of the Board of Trade and Alexander the First Lord of the Admiralty. It was formulated at the initiative of Clement Attlee, the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom. |
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| 411. |
The quintessence of Gandhian thought is: |
| A. | Satyagraha |
| B. | Metaphysics |
| C. | E. Jones |
| D. | Moksha |
| Answer» C. E. Jones | |
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Explanation: According to Stanley E. Jones, Satyagraha is the totality or quintessence of Gandhian thoughts. Through it, Gandhi introduced a new spirit to the world - the philosophy of devotion to truth, remaining firm on the truth and resisting untruth actively but nonviolently. It is the greatest of all Gandhi's contribution to the world. |
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| 412. |
I which pact, warm relations were established between "Garam dal' and "Naram dal", the two groups of the Indian National Congress? |
| A. | Gandhi-Irwin Pact |
| B. | Lucknow Pact |
| C. | Karachi agreement |
| D. | Lahore declaration |
| Answer» A. Gandhi-Irwin Pact | |
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Explanation: The Lucknow Pact established cordial relations between the two prominent groups of the Indian National Congress - the "hot faction" led by Bal Gangadhar Tilak, and the moderates or the "soft factioled by Gopal Krishna Gokhale. |
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| 413. |
Who was the governor-general during the Second Anglo-Mysore War? |
| A. | Lord Wellesley |
| B. | Lord Cornwallis |
| C. | Sir John Shore |
| D. | Warren Hastings |
| Answer» D. Warren Hastings | |
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Explanation: The Second Anglo-Mysore War (1780-1784) was a conflict between the Kingdom of Mysore and the British East India Company. Warren Hastings was the Governor- General then. The conflict ended with the singing of the Treaty of Mangalore in 1784. |
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| 414. |
Gandhi's inspiration for Civil Disobedience came from the writings of - |
| A. | Henry David Thoreau |
| B. | David Ricardo |
| C. | Henry Kissinger |
| D. | Bertrand Russell |
| Answer» A. Henry David Thoreau | |
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Explanation: Resistance to Civil. Government (Civil Disobedience) is an essay by AmericanTranscendentalist.Henry David Thoreau that was first published in 1849. In it, Thor reau argues that individuals should notpermit gov-and that they have a du ernments to overrule or affopfly their consciences, o avoid allowing such acquiescence to enable the government to make them the agents of Injus:e:Indian independence leader a Mohandas Gandhi ahatma Gandhi) was irn-pressed by Thoreau's ar tirnen |
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| 415. |
Bal Gangadhar Tilak was given the epíthet of Lokamanya during - |
| A. | his imprisonment in 1908 |
| B. | Home Rule Movement |
| C. | Revoelutionary Movement |
| D. | Swadeshi Movement |
| Answer» B. Home Rule Movement | |
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Explanation: Bal Gangadhar Tilak was conferred with the honorary title of "Lokamanya", which literally means "Accepted by the people (as their leader)". He was honored with the title Lokamanya' in 1893 which became synonymous with him in the 1900. Tilak re joined the Indian National Congress in 1916. |
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| 416. |
Do or Die' (Karenge ya Marenge) - Gandhiji gave this Mantra to the nation on the eve of which mass movement? |
| A. | Rowlatt Satyagraha |
| B. | Salt Satyagraha |
| C. | Quit India Movement |
| D. | Non-Cooperation Movement |
| Answer» C. Quit India Movement | |
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Explanation: The Quit India Movement or the August Movement (August Kranti) was a civil disobedience movement launched in India in August 1942 in response to Mohandas Gandhi's call for immediate independence. The All-India Congress Committee proclaimed a mass protest demanding what Gandhi called "an orderly British withdrawal" from India. |
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| 417. |
When Mahatma Gandhi was assassinated, who said, "None will believe that a man like this in body and soul ever walked on this earth"? |
| A. | Bertrand Russell |
| B. | Leo Tolstoy |
| C. | Albert Einstein |
| D. | Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan |
| Answer» C. Albert Einstein | |
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Explanation: In 1931, Albert Einstein wrote a short letter of admiration to another of the world's greatest minds Mohandas Gandhi. Despite their intentions, the pair never met in person. After Gandhi's death, Einstein said: "Generations to come will find it difficult to believe that a man such as Gandhi ever walked the face of this earth.” |
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| 418. |
Who among the following was the first to sign the 'Instruments of Accession'? |
| A. | The Maharaja of Baroda |
| B. | The Dewan of Travancore |
| C. | The Nizam of Hyderabad |
| D. | The Raja of Jodhpur |
| Answer» B. The Dewan of Travancore | |
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Explanation: The Instrument of Accession was a legal doment created in 1947 to enable each of the rulers of the princely states under British suzerainty to join one of the new dominions of India or Pakistan creat Rajya according to manyed by the Partition of British India. |
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| 419. |
The decline of Indian Handicrafts industry in the 19th century was attributed to |
| A. | competition from British manufacturing industries only |
| B. | disappearance of Indian Princely Courts only |
| C. | establishment of alien rule only |
| D. | All of the above |
| Answer» D. All of the above | |
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Explanation: Tha major causes of decline in handicrafts in India during the British rule were: (i) disappearance of court culture; (ii) adverse influence of British rule on tastes and habits; (iii) competition from European manufacturers; (iv) one way free trade policy of the British; (v) exploitation of craftsmen by merchants, etc. |
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| 420. |
The joint session of the Congress and Muslim League was held in 1916 at - |
| A. | Delhi |
