510+ Total Quality Management (TQM) Solved MCQs

101.

In Six Sigma, a ______________ is defined as any process output that does not meet customer specifications

A. error
B. cost
C. quality
D. defect
Answer» D. defect
102.

–––––––– are the charts that identify potential causes for particular quality problems.

A. Control Chart
B. Flow chart
C. Cause and Effect Diagram
D. Pareto chart
Answer» C. Cause and Effect Diagram
103.

Production issues should be addressed early

A. correct (not sure)
B. correct to some extent
C. correct to great extent
D. incorrect
Answer» A. correct (not sure)
104.

QFD stands for ______________

A. Quantity for deployment
B. Quality for deployment
C. Quality function deployment
D. Quality for decision
Answer» C. Quality function deployment
105.

Reliability is the degree to which a unit of equipment performs its intended function under ______________ for ______________ of time.

A. specified conditions; specified period
B. any condition; specified period
C. specified conditions; all periods
D. any condition; any period
Answer» A. specified conditions; specified period
106.

Kaizen is a ______________ process, the purpose of which goes beyond simple productivity improvement.

A. weekly
B. daily
C. monthly
D. annual
Answer» B. daily
107.

At the time of making a purchase agreement with a vendor, what is important to mention about inspection?

A. the characteristics of the product that are to be inspected
B. the tolerances that would be allowed
C. the reputation of the vendor
D. a & b both (not sure)
Answer» D. a & b both (not sure)
108.

"Poka-yoke" is the Japanese term for ______________

A. Card
B. Fool proof
C. Continuous improvement
D. Fishbone diagram
Answer» B. Fool proof
109.

A fishbone diagram is also known as a .______________

A. cause-and-effect diagram
B. poka-yoke diagram
C. Kaizen diagram
D. Taguchi diagram
Answer» A. cause-and-effect diagram
110.

A maturity model can be used as a benchmark for comparison and as an aid to understanding

A. TRUE
B. FALSE
C. depends
D. can't say
Answer» A. TRUE
111.

Fourteen points framework for quality and productivity improvement was suggested by ______________

A. Crosby
B. Ishikawa
C. Deming
D. Juran
Answer» C. Deming
112.

Juran's Quality trilogy emphasizes the roles of quality planning, quality control and ______________

A. Quality Definition
B. Quality enhancement
C. Quality improvement
D. quality maintenance
Answer» C. Quality improvement
113.

Quality Circles members are ______________

A. Paid according to their contribution to quality
B. External consultants designed to provide training in the use of Quality tools
C. Always machine operators
D. None of the three.
Answer» D. None of the three.
114.

Costs of dissatisfaction, repair costs, and warranty costs are elements of cost in the ______________

A. Taguchi Loss Function
B. Pareto Chart
C. ISO 9000 Quality Cost Calculator
D. Process Chart
Answer» A. Taguchi Loss Function
115.

Kaizen is a Japanese term meaning ______________

A. continuous improvement
B. Just-in-time (JIT)
C. a fishbone diagram
D. setting standards
Answer» A. continuous improvement
116.

Establishing measurements based on customer needs for optimizing product design is known as ______________

A. Quality planning
B. quality improvement
C. quality control
D. Quality planning (Actual answer is Quality planning roadmap)
Answer» D. Quality planning (Actual answer is Quality planning roadmap)
117.

DMAIC is ______________

A. develop, multiply, analyze, improve, check
B. define, muliply, analyze, improve, control
C. define, measure, analyze, improve, control
D. define, manufacture, analyze, improve, control
Answer» C. define, measure, analyze, improve, control
118.

Quality fulfills a need or expectation that is:

A. Explicitly stated
B. Implied
C. Legally required
D. All of the above
Answer» D. All of the above
119.

The taste of burgers across all McDonald outlets should be same. This is an example of ______________.

A. Sensory critical to quality Characteristic
B. Physical critical to Quality Characteristic
C. Time Orientation critical to Quality Characteristic
D. None of the above
Answer» A. Sensory critical to quality Characteristic
120.

Check Sheet is used during ______________ stage of DMAIC.

A. Define
B. Measure
C. Analyze
D. Improve
Answer» B. Measure
121.

______________ is the set of activities that ensures the quality levels of products and services are properly maintained and that supplier and customer quality issues are properly resolved.

A. Quality Assurance
B. Quality Planning
C. Quality Control
D. Quality Management
Answer» A. Quality Assurance
122.

Presence of ______________ after every stage of DMAIC allows for review of project and incorporation of suggestions.

