460+ Modern Western Philosophy Solved MCQs

1.

---------- is considered as the father of modern philosophy

A. descartes
B. kant
C. hegel
D. plato
Answer» A. descartes
2.

According to, -------- experience is the only source of knowledge

A. rationalism
B. empiricism
C. idealism
D. none of these
Answer» B. empiricism
3.

Who has said that mind has innate ideas

A. spinoza
B. kant
C. descartes
D. hume
Answer» C. descartes
4.

‘Meditations’ is the work of------

A. kant
B. descartes
C. spinoza
D. all these
Answer» B. descartes
5.

Who among the following is a representative of Rationalism?

A. hegel
B. kant
C. leibniz
D. all these
Answer» C. leibniz
6.

Interactionism is the Mind body theory of --------

A. hume
B. berkeley
C. descartes
D. none of these
Answer» C. descartes
7.

Who among the following is not a German Philosopher?

A. kant
B. berkeley
C. hegel
D. none of these
Answer» B. berkeley
8.

------ is not a representative of Rationalism

A. kant
B. descartes
C. spinoza
D. all of these
Answer» A. kant
9.

John Locke is -----Philosopher

A. rationalist
B. empiricist
C. idealist
D. none of these
Answer» B. empiricist
10.

Generally the rise of modern Philosophy had been marked by----------

A. critical thinking
B. reflective spirit
C. revolt against authority
D. all these
Answer» D. all these
11.

Leibniz defines substance or monads as

A. physical object
B. active force
C. geometrical figure
D. none of these
Answer» B. active force
12.

As an empiricist, Locke claims that all our knowledge is derived either through sensation or

A. perception
B. reflection
C. thinking
D. none of the above
Answer» B. reflection
13.

Who among the following is a French Philosopher

A. kant
B. descartes
C. plato
D. aristotle
Answer» B. descartes
14.

Who introduced the concept ‘Cogito ergosum’

A. spinoza
B. leibniz
C. kant
D. descartes
Answer» D. descartes
15.

‘Monadology’ is the work of-------

A. kant
B. descartes
C. leibniz
D. hegel
Answer» C. leibniz
16.

Who among the following is a German philosopher

A. plato
B. spinoza
C. kant
D. none of these
Answer» C. kant
17.

------------ is an Idealist philosopher

A. spinoza
B. locke
C. kant
D. none of these
Answer» C. kant
18.

Whose ideal is ‘Real is Rational, Rational isReal’

A. descartes
B. kant
C. locke
D. hegel
Answer» D. hegel
19.

Who among the following propounded the theory of Psycho physicalparallelism

A. descartes
B. leibniz
C. spinoza
D. none of these
Answer» C. spinoza
20.

------ developed his philosophy on the foundation laid byFichte

A. descartes
B. hegel
C. aristotle
D. none of these
Answer» B. hegel
21.

Who is considered as the founder of Rationalism

A. hume
B. berkeley
C. descartes
D. none of these
Answer» C. descartes
22.

Which one of the following is not a work of Kant?

A. critique of practical reason
B. critique of pure reason
C. meditations
D. none
Answer» C. meditations
23.

Who among the following is the author of ‘Monadology’

A. spinoza
B. descartes
C. hume
D. none of these
Answer» D. none of these
24.

According to Descartes-----------as an absolute substance

A. mind
B. soul
C. god
D. none of these
Answer» C. god
25.

The rationalism of--------is heightened by Spinoza

A. hume
B. berkeley
C. descartes
D. none of these
Answer» C. descartes
26.

--- recognizes mind and matter as relative substances which are created by God

A. kant
B. descartes
C. leibniz
D. hegel
Answer» B. descartes
27.

----- believes that there are no innate ideas in the mind

A. plato
B. spinoza
C. kant
D. locke
Answer» D. locke
28.

Who among the following is obsessed with the intellectual love of God?

A. spinoza
B. leibniz
C. kant
D. descartes
Answer» A. spinoza
29.

Who said ‘substance is a product of human imagination’

A. spinoza
B. descartes
C. locke
D. hume
Answer» D. hume
30.

-------suggests that the idea of substance is a complexidea

A. spinoza
B. berkeley
C. hume
D. locke
Answer» D. locke
31.

According to ---------- , only mind and their ideas exist

A. hume
B. leibniz
C. spinoza
D. berkeley
Answer» D. berkeley
32.

According to ----- God is an absolute substance

A. kant
B. descartes
C. plato
D. none of these
Answer» B. descartes
33.

’Ethics’ is the work of ---------

A. descartes
B. leibniz
C. spinoza
D. hegel
Answer» C. spinoza
34.

Berkeley rejects Locke’s distinction between primary and secondary qualities because:

A. all qualities are subjective
B. only secondary qualities are subjective
C. qualities are created by god
D. qualities in here in substance
Answer» A. all qualities are subjective
35.

For Descartes, the idea of soul

A. is not related to reason
B. is identical with reason
C. contradicts reason
D. does not contradict reason
Answer» A. is not related to reason
36.

