Fluids and Electrolytes solved MCQs

a. Normal Saline – 150mmol Na+/L

B. Hartmans – 131mmol Na+/L

c. Hartmans –131mmolCl-/L

d. D5W- 50gm glucose/L

e. Hartmans- 5 mmol K+/L

a. prolong PR interval

B. prominent U waves

c. T wave flattening

d. Prolonged QT interval

e. T wave inversion in praecordial leads

a. insulin administration

B. adrenaline infusion

c. alkalosis

d. toluene toxicity

e. digoxin OD

a. loop diuretics

B. corticosteroids

c. gentamicin

d. amiloride

e. theophylline

a. ileus

B. constipation

c. muscle weakness

d. paralysis

e. seizures

a. two Slow K tablets

B. 2 chlorvescent tablets

c. 15ml of Kayciel

d. one gram iintravenous KCL

e. a banana

a. 0.1 mEq/L

B. 0.25 mEq/L

c. 0.5mEq/L

d. 0.7mEq/L

e. 1.0mEq/L

a. insulin

B. dextrose

c. NaHCO3

d. Salbutamol

e. resonium

a. Sine wave

B. Peak T wave

c. Flattened p wave

d. QRS widening

e. AV disocciation

a. hypovolemia

B. hypotonicity

c. no cardiac/renal/ hepatic failure

d. urine osmolality >100ml/kg

e. urinary Na >20 mmol/ml

a. hyperlipidaemia can cause an artificially low Na+

B. if the hyponatremia is known to be of less than 48 hours duration it can be corrected quickly

c. in chronic hyponatremia, the Na+ should not be raised by more than 0.5mmol/l/hr

d. if the Na+ level is raised too quickly in a pt with chronic hyponatremia it vauses an increase in ICP

e. central pontine myelinolysis is caused when hypernatremia is corrected to quickly

a. mesothelioma

B. bronchogenic carcinoma

c. breast

d. prostate

e. bladder

a. sertraline

B. amitryptilline

c. ecstasy

d. carbamazepine

e. roxithromycin

a. it should not be corrected greater than 0.5mmol/L/hr

B. is usually associated with inadequate water intake

c. Normal Saline should not be used if the pt is hypovolemic and hypotensive

d. If associated with hypervolemia then frusemide should be used

e. It is clinically manifest by primarily neurological effects

a. the normal correct range is 2.1-2.5

B. the ionized correct range is 1.14-1.3

c. to correct for the low albumin add 0.1 to the total calcium for every 4 the albumin is below 36

d. the ionized calcium increases by 0.05 for every 0.1 drop in pH

e. calcium chloride has less elememtal calcium than calcium gluconate

a. post prandial measurement

B. tuberculosis

c. lung Ca

d. hypomagnasemia

e. renal failure

a. it causes QT prolongation

B. treatment with calcium may not work if magnesium is not given as well

c. i.v administation of calcium requires cardiac monitoring

d. it is seen in pancreatitis

e. hyperventilation produces tetany by causes a fall in the total body calcium

a. it increases SA node automaticity

B. it causes pre eclampsia

c. it prolongs the QT increasing the risk of Toursades

d. it is associated with a 2-3 times increased risk of AF and SVT post AMI

e. symptoms include weakness, lethargy, and poorly controlled AF despite adequate digoxin

a. it is nearly always seen in renal failure

B. it causes nausea, vomiting, loss of deep tendon reflexes, drowsiness and hypotension

c. it causes hypocalcemia

d. if an overdose is taken, Calcium should be given as it is direct antagonist of magnesium

e. it causes widening of the QRS

a. anion gap =(Na+ + K+) - (Cl- + HCO3-)

B. calculated serum osmolality = 2(Na + urea +glucose)

c. paO2 = pIO2 – paCO2/0.8

d. the expected CO2 in metabolic acidosis = 1.5 × HCO3- + 8

e. the expected CO2 in metabolic alkalosis =0.9× HCO3- + 9

a. the normal Aa gradient is <age/4

B. in respiratory alkalosis, for every drop of 10mmHg of pCO2, the HCO3- drops 1 mmol/L acutely

c. in chronic respiratory alkalosis, for every drop of 10mmHg of pCO2, the HCO3- drops 2mmol/L

d. in acute respiratory acidosis, for every 10mmHg rise in pCO2 ,the HCO3 rises 1mmol/L

e. in chronic respiratory acidosis, for every 10mmHg rise in pCO2 ,the HCO3 rises 2mmol/L

a. methanol

B. ethanol

c. ethylene glycol

d. acetone

e. chloral hydrate

a. acetzolamide

B. paraldehyde

c. iron

d. aspirin

e. carbon monoxide inhalation

a. respiratory acidosis

B. respiratory alkalosis

c. metabolic acidosis

d. metabolic alkalosis

e. none of the above

a. vomiting

B. diarrohea

c. loop diuretics

d. thiazide diuretics

e. corticosteroids