A. Review gate
B. Toll gate
C. Decision gate
D. None of the above
Answer» B. Toll gate
123.

The Toyota Production System is based on two pillars namely ______________ and ______________.

A. Kaizen, Six Sigma
B. Lean, Six Sigma
C. Just in Time, Jidoka
D. Just in Time, Kaizen
Answer» C. Just in Time, Jidoka
124.

Which of the following is not a target of Total Quality Management:

A. Customer Satisfaction
B. Reducing manpower
C. Continuous Cost Reduction
D. Continuous Operational Improvement
Answer» B. Reducing manpower
125.

Let there be a data set {200,201,202,203,204,205,206,207,208}. This data set can be represented using stem and leaf where the ______________ is 20 and the ______________ is {0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8}.

A. Stem, Leaf
B. Leaf, Stem
C. Tree, Stem
D. Tree, Leaf
Answer» A. Stem, Leaf
126.

A ______________ diagram shows the location of defects in any unit. This diagram is used in the analyze step of DMAIC.

A. Affinity
B. Relations
C. Defect Concentration
D. Scatter
Answer» C. Defect Concentration
127.

The ______________ is used to identify what might go wrong in a plan under development.

A. Pareto Chart
B. PDPC
C. Arrow Diagram
D. Matrix Diagram
Answer» B. PDPC
128.

The defect concentration diagram can be used in the ______________ stage of the DMAIC.

A. Define
B. Measure
C. Analyze
D. Improve
Answer» C. Analyze
129.

The taste of the burger can be categorized as good or bad This is an example of which type of data:

A. Variable
B. Attribute
C. Cannot be determined
D. None of the above
Answer» A. Variable
130.

For a given sample size (n) and number of defects acceptable ©, the Average Total Inspection (of units) should ______________ with increase in N (lot size).

A. Increase
B. Decrease
C. Remain Constant
D. None of the above
Answer» A. Increase
131.

The pattern of continuous movement in one direction in a control chart is termed as:

A. Mixture
B. Cyclic Pattern
C. Trend
D. Stratification
Answer» C. Trend
132.

Juran's quality management philosophy is based on three pillars namely planning, control and ______________.

A. Implementation
B. Improvement
C. Monitor
D. Design
Answer» B. Improvement
133.

For a point in the control chart to be out of control, it must lie

A. Above UCL or Below LCL
B. Between Central Line and LCL
C. Between Central Line and UCL
D. None of the above
Answer» A. Above UCL or Below LCL
134.

X bar should never be interpreted when:

A. R chart shows out of control points
B. X bar chart shows out of control points
C. The process mean is not known
D. None of the above
Answer» A. R chart shows out of control points
135.

The average run length can be defined as:

A. The beta risk for an x bar chart
B. The expected number of samples taken before any shift in process quality is detected
C. The number of samples used in the construction of x bar chart
D. The number of items per sample
Answer» B. The expected number of samples taken before any shift in process quality is detected
136.

Consider the first method of p bar estimation where each sample is of varying size. If the 3rd sample has p bar =.01, and the sample size of the 3rd sample is 10, what will be the upper control limit for the 3rd sample?

A. 0.5
B. 0.6
C. 0.1 ((p bar + 3∗ √p bar∗ (1-p bar)/n) is a measure of the upper control limit)
D. None of the above
Answer» C. 0.1 ((p bar + 3∗ √p bar∗ (1-p bar)/n) is a measure of the upper control limit)
137.

A major assumption for p chart is that all units produced are ______________.

A. Independent
B. Dependent
C. None of the above
D. Cannot be determined
Answer» A. Independent
138.

Apart from Poisson distribution, another distribution that can be applied to events data is:

A. Normal Distribution
B. Geometric Distribution
C. Lognormal Distribution
D. Continuous Distribution
Answer» B. Geometric Distribution
139.

Which of the following is not true regarding when to select a p, c or u chart?

A. The process is a complex assembly operation and product quality is measured in terms of the occurrence of nonconformities, successful or unsuccessful product function, and so forth.
B. Process control is necessary, but measurement data cannot be obtained.
C. A historical summary of process performance is necessary.
D. Destructive testing (or such other expensive testing procedures) is required.
Answer» D. Destructive testing (or such other expensive testing procedures) is required.
140.

The dimension of reliability is concerned with:

A. How easy it is to repair the product
B. How long does the product last
C. Will the product do the intended job
D. How often does the product fail
Answer» D. How often does the product fail
141.

