McqMate
101. |
Which of the following is not a para-neoplastic syndrome associated with lung carcinoma |
A. | ectopic ADH secretion |
B. | dermatomyositis |
C. | migratory thrombophlebitis |
D. | Eaton-Lambert (myasthenic) syndrome |
E. | thrombocytosis |
Answer» E. thrombocytosis |
102. |
Which of the following tumour is benign |
A. | chondrosarcoma |
B. | osteochondroma |
C. | chondroblastoma |
D. | Ewing’s tumour |
E. | none of the above |
Answer» B. osteochondroma |
103. |
Which of the following is not a feature of acute Crohn’s disease |
A. | segmental lesions |
B. | serosal involvement |
C. | fissures penetrating deep into the wall of affected mucosa |
D. | inflammatory pseudo-polyps |
E. | epithelioid granulomata |
Answer» D. inflammatory pseudo-polyps |
104. |
A 50-year old woman presents with back pain. X-rays suggest a malignant deposit in the 10th thoracic vertebra. The least likely primary site is |
A. | breast |
B. | ovary |
C. | thyroid |
D. | kidney |
E. | colon |
Answer» D. kidney |
105. |
Regarding haemorrhagic infarction of the brain, which of the following is not true |
A. | it usually results from an embolic event |
B. | it usually contains multiple petechial haemorrhages which may be confluent |
C. | the distinction between this and non haemorrhagic infarcts is clinically insignificant |
D. | the haemorrhages are presumed to be secondary to reperfusion injury |
E. | the size of it will depend in part upon the collateral blood supply to that area |
Answer» C. the distinction between this and non haemorrhagic infarcts is clinically insignificant |
106. |
The histological appearance of contraction brands in association with acute myocardial infarction indicate |
A. | previous old myocardial infarctions |
B. | early aneurysmal formation |
C. | compensatory responses to decreased myocardial contractility |
D. | a right ventricular infarct |
E. | recent reperfusion therapy |
Answer» E. recent reperfusion therapy |
107. |
After occlusion of a coronary artery |
A. | the ischaemia is most pronounced in the epicardial region |
B. | loss of contractility only occurs when ultra structural changes in the myocyte are present |
C. | reperfusion of the ischaemic area can result in new cellular damage, due to the generation of oxygen free radicals |
D. | Q waves on the ECG are diagnostic of transmural infarction |
E. | none of the above are true |
Answer» C. reperfusion of the ischaemic area can result in new cellular damage, due to the generation of oxygen free radicals |
108. |
With regard to aortic dissection, which is incorrect |
A. | it tends to occur in 40-60 year old men |
B. | approximately 90% of non-traumatic cases occur in patients with antecedent hypertension |
C. | it is usually associated with marked dilatation of the aorta |
D. | it is unusual in the presence of substantial atherosclerosis |
E. | it is usually caused by an intimal tear within 10cm of the aortic valve |
Answer» C. it is usually associated with marked dilatation of the aorta |
109. |
The most common site of origin of emboli causing cerebrovascular disease is |
A. | common carotid artery |
B. | internal carotid artery |
C. | the heart |
D. | either end of basilar artery |
E. | intracranial vessels |
Answer» C. the heart |
110. |
Which of the following is malignant |
A. | Squamous cell papilloma |
B. | Hydatidiform mole |
C. | Chondroma |
D. | Mature teratoma |
E. | Bronchial carcinoid |
Answer» E. Bronchial carcinoid |
111. |
Anaplasia is not characterised by |
A. | pleomorphism |
B. | Abundant nuclear DNA |
C. | A nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio of 1:6 |
D. | Coarsely clumped chromatin |
E. | Lack of differentiation |
Answer» C. A nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio of 1:6 |
112. |
All of the following are precancerous except |
A. | Chronic gastritis of pernicious anaemia |
B. | Solar keratosis |
C. | Crohn’s disease |
D. | Leukoplakia |
E. | Chronic ulcerative colitis |
Answer» C. Crohn’s disease |
113. |
Prothrombogenic factors include all of the following except |
A. | Platelet activating factor |
