80+ Indian Epistemology Solved MCQs

1.

Philosophical knowledge does not aim to satisfying our theoretical interest, but also to

A. realizing god
B. realizing perfect good in life
C. realizing the highest truth in life.
D. none of these
Answer» C. realizing the highest truth in life.
2.

The Jaina theory of epistemology is known as _________Vada.

A. syad
B. anekanta
C. khyati
D. nairatmya
Answer» A. syad
3.

According to Mimamsa, ________ is the most important Pramana.

A. pratyaksa
B. upamana
C. anumana
D. sabda
Answer» D. sabda
4.

The only pramana accepted by the Carvakas is _________.

A. testimony
B. inference
C. comparison
D. perception
Answer» D. perception
5.

Anupalabdi as a valid source of knowledge is accepted by __________.

A. kumarila
B. prabhakara
C. gotama
D. kanada
Answer» A. kumarila
6.

Mimamsa literally means………

A. revered thought
B. knowledge
C. argumentation
D. reasoning
Answer» A. revered thought
7.

According to Jainism, _________ is considered as the unlimited and absolute knowledge.

A. manahparyaya
B. kevelajnana
C. aparoksajnana
D. avadhi-jnana
Answer» B. kevelajnana
8.

Nyaya theory of error is known as _________.

A. viparita-khyati
B. anyata- khyati
C. akhyati
D. anirvacaniya-khyati
Answer» B. anyata- khyati
9.

The Nyaya recognizes only _________ members of a syllogism.

A. five
B. four
C. three
D. six
Answer» A. five
10.

Nyaya accepts ________number of pramanas or the valid source of knowledge.

A. three
B. six
C. five
D. four
Answer» D. four
11.

The knowledge based on the reliable statement of scripture is known as __________.

A. perception
B. inference
C. testimony
D. coparison
Answer» C. testimony
12.

_________ means non-cognition.

A. anumana
B. pratyaksha
C. anupalabdhi
D. all these
Answer» C. anupalabdhi
13.

Arthapatti refers to ________.

A. perception
B. inference
C. testimony
D. presumption
Answer» D. presumption
14.

Nyaya maintains the theory of ____________.

A. paratahpramanyavada
B. svatahpramanyavada
C. intrinsic validity of knowledge
D. none of the above
Answer» A. paratahpramanyavada
15.

The Nyaya category of Hetvbhasa refers to __________.

A. instances
B. fallacious reasons
C. purpose
D. none of these
Answer» B. fallacious reasons
16.

The epistemological doctrine of the…………… school is that perception (pratyaksa) is the only means of valid knowledge.

A. carvaka
B. budhism
C. jainism
D. nyaya
Answer» A. carvaka
17.

The validity even of inference is rejected by…….

A. chärväka
B. budhism
C. jainism
D. nyaya
Answer» A. chärväka
18.

Vyapti is the nerve of all inference. But the ………….. School challenges this universal and invariable relationship of concomitance.

A. carvaka
B. budhism
C. jainism
D. nyaya
Answer» A. carvaka
19.

The Jainas classify knowledge into……………. and ……………

A. internal and external
B. mediate and immediate
C. mathi and shrutha
D. none of the
Answer» B. mediate and immediate
20.

In Jainism mediate knowledge again divided into

A. mathi and shrutha
B. manahparyäya and kevala
C. avadhi and manahparyäya
D. none of the above
Answer» A. mathi and shrutha
21.

In jainism, immediate knowledge is divided into

A. avadhi, manahparyäya and kevala
B. mathi and shrutha
C. manahparyaya and kevala
D. none of the above
Answer» A. avadhi, manahparyäya and kevala
22.

Shruta means knowledge derived from……………

A. authority
B. perception
C. inference
D. none of the above
Answer» A. authority
23.

Avadhi-jnäna, Manah- paryaya-jnäna and Kevala-jnana, are the three kinds of immediate knowledge which may be called as…………..

A. extra-ordinary perception
B. sensory perceptions
C. immidiate perception
D. none of the above
Answer» A. extra-ordinary perception
24.

Jainism explains…….. Kinds of wrong knowledge

A. two
B. three
C. four
D. none of the above
Answer» B. three
25.

………….means a standpoint of thought from which we make a statement about a thing.

A. naya
B. shruta
C. kevala
D. none of the above
Answer» A. naya
26.

Partial knowledge of one of the innumerable aspects of a thing is called.

A. naya
B. shruta
C. kevala
D. none of the above
Answer» A. naya
27.

Judgment based on the partial knowledge is also known as.