| B. | Kanpur |
| C. | Lucknow |
| D. | Madras |
| Answer» C. Lucknow | |
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Explanation: The joint session of the Indian National Congress headed by Maratha leader Bal Gangadhar Tilak and the All-India Muslim League led by Muhammad Ali Jinnah was held in Lucknow in 1916. |
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| 421. |
A prominent leader of the Ghadar Party was - |
| A. | P. Mitra |
| B. | Lala Har Dayal |
| C. | B.G. Tilak |
| D. | Bipin Chandra Pal |
| Answer» B. Lala Har Dayal | |
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Explanation: Lala Har Dayal was an Indian nationalist revolutionary who founded the Ghadar Party in America. His simple living and intellectual acumen inspired many expatriate Indians living in Canada and the USA to fight against British Imperialism during the First World War. |
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| 422. |
Who propounded the theory of ‘Drain of wealth' from India to Great Britain? |
| A. | Gopal Krishana Gokhale |
| B. | Dadabahai Naoroji |
| C. | Surendranth Banerjee |
| D. | Lala Lajpat Rai |
| Answer» B. Dadabahai Naoroji | |
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Explanation: It was in 1867 that Dadabhai Naoroji put forward the idea that Britain was draining India. From then on for nearly half a century he launched a raging campaign against the drain, hammering at the theme through every possible form of public communication. |
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| 423. |
The Swarajya Party was formed following the failure of - |
| A. | Non-Cooperation Movement |
| B. | Civil Disobedience Movement |
| C. | Quit India Movement |
| D. | Champaran Satyagraha |
| Answer» A. Non-Cooperation Movement | |
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Explanation: The Swarajya Party, established as the Congress Khilafat Swarajaya Party, was a political party form in India in 1923 that sought greater self-governme and political freedoms for the Indian people from the British Raj. |
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| 424. |
Who was the founder of Aligarh Movement? |
| A. | Sir Agha Khan |
| B. | Maulana Altaf Husain Hali |
| C. | Maulana Shibli |
| D. | Sir Sayyid Ahmad Khan |
| Answer» D. Sir Sayyid Ahmad Khan | |
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Explanation: Aligarh Movement was the movement led by Sir Syed Ahmed Khan, to educate the Muslims of the South Asia after the defeat of the rebels in the Indian rebellion of 1857. Its most significant achievement was the establishment of Muhammadan Anglo-Oriental College at Aligarh, which later became Aligarh Muslim University. |
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| 425. |
The Khilafat Movement was launched to protest against the humiliation of - |
| A. | The Turkish Caliph |
| B. | Aga Khan |
| C. | Muhammad Ali Jinnah |
| D. | Abul Kalam Azad |
| Answer» A. The Turkish Caliph | |
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Explanation: The Khilafat Movement was launched to protest against the humiliation of the Turkish Caliph. The Sultan of Turkey was accepted by the Indian Muslims as their spíritual head. |
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| 426. |
Who among the following founded the All India Muslim League? |
| A. | Syed Ahmed Khan |
| B. | Muhammad Ali |
| C. | Aga Khan |
| D. | Hamid Ali Khan |
| Answer» C. Aga Khan | |
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Explanation: All Indía Muslim League was founded by Aga Khan. The first conference of the All India Muslim League was held at Amritsar under the presidentship of Sir Syed Ali Imam. |
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| 427. |
The foundar of the ‘Arya Samaj' was - |
| A. | Annie Besant |
| B. | Raja Ram Mohan Roy |
| C. | Dayananda Saraswati |
| D. | Vivekananda |
| Answer» C. Dayananda Saraswati | |
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Explanation: Arya Samaj is a Hindu reform movement that was founded by Swami Dayananda Saraswati in Bombay on 7 April 1875. He was a sanyasi who promoted the Vedas. He gave the Motto "Krinvanto Vishwam Aryanm (To Make the World Noble) to Arya Samaj. |
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| 428. |
In 197, an educational conference endorsing Gandhi's proposals for 'basic education' through the vernacular medium was held at - |
| A. | Surat |
| B. | Bombay |
| C. | Ahmedabad |
| D. | Wardha |
| Answer» D. Wardha | |
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Explanation: On July 31, 1937, Gandhi had published an article in the Harijan. Based upon this article, an all India National Education Conference was held on October 22 and 23, 1937, which was called the Wardha Educational Conference. |
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| 429. |
Gandhi's Salt Satyagraha was a part of |
| A. | Champaran Satyagraha |
| B. | Quit India Movement |
| C. | Non Cooperation Movement |
| D. | Civil Disobedience Movement |
| Answer» D. Civil Disobedience Movement | |
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Explanation: The Salt March which began with the Dandi March on March 12, 1930, was a direct action campaign of tax resistance and nonviolent protest against the British salt monopoly in colonial India. It triggered the wider Civil Disobedience Movement. |
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| 430. |
The first Satyagraha of Gandhiji for the cause of indigo farmers was observed at - |
| A. | Champaran |
| B. | Chauri-Chaura |
| C. | Bardoli |
| D. | Sabarmati |
| Answer» A. Champaran | |
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Explanation: The Satyagraha of Gandhiji for the cause of indigo farmers was observed at Champaran, Bihar in 1917. |
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| 431. |
The Portuguese Governor who abolished Sati in Goa was - |
| A. | Albuquerque |
| B. | Cabral |
| C. | Almeida |
| D. | De Braganza |
| Answer» A. Albuquerque | |
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Explanation: The Portuguese Governor who abolished Sati in Goa was Albuquerque. |
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| 432. |
In which year, Gandhiji established Sabarmati Ashram in Guarat? |
| A. | 1916 |
| B. | 1917 |
| C. | 1918 |
| D. | 1929 |
| Answer» B. 1917 | |