From a consumer perspective quality is determined by ______________ while from a producers perspective quality is determined by ______________.

A. Variability, Cost
B. Cost, Price
C. Price, Cost
D. Cost, Variability
Answer» C. Price, Cost
142.

The probability distribution function corresponding to tossing of a coin will be a:

A. Probability Density function
B. Probability Mass function
C. Probability Measurement function
D. Probability Cumulative Function
Answer» B. Probability Mass function
143.

While the first generation of Six sigma focused on ______________, the third generation of six sigma focused on ______________.

A. Variability reduction, creating value
B. Variability reduction, improved business performance
C. Creating value, Improved business performance
D. None of the above
Answer» A. Variability reduction, creating value
144.

The standard normal distribution has mean= ______________ and standard deviation= ______________.

A. 1,0
B. 0,1
C. 0,0
D. 1,1
Answer» B. 0,1
145.

A ______________ chart can be used to identify the most frequently occurring defect.

A. Pareto
B. Ishikawa
C. Histogram
D. Scatter
Answer» A. Pareto
146.

The main aim of QFD is to

A. Listen to the voice of customer
B. Lower cost
C. Reduce errors
D. Reduce supplier defect
Answer» A. Listen to the voice of customer
147.

Average Total Inspection is defined as:

A. Average of rejected lots and accepted lots
B. Average number of units inspected per lot
C. Average of rejected Lots
D. Average of accepted Lots
Answer» B. Average number of units inspected per lot
148.

R charts are used for controlling ______________ of a process.

A. Central Tendency
B. Dispersion
C. None of the above
D. Both a and b
Answer» B. Dispersion
149.

If the Average outgoing Quality is plotted against the Incoming Fraction Defective, the Average Outgoing Quality Limit is the ______________ point.

A. Highest
B. Lowest
C. Middle
D. Cannot be determined
Answer» A. Highest
150.

For the above table, what is the value corresponding to the central line for the x bar chart?

A. 10.08
B. 10.05
C. 9.89
D. 9.78
Answer» A. 10.08
151.

The x bar chart monitors:

A. Between sample variability
B. Within sample variability
C. Instantaneous variability
D. Natural variability
Answer» A. Between sample variability
152.

In case someone is interested in process standard deviation, he should construct the ______________ chart.

A. X bar
B. R chart
C. S chart
D. None of the above
Answer» C. S chart
153.

If data for MR chat shows non-normality, it is better to determine the control limits for the individuals control chart based on the ______________ of the correct underlying distribution.

A. Percentage
B. Percentiles
C. Rank
D. Mean
Answer» B. Percentiles
154.

A sample of size 10 contains 50 non-conformities. The average number of non-conformities is:

A. 7
B. 4
C. 5 (50/10 i.e. total non-conformities/sample size)
D. 1
Answer» C. 5 (50/10 i.e. total non-conformities/sample size)
155.

When the number of defects is low, which of the following is true:

A. We should use c or u chart
B. Most samples will have non-zero defects
C. Create a time between occurrence control chart
D. None of the above
Answer» C. Create a time between occurrence control chart
156.

Bias reflects the:

A. The differences in observed accuracy and/or precision experienced over the range of measurements made by the system.
B. The difference between observed measurements and a "true" value obtained from a master or gold standard
C. Different levels of variability in different operating regimes, resulting from warm-up effects, environmental factors, inconsistent operator performance
D. None of the above
Answer» B. The difference between observed measurements and a "true" value obtained from a master or gold standard
157.

If variability of a product decreases, its quality ______________

A. remains unchanged
B. decreases
C. increases
D. may increase or decrease
Answer» C. increases
158.

The focal point of all quality control should be:

A. Price focus
B. Cost Focus
C. Customer Focus
D. Manufacturing Focus
Answer» C. Customer Focus
159.

The key process input variables (KPIV) and key process output variables are developed during the ______________ phase.

A. Define
B. Analyze
C. Measure
D. Improve
Answer» C. Measure
160.

An unbiased dice is rolled once. The probability of getting a number greater than 4 is:

A. ¼
B. 1/6
C. ½
D. 1/3
Answer» D. 1/3
161.

Which of the following statement is false:

A. Important step of strategic quality management is identification of those dimensions in which the organization will compete
B. Selection of suppliers should be based on quality, schedule, and cost, rather than on cost alone
C. All of the individuals in the organization must have an understanding of the basic tools of quality improvement
D. Manufacturing Unit should be the unit focusing on Quality Improvement among all units in an organization
Answer» D. Manufacturing Unit should be the unit focusing on Quality Improvement among all units in an organization
162.