B. | Von Willebrand factor |
C. | Nitric oxide |
D. | Tissue factor |
E. | tPA inhibitor |
Answer» C. Nitric oxide |
114. |
In acute inflammation, all of the following are true except |
A. | there is contraction of endothelial cells |
B. | there is a mononuclear infiltrate |
C. | there is induction of adhesion molecules on endothelium |
D. | there is production of arachidonic acid metabolites |
E. | cytokines induce a systemic acute phase response |
Answer» B. there is a mononuclear infiltrate |
115. |
Cellular events in acute inflammation include all of the following except |
A. | redistribution of preformed adhesion molecules to the cell surface of leukocytes |
B. | adhesion and transmigration of leukocytes to endothelium |
C. | leukocyte activation |
D. | margination of macrophages to vessel walls |
E. | extracellular release of lysosomal enzymes and products of arachidonic acid metabolism |
Answer» D. margination of macrophages to vessel walls |
116. |
The factor conferring the most risk in thromboembolic disease is |
A. | smoking |
B. | atrial fibrillation |
C. | oral contraceptives |
D. | prolonged bed rest |
E. | late pregnancy / post delivery |
Answer» D. prolonged bed rest |
117. |
Systemic lupus erythematosus |
A. | has a female : male gender ratio of 2:1 |
B. | is characterised by antinuclear antibodies (ANAs) |
C. | rarely involves the kidney |
D. | is associated with a seronegative arthropathy causing marked joint erosion |
E. | is commonly fulminant with death in weeks to months |
Answer» B. is characterised by antinuclear antibodies (ANAs) |
118. |
The most common cause of Traveller’s diarrhoea is |
A. | Rotavirus |
B. | E.coli |
C. | Shigella |
D. | Salmonella |
E. | Giardia |
Answer» B. E.coli |
119. |
Iron deficiency anaemia features |
A. | a normal haematocrit |
B. | increased serum ferritin |
C. | normal mean red cell volume |
D. | low platelet count |
E. | none of the above |
Answer» E. none of the above |
120. |
Platelets |
A. | have a normal concentration range in peripheral blood of 80-100 x 103/mm3 |
B. | are important in haemostasis only |
C. | remain viable in stored blood for 24 hours only |
D. | normally are removed from the circulation almost entirely by the spleen |
E. | have an average lifespan of average 20 days |
Answer» C. remain viable in stored blood for 24 hours only |
121. |
In compensated heart failure |
A. | right atrial pressure drops |
B. | maximum cardiac output is unchanged |
C. | resting cardiac output is unchanged |
D. | renin level eventually drops below premorbid level |
E. | fluid retention plays no role |
Answer» C. resting cardiac output is unchanged |
122. |
Infective endocarditis |
A. | in the acute form, is most commonly caused by streptococci |
B. | involves abnormal valves in most acute cases |
C. | is confirmed by positive blood cultures in less than 50% of cases |
D. | may cause splenic infarction |
E. | may cause MacCallum’s plaques to form on affected valves |
Answer» D. may cause splenic infarction |
123. |
Cor Pulmonale may be caused by |
A. | congenital heart disease |
B. | mitral stenosis |
C. | left ventricular failure |
D. | primary pulmonary hypertension |
E. | aortic regurgitation |
Answer» D. primary pulmonary hypertension |
124. |
Regarding peptic ulceration |
A. | it occurs most commonly in the antrum of the stomach |
B. | it has a strong genetic influence |
C. | there is H. pylori infection of the mucosa in 50% of patients with duodenal ulceration |
D. | it is more frequent in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease |
E. | gastric acid is the only prerequisite for formation of ulcers |
Answer» D. it is more frequent in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease |
125. |
The features of bronchogenic carcinoma include |
A. | the classification of “oat cell” tumour within the large cell type |
B. | high initial response to chemotherapy for small cell type |
C. | the strongest correlation with cigarette smoking in the adenocarcinoma type |
D. | that 50% of small cell type occur in nonsmokers |