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Explanation: The ashram was originally established at the Kocharab Bungalow of Jivanlal Desai on 25 May, 1915. The Ashram was then shifted on 17 June, 1917 to a piece of open land on the banks of the river Sabar-mati. |
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| 433. |
Where was the First Session of Indian National Congress held? |
| A. | Bombay |
| B. | Madras |
| C. | Calcutta |
| D. | Delhi |
| Answer» A. Bombay | |
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Explanation: Founded in 1885 with the objective of obtaining a greater share in government for educated Indians, the first session of the Indian National Congress was held in Bombay during December 28-December 31, 1885. |
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| 434. |
Swarajya was declared as the goal of the Congress at ifs session held in 1908 at - |
| A. | Bombay |
| B. | Calcutta |
| C. | Lucknow |
| D. | Madras |
| Answer» B. Calcutta | |
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Explanation: In 1906, the session at Calcutta was presided by Dada Bhai Naoroji. It was under the leadership of Naoroji that the Congress adopted Swaraj as the goal of Indian people. |
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| 435. |
Gandhi started the ‘Dandi March’ from - |
| A. | Ahmedalbad |
| B. | Allahabad |
| C. | Dandi |
| D. | Calcutta |
| Answer» A. Ahmedalbad | |
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Explanation: The Salt March, also known as the Salt Satyagraha, began with the Dandi March on March 12, 1930. It was a direct action campaign of tax resistance and nonviolent protest against the British salt monopoly in colonial India, and triggered the wider Civil Disobedience Movement. |
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| 436. |
Who, among the following, founded the All India Depressed Classes Federation' in 1920? |
| A. | M.K. Gandhi |
| B. | Jyotiba Phule |
| C. | G.K. Gokhale |
| D. | B.R. Ambedkar |
| Answer» D. B.R. Ambedkar | |
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Explanation: The Conference of the Depressed Classes at Nagpur on August 8, 1930 presided over by Dr. Ambedkar, passed the resolution to have separate electorates for the depressed classes. This conference formed All India Depressed Classes Federation. |
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| 437. |
The first Trading Centre which was established by the British was - |
| A. | Kolkata |
| B. | Surat |
| C. | Chennai |
| D. | Mumbai |
| Answer» B. Surat | |
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Explanation: The British East India Company opened their first trading center at Surat, Gujarat in 1612. This was as per the deed of right Mughal Emperor Jehangir granted to them. In 1640, they opened their second center in Madras (now Chennai). |
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| 438. |
Who among the following started the first newspaper in India? |
| A. | Dadabhai Naoroji |
| B. | W.C. Bonnerjee |
| C. | Rabindranath Tagore |
| D. | James A. Hickey |
| Answer» D. James A. Hickey | |
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Explanation: The first major newspaper in India-The Bengal Gazette-was started in 1780 under the British Raj by James Augustus Hickey. |
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| 439. |
In violation of the Salt Laws, Gandhiji started a movement called |
| A. | Non-Cooperation movement |
| B. | Swadeshi Movement |
| C. | Civil Disobedience Move-ment |
| D. | None of the above |
| Answer» C. Civil Disobedience Move-ment | |
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Explanation: The Salt March, also known as the Salt Satyagraha, began with the Dandi March on March 12, 1930. The Salt Satyagraha was the next significant non-violent protest against the British, after the NonCooperation movement of 1920-22 and India's First Waro Independence 1857. |
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| 440. |
The Cabinet Mission came to India in - |
| A. | 1943 |
| B. | 1944 |
| C. | 1945 |
| D. | 1946 |
| Answer» D. 1946 | |
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Explanation: The British Cabinet Mission of 1946 to India aimed to discuss and plan for the transfer of power from the British Government to Indian leadership, providing India with independence. The Mission held talks with the representatives of the Indian National Congress and the All-India Muslim League, the two largest political parties in the Constituent Assembly of India. |
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| 441. |
Which of the following was established by B.R. Ambedkar? |
| A. | Swaraj Party |
| B. | Samaj Samata Party |
| C. | All India Scheduled Castes Federation |
| D. | The Independent Labour Party |
| Answer» C. All India Scheduled Castes Federation | |
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Explanation: Scheduled Castes Federation was a political party in India, founded by Dr. Ambedkar in 1942 to fight for the rights of the Dalit community. |
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| 442. |
The idea of Pakistan was first conceived by - |
| A. | Muhammad Iqbal |
| B. | M. A. Jinnah |
| C. | Shaukat Ali |
| D. | Aga Khan |
| Answer» A. Muhammad Iqbal | |
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Explanation: Muhammad Iqbal elucidated to Jinnah his vision of a separate Muslim state in a letter sent on June 21, 1937: "A separate federation of Muslim Provinces, reformedon the lines I have suggested above, is the only course by which we can secure a peaceful India and save Muslims from the do in/nation of NonMusplims. |
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| 443. |
Who scripted Gandhiji's favorite song “Vaishnav Jan To ”. |
| A. | Narsinh Mehta |
| B. | Premanand |
| C. | Chunilal |
| D. | Dharmiklal |
| Answer» A. Narsinh Mehta | |
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Explanation: Narsingh Mehta was a poet-saint of Gujarat, India, and a member of the Nagar Brahmins community, notable as a bhakta, an exponent of Vaishnava poetry. He is especially revered in Gujarati literature where he is acclaimed as its Adi Kavi (Sanskrit for first among poets"). |
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| 444. |
Where did Aurangzeb die? |
| A. | Ahmednagar |
| B. | Aurangabad |
| C. | Allahabad |
| D. | Lahore |
| Answer» B. Aurangabad | |