Cause and Effect Diagram can be used in the ____ and ____ step of DMAIC.

A. Define, Measure
B. Analyze, Control
C. Analyze, Improve
D. Define, Improve
Answer» C. Analyze, Improve
163.

Which of the following is false regarding when acceptance sampling is useful:

A. When testing is destructive
B. When 100% inspection cost is very low
C. When there are potentially serious product liability risk
D. When 100% inspection is not technically feasible
Answer» B. When 100% inspection cost is very low
164.

Let p0 be the incoming fraction defective and p1 be the outgoing fraction defective (Assume both p1 and p0 is greater than 0). If rectifying inspection is performed then:

A. P0<p1
B. P1<p0
C. None of the above
D. Cannot be determined
Answer» B. P1<p0
165.

A company wants to measure the length of a fan as a part of its quality control exercise. The type of data collected will be:

A. Variable
B. Attribute
C. Cannot be determined
D. None of the above
Answer» B. Attribute
166.

If only ______________ causes of variation are present, the output of a process forms a distribution that is table over time and is predictable.

A. Assignable
B. Non-Random
C. Natural
D. Cannot be said
Answer» C. Natural
167.

For an x bar chart, β risk can be defined as:

A. The probability of detecting the shift in process mean from μo (in control value) to μ1
B. The probability of not detecting the shift in process mean from μ0 (in control value) to μ1
C. The probability of detecting the shift in process range from μ0 (in control value) to μ1
D. The probability of not detecting the shift in process range from μ0 (in control value) to μ1
Answer» B. The probability of not detecting the shift in process mean from μ0 (in control value) to μ1
168.

Consider that for a process s bar (average standard deviation of 50 samples each of size 4) is found to be 10.04. The value of c4 (corresponding to sample size of .4) is .92. What is the estimated value of process standard deviation?

A. 10.91 (s bar/ c4 is an unbiased estimator of standard deviation)
B. 11.89
C. 12.67
D. 9.67
Answer» A. 10.91 (s bar/ c4 is an unbiased estimator of standard deviation)
169.

The basic assumption of calculating the control limits based on average sample size (for a p chart) will ______________ from/as those previously observed.

A. Greatly differ
B. Will be exactly the same
C. Not greatly differ
D. None of the above
Answer» C. Not greatly differ
170.

The g chart is the control chart for:

A. Average number of events
B. Total number of events
C. Mean number of events
D. None of the above
Answer» B. Total number of events
171.

Attribute charts may be used when:

A. Several characteristics can be jointly measured
B. When one particular quality characteristic is of importance
C. Specific information like process mean is required
D. None of the above
Answer» A. Several characteristics can be jointly measured
172.

The thickness of the blade of a fan is specified to lie between 4 cm and 6 cm. The length of the blades must lie between 10 cm and 20 cm. A fan blade randomly selected from a sample of 100 blades has a thickness of 5cm and a length of 21cm. The number of defect(s) the blade has is ______________.

A. One
B. Two
C. There is no defect
D. Three
Answer» A. One
173.

The probability of getting a multiple of 2 on throwing a dice once is:

A. 1/6
B. ¼
C. ½
D. 1/3
Answer» A. 1/6
174.

Inspection of incoming/outgoing items is an example of ______________.

A. Prevention Cost
B. Appraisal Cost
C. Internal Failure Cost
D. External Failure Cost
Answer» B. Appraisal Cost
175.

Four basic characteristics of an optimal process are:

A. Economy, efficiency, control, quality
B. Quality, Improvement, efficiency, productivity
C. Economy, efficiency, productivity, cost
D. Economy, efficiency, productivity, quality
Answer» D. Economy, efficiency, productivity, quality
176.

______________ diagram is used for identifying potential relationship between two variables.

A. Pareto
B. Ishikawa
C. Histogram
D. Scatter
Answer» D. Scatter
177.

Lots for acceptance sampling should be ______________ and ______________.

A. Homogeneous, Large
B. Heterogeneous, Small
C. Homogeneous, Small
D. Heterogeneous, Large
Answer» A. Homogeneous, Large
178.

The roof of house of quality shows the interrelationship between:

A. Functional Requirements
B. Design Attributes
C. Service Process
D. Manufacturing Process
Answer» B. Design Attributes
179.

X bar charts are uses to control the ______________ of a process.