According to Kant belief in God is:

A. accidental to ethics
B. totally irrelevant to ethics
C. contingent to ethics
D. a presupposition of ethics
Answer» D. a presupposition of ethics
37.

For Descartes the proposition ‘I think’ is self-verifying because

A. it is a necessary truth.
B. it is a logical truth.
C. doubting it confirms it.
D. thinking is my essence.
Answer» C. doubting it confirms it.
38.

The primary aim of Descartes is

A. to explain the relation between body and mind.
B. to prove the existence of god.
C. to refute the reality of the external world.
D. to reach clear and certain knowledge.
Answer» D. to reach clear and certain knowledge.
39.

Who called God as Natura Naturata?

A. locke
B. kant
C. spinoza
D. hume
Answer» C. spinoza
40.

Who said that ‘Reason must approach nature not as a pupil, but as a judge’?

A. kant
B. locke
C. hegel
D. spinoza
Answer» A. kant
41.

According to Kant _________ the proper objects of faith

A. phenomena
B. noumena
C. both phenomena and noumena
D. neither
Answer» B. noumena
42.

Which one of the following is not the work of Immanuel Kant?

A. critique of pure reason
B. foundations of metaphysics of morals
C. critique of practical reason
D. the phenomenology of spirit
Answer» D. the phenomenology of spirit
43.

Who highlighted the problem of personal identity first in modern western philosophy?

A. berkeley
B. locke
C. spinoza
D. descartes
Answer» B. locke
44.

The concept of categories was advocated by :

A. kant
B. kant and aristotle
C. kant and locke
D. kant and berkeley
Answer» B. kant and aristotle
45.

Who among the following held that space and time are apriori percepts ?

A. pythagoras
B. spinoza
C. kant
D. hegel
Answer» C. kant
46.

According to Descartes, the idea of God is -------

A. finite
B. fictitious
C. innate
D. none of these
Answer» C. innate
47.

According to Descartes, the infinite substance stands related to finite substance as ----- to -----

A. universal, particular
B. many, one
C. one, particular
D. none of these
Answer» C. one, particular
48.

Who has said that the mind has innate ideas

A. hume
B. berkeley
C. leibniz
D. none of these
Answer» D. none of these
49.

The secondary properties of substance are known as

A. attributes
B. modes
C. relative property
D. none of these
Answer» B. modes
50.

Spinoza claims that the things which make up the world related to God as the properties of ------ to its concepts

A. quality
B. theorem
C. geometrical figure
D. none of these
Answer» C. geometrical figure
51.

Who introduced the term ‘natura naturata’

A. spinoza
B. leibniz
C. kant
D. descartes
Answer» A. spinoza
52.

------ is not an Idealist

A. hegel
B. kant
C. leibniz
D. all these
Answer» C. leibniz
53.

Who advocated the theory of Pre-established Harmony?

A. descartes
B. leibniz
C. spinoza
D. hegel
Answer» B. leibniz
54.

Berkeley belongs to ------------school

A. rationalism
B. empiricism
C. idealism
D. none of these
Answer» B. empiricism
55.

Who among the following is not an empiricist

A. leibniz
B. hume
C. locke
D. berkeley
Answer» A. leibniz
56.

Tabula rasa refers to--------

A. empty cabinet
B. subtle emotion
C. knowledge
D. none of these
Answer» A. empty cabinet
57.

According to Locke, which one of the following is a secondary quality

A. solidity
B. colour
C. extension
D. none of these
Answer» B. colour
58.

The subject matter of Kant’s Rational Psychology is

A. the idea of world
B. the idea of god
C. unity of self
D. none of
Answer» C. unity of self
59.

Who among the following is an empiricist philosopher

A. leibniz
B. spinoza
C. hume
D. none of these
Answer» C. hume
60.

------ admits innumerable monads or spiritual atoms

A. hegel
B. kant
C. leibniz
D. all these
Answer» C. leibniz
61.

In Transcendental aesthetic, Kant discusses the theory of-----

A. morality
B. existence of god
C. space and time
D. none of these
Answer» C. space and time
62.

----------- viewed the universe pantheistically as a single infinite substance God

A. leibniz
B. hume
C. spinoza
D. none of these
Answer» C. spinoza
63.

------- thinks that substance is to be defined by active force

A. berkeley
B. leibniz
C. hume
D. none of these
Answer» B. leibniz
64.

According to Locke, Colour is a -----

A. primary quality
B. secondary quality
C. both
D. none of these
Answer» B. secondary quality
65.

Absolute Idealism is conceived as the philosophy of ------

A. kant
B. berkeley
C. hegel
D. none of these
Answer» C. hegel
66.

Psycho physical parallelism is propounded by -------

A. hume
B. kant
C. hegel
D. none of these
Answer» D. none of these
67.

----- is not an Idealist philosopher

A. kant
B. berkeley
C. hegel
D. none of these
Answer» B. berkeley
68.

‘Geist’ is the key notion of -----

A. hume
B. kant
C. hegel
D. none of these
Answer» C. hegel
69.

Kant and Hegel belong to ------- school

A. empiricism
B. rationalism
C. idealism
D. none of these
Answer» C. idealism
70.

Who defines an idea as ‘whatever is meant by phantasm, notion, species, or whatever it is which the mind can be employed about in thinking'.