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Explanation: Aurangzed, the last Great Mughal emperor, who spent the latter years of his reigh, 1681-1707, in the Deccan died at khuldabad near Aurangabad in 1707, and a small monument upon the future course. |
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| 445. |
When was the first train steamed off in India? |
| A. | 1848 |
| B. | 1853 |
| C. | 1875 |
| D. | 1880 |
| Answer» B. 1853 | |
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Explanation: Two new railway companies, Great Indian Peninsular Railway (GIPR) and East Indian Railway (EIR) were created in 1853- 54 to construct and operate two 'experimental' lines near Bombay and Calcutta respectively. The first train in India had become operational on 22 December, 1851 for localized hauling of canal construction material in Roorkee. A year and a half later, on 16 April, 1853, the first passenger train service was inaugurated between Bori Bunder in Bombay and Thane. |
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| 446. |
Who was the Chairman of the Union Powers Committee of the Constituent Assembly of India? |
| A. | Sardar Vallabhbahi Patel |
| B. | Dr. B.R. Ambedkar |
| C. | Sir Alladi Krishnaswami Ayyar |
| D. | Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru |
| Answer» D. Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru | |
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Explanation: On the 14 August, 1947 meeting of the Assembly, a proposal for forming various committees was presented. Such committees included a Committee on Fundamental Rights, the Union Powers Committee and Union Constitution Committee. The Union Powers Committee and the Union Constitution Committee was headed by Jawaharlal Nehru. |
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| 447. |
From where did Acharya Vinoba Bhave start the Individual Satyagraha in 1940? |
| A. | Nadiad in Gujarat |
| B. | Pavnar in Maharashtra |
| C. | Adyar in Tamil Nadu |
| D. | Guntur in Andhra Pradesh |
| Answer» B. Pavnar in Maharashtra | |
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Explanation: In October, 1940, Gandhi selected Vinoba Bhave as the first Satyagrahi- civil resister-for the individual Satyagraha against the British, and Jawaharlal Nehru was the second. Gandhi personally went to Pavnar Ashram to seek his consent. After obtaining Vinoba's consent, Gandhi issued a comprehensive statement on 5 October, 1940. |
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| 448. |
The first to come and last to leave India were - |
| A. | the Portuguese |
| B. | the French |
| C. | the English |
| D. | the Dutch |
| Answer» A. the Portuguese | |
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Explanation: The first Portuguese encounter with India was on May 20, 1498 when Vasco da Gama reached Calicut on Malabar Coast. The Portuguese State of India was established in 1505 as a viceroyalty of the Kingdom of Portugal, six years after the discovery of a sea route between Portugal and India, to serve as the plenipotentiary governing body of a string of Portuguese for tresses and colonies overseas. |
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| 449. |
What was the Wood's Despatch about? |
| A. | Industry |
| B. | Army |
| C. | Education |
| D. | Agriculture |
| Answer» C. Education | |
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Explanation: Wood's Despatch was a scheme of education that was proposed by Sir Charles Wood, the President of the Board of Control of the East India Company, in 1854. It repudiated the "downward filtration theory" and emphasized on the education of the masses and announced the duty and responsibility of the Government to provide education for the people of India. It is known as the Magna Carta of English Education in India. |
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| 450. |
'Sati' was abolished by - |
| A. | Lord Ripon |
| B. | Warren Hastings |
| C. | Lord Cornwallis |
| D. | William Bentinck |
| Answer» D. William Bentinck | |
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Explanation: The system of Sati was abolished in India during the governor-generalship of Lord William Bentinck. It was on 4 December 1829, when the practice was formally banned in all the lands under Bengal Presidency by Bentinck. By this regulation, the people who abetted sati were declared guilty of "culpable homicide." |
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| 451. |
Who was the first Indian to be made a fellow of the Royal Society of London? |
| A. | Srinivas Ramanujam |
| B. | A.C. Wadia |
| C. | C.V. Raman |
| D. | P.C. Mahalanobis |
| Answer» B. A.C. Wadia | |
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Explanation: Ardaseer Cursetjee Wadia was the first Indian to be elected as a Fellow of the Royal Society on May 27, 1841 which credited him with both the introduction of gas lighting to Bombay, as well as having "built a [sea-going] vessel of 60 tons to which he adapted a Steam Engine. |
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| 452. |
Which of these battles proved decisive in the Anglo-French rivalry in India? |
| A. | Battle of Wandiwash |
| B. | Battle of Assaye |
| C. | Battle of Chillianwala |
| D. | Battle of Seringapatam |
| Answer» A. Battle of Wandiwash | |
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Explanation: Battle of Wandiawash, (January 22, 1760), in the history of India, was a confrontation between the French, under the comtede Lally, and the British under Sir Eyre Coote. It was the decisive battle in the Anglo- French struggle in southern India during the Seven Years' War (1756-63). |
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| 453. |
Who is generally acknowledged as the pioneer of local self-government in modern India? |
| A. | Ripon |
| B. | Mayo |
| C. | Lytton |
| D. | Curzon |
| Answer» A. Ripon | |
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Explanation: Lord Ripon's Resolution of 18 May, 1882 is hailed as the Magna Carat of government and got for him the title of "father of local self-government in India. The resolution on local self-government recognized the twin considerations of local government: (i) administrative efficiency and (i) political education. |
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| 454. |
After the Bardoli Satyagraha, the title of 'Sardar to Vallabhbhai Patel was given by - |
| A. | Jawaharlal Nehru |
| B. | Motilal Nehru |
| C. | Mahatma Gandhi |
| D. | Maulana Abul Kalam Azad |