A. Dispersion
B. Central tendency
C. None of the above
D. Both a and b
Answer» B. Central tendency
180.

Given that for the three samples, the value of R bar is .66 and value of d2 corresponding to three is1.128, what is the estimated standard deviation?

A. .43
B. .67
C. .58
D. .75
Answer» C. .58
181.

Given L=3 and p=.03, estimate the sample size that can be used for construction of a p chart.

A. 534
B. 321
C. 123
D. 291 ((1-p)∗L2/p gives us an estimate of sample size)
Answer» D. 291 ((1-p)∗L2/p gives us an estimate of sample size)
182.

The chart used for tracking number non-conforming is:

A. P
B. Np
C. X bar
D. None of the above
Answer» B. Np
183.

For a c chart, the OC curve plots the ______________ against ______________.

A. Probability of Type 2 error, true mean number of defects
B. Probability of Type 1 error, true mean number of defects
C. Probability of Type 1 error, true total number of defects
D. Probability of Type 2 error, true total number of defects
Answer» A. Probability of Type 2 error, true mean number of defects
184.

Identification of customers and listening to the Voice of Customer (VoC) are a part of:

A. Quality Assurance
B. Quality Planning
C. Quality Control and Improvement
D. Quality Execution
Answer» B. Quality Planning
185.

Ease of repair is associated with ______________ dimension of quality.

A. Serviceability
B. Performance
C. Durability
D. Perceived Quality
Answer» A. Serviceability
186.

SIPOC diagram, used for understanding the flow in a process is used in ______________ stage of DMAIC.

A. Define
B. Measure
C. Analyze
D. Improve
Answer» A. Define
187.

Two major components of fitness of use are Quality of Design and ______________.

A. Quality of Conformance
B. Quality of Service
C. Quality of Specification
D. none
Answer» A. Quality of Conformance
188.

For new product development, the chosen methodology should be

A. DMADV
B. DMAIC
C. Structured Design Methodology
D. DMIE
Answer» A. DMADV
189.

In DMAIC, redesigning of process to either remove bottlenecks or to reduce waste takes place in the ______________ stage.

A. Define
B. Measure
C. Improve
D. Control
Answer» C. Improve
190.

The critical path method determines the ______________ path from the beginning to the end of the project.

A. Shortest
B. Quickest
C. Longest
D. Middle
Answer» C. Longest
191.

The Operating characteristic curve shows the relationship between the probability of acceptance (on y axis) and ______________ (on x axis).

A. Proportion defective
B. Proportion acceptable
C. Number of lots
D. Size of lot
Answer» A. Proportion defective
192.

In a double sampling plan, let d1 be the number of defects in the first sample and d2 be the number of defects in the second sample. Let c2 be the acceptance number for both samples. The condition for rejection is:

A. D1+d2<c2
B. D1+d2>c2
C. D1∗d2>c2
D. D1∗d2<c2
Answer» B. D1+d2>c2
193.

While random variability in a system can be removed by ______________, non-random variability requires ______________.

A. Operator or management action, Improvement in the system
B. Improvement in the system, operator or management action
C. Statistical Quality Control, Quality Checks
D. None of the above
Answer» B. Improvement in the system, operator or management action
194.

The concept of rational sub group means that subgroups or samples be selected such that if assignable causes are present the chances for differences between subgroups will be ______________.

A. minimized
B. maximized
C. neutralized
D. optimized
Answer» B. maximized
195.

Q-Q plot is used to check:/p>

A. Normality of the dataset
B. Number of defects
C. Process mean
D. Process standard deviation
Answer» A. Normality of the dataset
196.

The OC curve provides a measure of the ______________ of the control chart.

A. Sensitivity
B. Duality
C. none
D. none
Answer» A. Sensitivity
197.

Which of the following is not a type of attribute chart?

A. P chart
B. C chart
C. U char
D. X bar chart
Answer» D. X bar chart
198.

The thickness of aluminum sheet is specified to be of 6±2 mm. The Upper Specification Limit and Lower Specification Limit for the sheet are:

A. 4mm, 8mm
B. 8mm, 4mm
C. 6mm, 8mm
D. 4mm, 6mm
Answer» B. 8mm, 4mm
199.

Failure Mode and Effects Analysis, which prioritizes different sources of error, is used in ______________ stage.

A. Define
B. Measure
C. Improve
D. Analyze
Answer» D. Analyze
200.

In a six sigma improvement project the least experienced individuals are:

A. Green Belt
B. Black belts
C. Red Belts
D. Master Black Belts
Answer» A. Green Belt
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