Pharmacological Principles solved MCQs

a. Atenolol

B. Diazepam

c. Gentamycin

d. Lithium

e. Theophylline

a. Digoxin

B. Imipramine

c. Lithium

d. Chloroquine

e. Trimethoprim

a. Theophylline

B. Diazepam

c. Aspirin

d. Lithium

e. Digoxin

a. Reduction

B. Acetylation

c. Glucuronidation

d. Methylation

e. Sulphate conjugation

a. Theophylline

B. Gentamycin

c. Digoxin

d. Lithium

e. Phenytoin

a. Insulin - glucagon

B. Protamine - heparin

c. Prednisone - glipizide

d. Morphine - naloxone

e. Phenoxybenzamine - prazosin

a. First order kinetics means rate of reaction is proportional to concentration

B. First order kinetics is more common than zero order kinetics

c. First order kinetics apply to exponential processes

d. First order kinetics generally apply to high plasma concentrations (>20 mg / 100 ml) of ethanol

e. First order kinetics result in steady state concentrations after multiple dosing.

a. The difference between the amount of drug absorbed and the amount excreted

B. The proportion of the drug in a formulation that is found in the systemic circulation

c. The AUC relating plasma concentration of drug to time after administration

d. Always identical with different formulations of the same drug

e. A measure of the rate of absorption of a drug

a. Diazepam

B. Theophylline

c. Phenytoin

d. Warfarin

e. Propranolol

a. 5 hours

B. 7 hours

c. 10 hours

d. 12.5 hours

e. 15 hours

a. Phase one reactions always precede phase two reactions

B. Skin is an organ involved in drug biotransformation

c. Water conjugation is a phase one reaction

d. CYP2D6 accounts for the majority of P450 activity

e. Epoxidation is phase two biotransformation

a. Insulin - G protein receptor

B. Mineralocorticoid - tyrosine kinase receptor

c. Vitamin D - intracellular receptor

d. Adrenaline - ligand gated channel receptor

e. Platelet derived growth factor - cytokine receptor

a. Reduction in creatinine clearance in 2/3 population

B. Decreased body fat

c. Increase body water

d. A greater reduction in conjugation compared with oxidation

e. A decreased absorption related to age alone

a. Conjugation with glucuronide

B. Oxidation

c. Reduction

d. Methylation

e. Cytochrome p450 dependent glutathione conjugation

a. 7.5 mg

B. 15 mg

c. 30 mg

d. 50 mg

e. 75 mg

a. Rifampicin

B. Ketoconazole

c. Phenobarbital

d. Griseofulvin

e. Phenytoin

a. Lithium

B. Phenytoin

c. Gentamycin

d. Heparin

e. ACE inhibitors

a. Diffusion is directly proportional to thickness and inversely proportional to surface area

B. LD50 - 50% of the dose that kills most people

c. Efficacy is the maximum response produced by a drug

d. A partial agonist is always less potent than a full agonist

e. EC50 = concentration of agonist that results in maximal response in 50% of patients

a. Concomitant treatment with phenobarbital

B. Use of these drugs by smokers

c. Use of antihistamines by persons of Asian background

d. A genetic predisposition to metabolise succinylcholine slowly

e. Treatment of these patients with ketoconazole

a. The half life is the time taken for a parameter to fall to 1/4 its original value

B. Partial agonists act at receptor sites to cause maximal pharmacological effect at high doses

c. Diazepam has a high extraction ratio and is thus subject to flow dependent elimination

d. Morphine and pethidine have the same potency

e. A patient with oedema will have an increased volume of distribution of tobramycin

a. Nortriptylline

B. Digoxin

c. Trimethoprim

d. Valproic acid

e. Lithium

a. Valproic acid

B. Trimethoprim

c. Digoxin

d. Diazepam

e. Lithium

a. Diazepam

B. Frusemide

c. Fluoxetine

d. Gentamicin

e. Warfarin

a. Aspirin

B. Imipramine

c. Digoxin

d. Propranolol

e. Chloroquine

a. 5 hours

B. 10 hours

c. 12.5 hours

d. 15 hours

e. 20 hours