| Answer» C. Mahatma Gandhi | |
|
Explanation: The Bardoli Satyagraha of 1928, in the state of Gujarat, India during the period of the British Raj was a major episode of civil disobedience and revolt in the Indian Independence Movement. Its successve rise to Vallabhbhai Patel as one of the greatest leaders of the independence struggle. |
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| 455. |
Who was in favour of a partyless democracy? |
| A. | Jai Prakash Narain |
| B. | Bhupendra Nath Dutta |
| C. | M.N. Roy |
| D. | Jawaharlal Nehru |
| Answer» A. Jai Prakash Narain | |
|
Explanation: In India, two great leaders, M.N. Roy and Jayaprakash Narayan, have at different times advocated partyless democracy. Jayprakash Narayan never held a formal position in the government, but remained a leading political personality operating outside party politics. |
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| 456. |
Provincial autonomy was introduced in India by the - |
| A. | Indian Councils Act, 1909 |
| B. | Govenmment of India Act, 1919 |
| C. | Government of India Act, 1935 |
| D. | Indian Independence Act, 1947 |
| Answer» C. Government of India Act, 1935 | |
|
Explanation: The most significant aspects of the Government of India Act 1935 were: the grant of a large measure of autonomy to the provinces of British India (ending the system of dyarchy introduced by the Government of India Act 1919) and provision for the establishment of a "Federation of India", to be made up of both British India and some or all of the "princely states. |
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| 457. |
English education was introduced in India by - |
| A. | Lord Curzon |
| B. | Jawaharlal Nehru |
| C. | Lord Macaulay |
| D. | Lord Dalhousie |
| Answer» C. Lord Macaulay | |
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Explanation: Macaulay was Secretary to the Board of Control under Lord Grey from 1832 until 1833. After the passing of the Government of India Act 1833, he was appointed as the first Law Member of the Governor General's Council. He went to India in 1834. |
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| 458. |
Name the important French possession in India. |
| A. | Goa |
| B. | Pondicherry |
| C. | Daman |
| D. | Cochin |
| Answer» B. Pondicherry | |
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Explanation: Pondicherry is a Union Territory of India formed out of four enclaves of former French India and named for the largest, Pondicherry. The French East India Company set up a trading centre at Pondicherry in 1674. This outpost eventually became the chief French settlement in India. |
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| 459. |
When and which Governor-General decided to make English the medium of instruction in India? |
| A. | 1805-Lord Wellesley |
| B. | 1845-Lord Hardinge |
| C. | 1835-Lord William Bentick |
| D. | 1850-Lord Dalhousie |
| Answer» C. 1835-Lord William Bentick | |
|
Explanation: The English Education Act 1835 was a legislative Act of the Council of India in 1835 giving effect to a decision in 1835 by William Bentinck, the then Goernor-General of British India to reallocate funds East India Company was required by the British Parliament to spend on education and literature in India. |
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| 460. |
Who among the following, is acknowledged as the pioneer of Local Self- Government in India? |
| A. | Rippon |
| B. | Mayo |
| C. | Lytton |
| D. | Curzon |
| Answer» A. Rippon | |
|
Explanation: The real benchmarking of the government policy on decentralization in India is attributed to Lord Ripon who, in his famous resolution on local self-government on May 18, 1882, recognized the twin considerations of local government: (i) administrative efficiency and political education. |
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| 461. |
The Congress adopted the Quit India Resolution' in the year - |
| A. | 1940 |
| B. | 1938 |
| C. | 1946 |
| D. | 1942 |
| Answer» D. 1942 | |
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Explanation: On August 8, 1942 the Quit India Resolution was passed at the Bombay session of the All India Congress Committee (AICC). In his Quit India speech that day at Gowalia Tank, Bombay, Gandhi told Indians to follow non- violent civil disobedience. |
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| 462. |
The Aslatic society of Bengal (founded in 1784) owes its origin to - |
| A. | Warren Hastings |
| B. | Sir William Jones |
| C. | Sir James Mackintosh |
| D. | James Princep |
| Answer» B. Sir William Jones | |
|
Explanation: The Asiatic Society was founded by Sir William Jones on January 15, 1784 in a meeting presided over by Sir Robert Chambers, the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court at the Fort William in Calcutta, then capital of the British Raj, to enhance and further the cause of Oriental research. |
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| 463. |
Gandhiji's movement of boycotting the foreign goods aimed at - |
| A. | Full independence |
| B. | Creating anti-British sentiment |
| C. | Promotion of welfare state |
| D. | Promotion of cottage industries |
| Answer» D. Promotion of cottage industries | |
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Explanation: Gandhi believed that the country can only prosper if we make our villages economically independen through cottage industries. This was the principle behind the Khadi movement, behind Gandhi's urging that Indians spin their own clothing rather than buy British goods. |
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| 464. |
Mangal Pandey fired the first shot of the Revalt of 1857 at - |
| A. | Barrackpore |
| B. | Meerut |
| C. | Kanpur |
| D. | Jhansi |
| Answer» A. Barrackpore | |
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Explanation: Mangal Pandey was a sepoy in the 34th Bengal Native Infantry (BNI) regiment of the English East India Company who is |
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| 465. |
According to Gandhi, the scope for class struggle and love for property can be reduced by - |
| A. | Decentralisation |
| B. | Participatory democracy |
| C. | Separation of Judiciary from Executive |
| D. | Trusteeship |
| Answer» D. Trusteeship | |
|
Explanation: The proposal for Trusteeship was put forward by Gandhiji. |
|
| 466. |
The battle of Plassey was fought between - |