A. hume
B. locke
C. kant
D. hegel
Answer» B. locke
71.

Which among the following is not the group of categories of understanding fewer than four heads according to Kant?

A. quality, spirit, modality and matter
B. quantity, quality, relation and modality
C. substance, matter, spirit and quality
D. relation, spirit, substance and quantity
Answer» B. quantity, quality, relation and modality
72.

Descartes’ assertion, ‘I have an idea of a most perfect being’, is a premise in his

A. cosmological argument
B. ontological argument
C. argument from design
D. cosmological and ontological argument both
Answer» B. ontological argument
73.

Descartes is considered as the founder of----------

A. empiricism
B. rationalism
C. idealism
D. none of these
Answer» B. rationalism
74.

Descartes is a----------------Philosopher

A. greek
B. french
C. german
D. american
Answer» B. french
75.

Cogito ergo sum is a key concept in the philosophy of----------

A. leibniz
B. spinoza
C. descartes
D. none of these
Answer» C. descartes
76.

------- are the affections or modifications of substance

A. modes
B. god
C. attributes
D. none of these
Answer» A. modes
77.

The term ‘naturanaturans’ is introduced by-------

A. leibniz
B. spinoza
C. descartes
D. kant
Answer» B. spinoza
78.

Whose philosophy is conceived as Absolute Idealism

A. kant
B. hegel
C. descartes
D. spinoza
Answer» B. hegel
79.

Who wrote ‘An Essay concerning human Understanding’

A. spinoza
B. descartes
C. locke
D. none of these
Answer» C. locke
80.

Descartes and Spinoza belong to ------------school

A. empiricism
B. rationalism
C. idealism
D. none of these
Answer» B. rationalism
81.

Which among the following is the work of Spinoza?

A. meditations
B. ethics
C. critique of pure reason
D. none of these
Answer» B. ethics
82.

Who among the following is a Rationalist Philosopher?

A. berkeley
B. leibniz
C. hume
D. none of these
Answer» B. leibniz
83.

Hegel’s philosophy is generally conceived as--------

A. idealistic
B. absolute idealism
C. rationalism
D. none of these
Answer» B. absolute idealism
84.

According to -------, matter is an Abstract idea

A. hume
B. leibniz
C. spinoza
D. berkeley
Answer» D. berkeley
85.

---------- is a rationalist

A. spinoza
B. berkeley
C. hume
D. kant
Answer» A. spinoza
86.

Immanuel Kant belongs to----

A. empiricism
B. rationalism
C. idealism
D. none of these
Answer» C. idealism
87.

-------- is considered as the Subjective Idealist

A. locke
B. kant
C. spinoza
D. berkeley
Answer» D. berkeley
88.

Transcendental method is adopted by -----

A. hume
B. kant
C. hegel
D. berkeley
Answer» B. kant
89.

--------------is a solution to mind- body problem

A. categories
B. interactionism
C. dualism
D. abstraction
Answer» B. interactionism
90.

The subject matter of Kant’s Rational theology is-----

A. the idea of god
B. unity of self
C. the idea of world
D. none of these
Answer» A. the idea of god
91.

According to ---------- , Colour is a secondary quality

A. kant
B. locke
C. descartes
D. none of these
Answer» B. locke
92.

According to Kant -----------judgments are always aposteriori

A. analytical
B. synthetic
C. ethical
D. none of these
Answer» B. synthetic
93.

----- took mathematics as the model of his philosophical method

A. socrates
B. aristotle
C. descartes
D. locke
Answer» C. descartes
94.

The subject matter of Kant’s Rational cosmology is----------

A. unity of self
B. the idea of god
C. the idea of one world
D. all these
Answer» C. the idea of one world
95.

Spinoza treats the soul as

A. a sum of ideas
B. god
C. infinite attributes
D. none of these
Answer» C. infinite attributes
96.

-------- claims that substance is the aggregate of qualities

A. hume
B. locke
C. kant
D. hegel
Answer» B. locke
97.

Who among the following rejected matter as an abstract idea

A. hume
B. berkeley
C. descartes
D. none of these
Answer» B. berkeley
98.

According to Kant, the ideas of ‘reason’ are ----

A. regulative and constitutive
B. affirmative and negative
C. negative and probable
D. constitutive and regulative
Answer» D. constitutive and regulative
99.

According to Kant, moral duty is -----

A. a command of god
B. given by one’s intuition
C. the imperative of pure reason
D. determined by morality
Answer» C. the imperative of pure reason
100.

According to whom ‘to start with, mind is a clean state’?

A. plato
B. descartes
C. spinoza
D. locke
Answer» D. locke
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