E. | histological features identical in small cell carcinomas and squamous cell types |
Answer» B. high initial response to chemotherapy for small cell type |
126. |
The major abnormalities of immune function in AIDS are characterised by |
A. | Inversion of the CD4-CD8 ratio |
B. | Increase in the number of memory T cells |
C. | Hypogammaglobulinaemia and decreased circulating immune complexes |
D. | Decreased secretion of TNF and IL-1 |
E. | All of the above |
Answer» A. Inversion of the CD4-CD8 ratio |
127. |
Regarding hypersensitivity reactions |
A. | In anaphylaxis, IgE is bound to mast cells by their Fab portions to release vasoactive amines |
B. | Goodpasture’s syndrome is an example of type III hypersensitivity reaction |
C. | Farmer’s lung is a type III reaction to micropolyspora species |
D. | Delayed hypersensitivity is mediated by macrophages |
E. | The Mantoux reaction is a form of contact hypersensitivity |
Answer» C. Farmer’s lung is a type III reaction to micropolyspora species |
128. |
Acute appendicitis |
A. | In preschool children, it usually presents with the so-called “classic” signs and symptoms |
B. | It is associated with appendiceal obstruction in 10% of cases |
C. | Histologically, it shows neutrophilic infiltration of the muscularis layer |
D. | The clinical diagnosis is falsely positive in about 50% of cases |
E. | It cannot cause liver abscesses |
Answer» C. Histologically, it shows neutrophilic infiltration of the muscularis layer |
129. |
Pneumocystis carinii |
A. | Produces pneumocystis pneumonia in normal persons |
B. | Causes a Ghon’s focus in the lung |
C. | Causes patchy atelectasis |
D. | Is a fungus |
E. | Attaches selectively to Type II alveolar cells |
Answer» D. Is a fungus |
130. |
Regarding septic shock |
A. | Endotoxin is the only cause |
B. | Marked vasoconstriction occurs in the non-infected tissue |
C. | Cardiac output is low in 75% of patients |
D. | Endotoxin entering the circulation causes an effect very similar to anaphylaxis |
E. | Blood viscosity is unchanged |
Answer» D. Endotoxin entering the circulation causes an effect very similar to anaphylaxis |
131. |
Acute pancreatitis |
A. | Is associated with increased serum amylase concentration without elevation in serum lipase concentration |
B. | Occurs most often in later life |
C. | Occurs in about 5% of patients with gallstones |
D. | When associated with alcohol is not usually preceded by chronic pancreatitis |
E. | Is often associated with hypercalcaemia |
Answer» C. Occurs in about 5% of patients with gallstones |
132. |
The acute nephritic syndrome has all of the following features except |
A. | Proteinuria |
B. | Haematuria |
C. | Hypertension |
D. | Hyaline casts |
E. | Oliguria |
Answer» D. Hyaline casts |
133. |
A young baby presents with jaundice, dark urine and pale stools. He is most likely to have |
A. | Physiologic jaundice of the newborn |
B. | Breast milk jaundice |
C. | Gilbert’s syndrome |
D. | Biliary atresia |
E. | None of the above |
Answer» D. Biliary atresia |
134. |
With regard to the leukocyte extravasation of the acute inflammatory response, which of the following is incorrect |
A. | ELAM-1 is a selectin found on endothelium |
B. | E and P-selectins bind to oligosaccharides found on neutrophils and monocytes |
C. | L-selectin is found on neutrophils, monocytes and lymphocytes |
D. | ICAM-1 belongs to the immunoglobulin family of molecules, and is found on leukocytes |
E. | VCAM-1 binds to integrins |
Answer» D. ICAM-1 belongs to the immunoglobulin family of molecules, and is found on leukocytes |
135. |
IgE mediated Type I hypersensitivity reactions require the action of which lymphocyte class |
A. | B only |
B. | CD8 T cells and B cells |
C. | Tµ2 T cells and B cells |
D. | Tµ1 T cells and B cells |
E. | Natural Killer cells and B cells |
Answer» C. Tµ2 T cells and B cells |
136. |
Thrombus formation is inhibited by |
A. | Von Willebrands factor |
B. | IL-1 |
C. | Alpha 2 macroglobulin |
D. | TNF |
E. | Endothelial cell injury |
Answer» C. Alpha 2 macroglobulin |
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