| A. | East India Company and Shah Alam |
| B. | East India Company and Shujauddaula |
| C. | East India Company and Sirajuddaula |
| D. | East India Company and Anwaruddin |
| Answer» C. East India Company and Sirajuddaula | |
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Explanation: The Battle of Plassey was fought between East In Company and Nawab of Bengal Sirajauddaula in June 1757. The Nawab was killed in this battle. |
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| 467. |
The Peshwaship was abolished by the British at the time of Peshwa - |
| A. | Raghunath Rao |
| B. | Narayan Rao |
| C. | Madhav Rao II |
| D. | Baji Rao II |
| Answer» D. Baji Rao II | |
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Explanation: Baji Rao II (1796-1818) was the last Peshwa of the Maratha Confederacy. It was during his time that the Peshwaship was abolíshed by the British and he was given a hefty pension. |
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| 468. |
By which Charter Act, the East India Company's monopoly of trade with China came to an end? |
| A. | Charter Act of 1793 |
| B. | Charter Act of 1813 |
| C. | Charter Act of 1833 |
| D. | Charter Act of 1853 |
| Answer» C. Charter Act of 1833 | |
|
Explanation: Under the Charter Act of 1833, the East India Company's monopoly to tea trade and China trade was abolished. It was required to wind up its commercial business. |
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| 469. |
Who among the following introduced Ryotwari system in Madras? |
| A. | Lord Hastings |
| B. | Lord Wellesley |
| C. | Sir Thomas Munro |
| D. | Lord Cannemara |
| Answer» C. Sir Thomas Munro | |
|
Explanation: Ryotwari System was introduced by Thomas Munro in 1820. Major areas of introduction included Madras, Bombay, parts of Assam and Coorg provinces of British India. In Ryotwari System the ownership rights were handed over to the peasants. British Government collected taxes directly from the peasants. |
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| 470. |
Under whose leadership was the Chittagong Armoury Raid organised? |
| A. | Sukhdev |
| B. | Bhagat Singh |
| C. | Surya Sen |
| D. | Rajguru |
| Answer» C. Surya Sen | |
|
Explanation: The Chittagong Armoury Raid was led by Surya Sen popularly known as Master-da. It involved an attempt on 18 April 1930 to raid the armory of police and auxiliary forces from the Chittagong armory in Bengal province of British India by armed revolution aries. |
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| 471. |
In which year was the Morley Minto reform passed? (1) |
| A. | 1917 |
| B. | (3) 1909 |
| C. | (2) 1902 |
| D. | (4) 1912 |
| Answer» C. (2) 1902 | |
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Explanation: The Indian Councils Act 1909, commonly known as the Morley-Minto Reforms was passed by the British Parliament in 1909. It received royal assent on 25 May 1909. It aimed to widen the scope of legislative councils,placate the demands of moderates in Indian National Congress and to increase the participation of Indians the governance. |
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| 472. |
ho was the founder of Kolkata's first "Atmiya Sabha" (philo-sophical discussion circle) held in 1815? |
| A. | Ram Mohan Roy |
| B. | Lala Lajpat Rai |
| C. | Rabindranath Tagore |
| D. | Jawahar Lal Nehru |
| Answer» A. Ram Mohan Roy | |
|
Explanation: Atmiya Sabha was started by Ram Mohan Roy in 1815 in Kolkata (then Calcutta). It served to conduct debate and discussion sessions on philosophical topics, and promote free and collective thinking and social reform. The foundation of Atmiya Sabha considered as the beginning of the modern age in Kolkata. |
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| 473. |
What did Gandhiji meant by ‘Sarvodaya'? |
| A. | Non-violence |
| B. | Upliftment of untouchables or dalits |
| C. | The birth of a new society based on ethical values |
| D. | Satyagraha |
| Answer» C. The birth of a new society based on ethical values | |
|
Explanation: Sarvodaya is a Sanskrit term meaning 'universal uplift' or 'progress of all'. The term was used by Gandhi as the title of his 1908 translation of John Ruskin's ttract on political economy, Unto This Last, and Gandhi came to use the term for the ideal of his own political philosophy. |
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| 474. |
Which of the following was not actively engaged in social and religious reforms in India? |
| A. | Raja Ram Mohan Roy |
| B. | Pandit Iswar Chandra Vidyasagar |
| C. | Jotiba Phule |
| D. | Bharatendu Harishchandra |
| Answer» D. Bharatendu Harishchandra | |
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Explanation: Bharatendu Harishchandra was one of the greatest Hindi writers of modern India who is known as the father of modern Hindiliterature as well as Hindi theatre. He was recognised poet, he was a trendsetter in Hindi prose-writing. |
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| 475. |
British achieved political power in India after which of the following? |
| A. | Battle of Plassey |
| B. | Battle of Panipat |
| C. | Battle of Buxar |
| D. | Battle of Wandiwash |
| Answer» A. Battle of Plassey | |
|
Explanation: After the Battle of Plassey in 1757, the British achieved political power in India. It marked a decisive victory of the British East India Company over the Nawab of Bengal and his French allies. The battle consolidated the Company's presence in Bengal which later expanded to cover much of India over the next hundred years. |
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| 476. |
Which Governor General decided to make English as the medium of instruction in India? |
| A. | Lord Wellesley |
| B. | Lord Hardinge |
| C. | Lord Dalhousie |
| D. | Lord William Bentinck |
| Answer» D. Lord William Bentinck | |
|
Explanation: Lord William Bentinck introduced English as the medium of instruction in India in 1835. Acting on the recommendations of Macaulay's "Minute upon Indian Education", he decided that the government would give support only to institutions of higher education that used English as the medium of instruction. |
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| 477. |
The only Viceroy to be assassinated in India was - |
| A. | Lord Harding |
| B. | Lord Northbrook |
| C. | Lord Ellenborough |
| D. | Lord Mayo |
| Answer» D. Lord Mayo | |
|
Explanation: Lord May, the viceroy of India during 1869-1872 was assassinated by Sher Ali Afridi, an Afridi Pathan convict at Port Blair in the Andaman Islands on 8 February 1972. His murderer appeared to be motivated only by a sense of injustice at his own imprisonment, andhad resolved to kill a high-ranking colonial official. |
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| 478. |
Who was the founder of the Theosophical Society? |
| A. | Justice Ranade |
| B. | Madam Blavatsky |
| C. | Annie Besant |
| D. | Bal Gangadhar Tilak |
| Answer» B. Madam Blavatsky | |
|
Explanation: The Theosophical Society was officially formed in New York City, United States, on 17 November 1875 by Helena Petrovna Blavatsky, Colonel Henry Steel Olcott, William Quan Judge, and others. It was formed as body of seekers after Truth, who endeavours to promote Brotherhood and strive to serve humanity. |
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| 479. |
Wo was the ruler of Delhi when Ahmad Shah Abdali defeated the Marathas in the third Battle of Panipat in 1761? |
| A. | AlamgirI |
| B. | Muhammad Shalh |
| C. | Jahandar Shalh |
| D. | Shah Alam II |
| Answer» D. Shah Alam II | |
|
Explanation: The Third Battle of Panipat was fought in 1761 between the Afghan invader Ahmad Shah Abdali and the Marathas. Ali Gauhar, better known as Shah Alam II (October 1760 - November 1806) was the Mughal Emperor then. |
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| 480. |
The idea of federation was first proposed in - |
| A. | Indian Councils Act of 1892 |
| B. | Morley-Minto Reforms |
| C. | Montague-Chelmsford Reforms |
| D. | Nehru Report of 1928 |
| Answer» D. Nehru Report of 1928 | |
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Explanation: The Nehru Report of 1928 said that India will be a federation which shall have a bicameral legislature at the centre and Ministry would be responsible to the legislature. Later the demand for federation was adopted by the different political outfits. |
|
| 481. |
Pitts India Act of 1784 was a/an - |
| A. | White paper |
| B. | Regulating Act |
| C. | Ordinance |
| D. | Resolution |
| Answer» B. Regulating Act | |
|
Explanation: The Pitt's India Act of 1784 was in the nature of a regulating act as it was intended to address the short comings of the Regulating Act of 1773 by bringing the East India Company's rule in India under the control of the British Government. Pitt's India Act provided for the appointment of a Board of Control, and provided for a joint government of British India by both the Company and the Crown with the government holding the ultimate authority. |
|
| 482. |
The Non-Cooperation Movement started in - |
| A. | 1870 |
| B. | 1920 |
| C. | 1921 |
| D. | 1942 |
| Answer» B. 1920 | |
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Explanation: In support of the Khilafat movement Gandhiji inugurated the Non- cooperation campaign on August 1, 1920. |
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| 483. |
Who was the Nawab when Dalhousie annexed Awadh in 1856? |
| A. | Nasiruddin Mahmud Shah |
| B. | Wajld Ali Shah |
| C. | Shujaud Daula |
| D. | Alivardi Khan |
| Answer» B. Wajld Ali Shah | |
|
Explanation: Lord Dalhousie asked Nawab Wajid Ali Shah to sign the abdication. On his refusal, the state of Awadh was annexed by a proclamation on February 13, 1856. |
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| 484. |
Who said Swaraj is my birthright and I shall have it'? |
| A. | M.K. Gandhi |
| B. | B.G. Tilak |
| C. | G.K. Gokhale |
| D. | B. R. Ambedkar |
| Answer» B. B.G. Tilak | |
|
Explanation: Bal Gangadhar Tilak was one of the first and strongest advocates of "Swaraj" (self-rule) and a strong raical in Indian consciousness. His famous quote, "Swaraj is my birthright, and I shall have it" is we remembered in India even today. |
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| 485. |
After the Chauri -Chaura incident, Gandhiji suspended the - |
| A. | Civil Disobedience Movement |
| B. | Khilafat Movement |
| C. | Non-Cooperation Movement |
| D. | Quit India Movement |
| Answer» C. Non-Cooperation Movement | |
|
Explanation: Chauri Chaura came into prominence in 1922 when its inhabitants whole- heartedly participated in the Non-cooperation movement started by Gandhi. However in February 1922, a police chowki (station) was set on fire by a mob of angry citizens, killing 23 policemen inside. |
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| 486. |
The book “Prison Diary" was written by - |
| A. | Mahatma Gandhi |
| B. | V.D. Savarkar |
| C. | Jaya Prakash Narayan |
| D. | Morarjí Desai |
| Answer» C. Jaya Prakash Narayan | |
|
Explanation: Prison diary is by Jayaprakash Narayan. It was first published in 1977 by Popular Prakashan. |
|
| 487. |
"India House" is located in - |
| A. | New Delhi |
| B. | Kolkata |
| C. | London |
| D. | New York |
| Answer» C. London | |
|
Explanation: India House was an informal Indian nationalist organisation based in London between 1905 and 1910 With the patronage of Shyamji Krishna Varma, its home in a student residence in Highgate, North London was launched to promote nationalist views among Indian students in Britain. |
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| 488. |
Who among the following is popularly known as Periyar? |
| A. | C.V. Raman Pillai |
| B. | C.N. Mudaliar |
| C. | E.V. Ramaswamy Naicker |
| D. | L. Ramkrishna Pillai |
| Answer» C. E.V. Ramaswamy Naicker | |
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Explanation: E.V. Ramaswamy Naicker was a businessman politician, Indian independence and social activist, who started the Self-Respect Movement or the Dravidian Movement and proposed the creation of an independent state called Dravida Nadu, comprising the states of South India. |
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| 489. |
In which of the following places was the Ryotwari settlement introduced? |
| A. | Uttar Pradesh and Punjab |
| B. | North-West Provinces and Punjab |
| C. | Madras and Bombay |
| D. | Bengal and Bihar |
| Answer» C. Madras and Bombay | |
|
Explanation: The Ryotwari Settlement was a method introduced by the British to collect revenues which was introduced in parts of the Madras and Bombay presidencies between 1792 and 1827. Under it, a direct settlement was made between the Government and ryot who was the cultivator of land. |
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| 490. |
As er provisions of the Charter Act of 1833, a Law Commission (for consolidating, codifying and improving Indian laws) was constituted under the Chairmanship of - |
| A. | Lord Bentinck |
| B. | Raja Rammohan Roy |
| C. | Lord Macaulay |
| D. | Lord Dalhousie |
| Answer» C. Lord Macaulay | |
|
Explanation: 0 |
|
| 491. |
Who was the first Indian to become member of British Parliament? |
| A. | W.C. Bonnerjee |
| B. | Behramji M. Malabari |
| C. | D.N. Wacha |
| D. | Dadabhai Naoroji |
| Answer» D. Dadabhai Naoroji | |
|
Explanation: Dadabhai Naoroji was a Member of Parliament (MP) in the United Kingdom House of Commons between 1892 and 1895, and the first Asian to be a British MP. Elected for the Liberal Party in Finsbury Central at the 1892 general election, he was the first British Indian MP. |
|
| 492. |
Who was the first Muslim President of the Indian National Congress? |
| A. | Muhammed Ali Jinnah |
| B. | Badruddin Tyabji |
| C. | Sir Syed Ahmed Khan |
| D. | Abul Kalam Azad |
| Answer» B. Badruddin Tyabji | |
|
Explanation: Badruddin Tyabji was a Indian lawyer who served as the third President of the Indian National Congress In 1902, he became the first Indian to hold the post of Chief Justice in Mumbai. He is considered to be one of the most moderate Muslims during the freedom movement of India. |
|
| 493. |
The administrative consequence of the Revolt of 1857 was transfer of power from - |
| A. | East India Company to the British Crown |
| B. | British Crown to the East India Company |
| C. | East India Company to the Governor General |
| D. | British Crown to the Board of Directors |
| Answer» A. East India Company to the British Crown | |
|
Explanation: The rebellion led to the dissolution of the East India Company in 1858. It also led the British to reorganize the army, the financial system and the administration in India. In August, by the Government of India Act 1858, the company was formally dissolved and its ruling powers over India were transferred to the British Crown. |
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| 494. |
Who was the first Indian Governor- General of India? |
| A. | B.R. Ambedkar |
| B. | C. Rajagopalachari |
| C. | Dr. Rajendra Prasad |
| D. | Dr. S. Radhakrishnan |
| Answer» B. C. Rajagopalachari | |
|
Explanation: Chakravarti Rajagopalachari informally called jaji or C.R., was an Indian lawyer, independence activist, politician, writer and statesman. Rajagopchari was the last Governor-General of India and the first Indian Governor-General of India. |
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| 495. |
Which of the following pairs contributed significantly to integrate the princely states into Indian Union? |
| A. | Sardar Fatel and Jawaharlal Nehru |
| B. | Sardar Patel and V.P. Menon |
| C. | Sardar Patel and Mahatma Gandhi |
| D. | Sardar Patel and K.M. Munsi |
| Answer» B. Sardar Patel and V.P. Menon | |
|
Explanation: At the time of Indian independence, India was divided into two sets of territories, the first being the territories of "British India," which were under the direct control of the India Office in London and the Governor-General of India, and the second being the Princely states," the territories over which the Crown had suzerainty, but which were under the control of their hereditary rulers. |
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| 496. |
Who represented India in the Second Round Table Conference? |
| A. | Sarojani Nadu |
| B. | Anne Besaint |
| C. | Aruna Asaf Ali |
| D. | None of these |
| Answer» A. Sarojani Nadu | |
|
Explanation: On August 29, 1931, Gandhi sailed for England in the SS Rajputana to attend the Second Round Table Conference, He went as the sole representative of the Indian National Congress. He was accompanied by Sarojini Naidu and also Madan Mohan Malaviy Ghanshyam Das Birla, Muhammad Iqbal, Sir Mirza Ismail Diwan of Mysore, S.K. Dutta and Sir Syed Ali Imam. |
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| 497. |
The Azad Hind Fauj was formed in - |
| A. | 1937 |
| B. | 1942 |
| C. | 1943 |
| D. | 1945 |
| Answer» B. 1942 | |
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Explanation: The Azad Hind Fauj was an armed force formed by Indian nationalists in 1942 in Southeast Asia during World War II. The aim of the army was to secure Indian Independence with Japanese assistance. |
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| 498. |
When was first telegraph line started in India? |
| A. | 1851 |
| B. | 1875 |
| C. | 1884 |
| D. | 1900 |
| Answer» A. 1851 | |
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Explanation: In 1850, the first experimental electric telegraph line was started between Kolkata and Diamond Harbour. In 1851, it was opened for the use of the British East India Company. Subsequently, the construction of 6,400 km of telegraph lines connecting Kolkata (then Calcutta) and Peshawar in the north along with Agra, Mumbai (then Bombay) through Sindwa Ghats, and Chennai (then Madras) in the south, as well as Ootacamund and Bangalore was started in November 1853. William O'Shaughnessy, who pioneered the telegraph and telephone in India, belonged to the PublicWorks Department, and worked towards the development of telecom throughout this period. |
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| 499. |
The Home Rule Leagu was started by - |
| A. | Mahatma Gandhi |
| B. | Bal Gangadhar Tilak |
| C. | Jawahar Lal Nehru |
| D. | Rajendra Prasad |
| Answer» B. Bal Gangadhar Tilak | |
|
Explanation: The All India Home Rule League was a national political organization founded in 1916 to lead the national demand for self- government, termed Home Rule and to obtain the status of a Dominion within the British Empire as enjoyed by Australia, Canada, South Africa, New Zealand and Newfoundland at the time. |
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| 500. |
The English established their first factory in India at - |
| A. | Bombay |
| B. | Surat |
| C. | Sutanati |
| D. | Madras |
| Answer» B. Surat | |
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Explanation: The British presence in India dates back to the early part of the seventeenth century. On 31 December, 1600, Elizabeth, then the monarch of the United Kingdom, acceded to the demand of a large body of merchants that a royal charter be given to a new trading company, "The Governor and Company.of Merchants of London, Trading into the East-Indies." |
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