A. naya
B. shruta
C. kevala
D. none of the above
Answer» A. naya
28.

There are …………. kinds of Nayas.

A. five
B. seven
C. eight
D. three
Answer» B. seven
29.

Among the Nayavada, first four are called……………..

A. artha-naya
B. shabda-naya
C. nayabhasa
D. evambhutanaya
Answer» A. artha-naya
30.

Among the seven nayas the last three are called…………….

A. artha-naya
B. shabda-naya
C. nayabhasa
D. evambhutanaya
Answer» B. shabda-naya
31.

…………. Nayas are relate to words.

A. artha-naya
B. shabda-naya
C. nayabhasa
D. evambhutanaya
Answer» B. shabda-naya
32.

………… nayas are relate to objects or meanings.

A. artha-naya
B. shabda-naya
C. evambhuta
D. none of the above
Answer» A. artha-naya
33.

When taken as absolute, a ‘naya’ becomes a……………

A. artha-naya
B. shabda-naya
C. nayabhasa
D. none of the above
Answer» C. nayabhasa
34.

The standpoint we look at a thing as having both universal and particular qualities and we do not distinguish between them is known as………………..

A. artha-naya
B. shabda-naya
C. sangrhanaya
D. naigama-naya
Answer» D. naigama-naya
35.

The standpoint in which we emphasize the universal qualities and ignore the particulars where they are manifested is known as

A. sangraha-naya
B. shabda-naya
C. nayäbhäsa
D. naigama-naya
Answer» A. sangraha-naya
36.

The standpoint in which the real is identified with the momentary is…………..

A. vyavahära-naya
B. shabda-naya
C. nayäbhäsa
D. rjusütra-naya
Answer» D. rjusütra-naya
37.

According to ……………. naya, a name should be applied to an object only when its meaning is fulfilled.

A. vyavahära-naya
B. shabda-naya
C. samabhiruda-naya
D. evambhuta-naya
Answer» D. evambhuta-naya
38.

In ‘Rjusütra-naya the real is identified with the…………….

A. consistency
B. momentary
C. absolute
D. none of these
Answer» B. momentary
39.

…………is the theory of Relativity of knowledge.

A. nayabhasa
B. anekanta
C. syadvada
D. nayavada
Answer» C. syadvada
40.

According to Jainism we can know an object in three ways such as ………, naya and pramana.

A. vyavrty
B. durniti
C. nayabhasa
D. hetvabhasa
Answer» B. durniti
41.

According to Jainism mistaking a partial truth for the whole and the absolute truth is called …………

A. abhava
B. error
C. ‘durniti’
D. syad
Answer» C. ‘durniti’
42.

According to Jainism, Syät is said to be the symbol of…………..

A. validity
B. argument
C. logic
D. truth
Answer» D. truth
43.

Who is the author of Padarthadharmasahgraha?

A. vallabha
B. parswanatha
C. prasasthapada
D. gangesa
Answer» C. prasasthapada
44.

………..system is predominantly intellectual, analytic, logical and epistemological.

A. jainism
B. nyaya
C. advaita
D. sankhya
Answer» B. nyaya
45.

Nyaya system accepts …………. types of valid means of knowledge.

A. one
B. two
C. three
D. four
Answer» D. four
46.

Vaishesika recognizes only two Pramänas, namely, perception and……….

A. comparison
B. inference
C. verbal testimony
D. implication
Answer» B. inference
47.

Nyaya tradtion defines………… as the right apprehension of an object

A. valid knowledge
B. invalid knowledge
C. cognition
D. none of these
Answer» A. valid knowledge
48.

According to Nyaya……….is not valid because it is not presentative cognition

A. sruti
B. smriti
C. anubhava
D. prama
Answer» B. smriti
49.

Nyaya system says that, Perception is ‘unassociated with a name’ which means…………

A. determinate
B. ordinary
C. indeterminate
D. extra-ordinary
Answer» C. indeterminate
50.

According to Naiyayikas, the perception which is ‘well-defined’ is known as………..

A. determinate
B. indeterminate
C. ordinary
D. extra-ordinary.
Answer» A. determinate
51.

According to Naiyayikas, all perception we have is

A. determinate
B. indeterminate
C. ordinary
D. extra-ordinary
Answer» A. determinate
52.

Bare sensation or simple apprehension is

A. savikalpaka perception
B. nirvikalpaka perception
C. laukika perception
D. alaukika perception
Answer» B. nirvikalpaka perception
53.

Perceptual judgment or relational apprehension is

A. savikalpaka perception
B. nirvikalpaka perception
C. laukika perception
D. alaukika perception
Answer» A. savikalpaka perception
54.

………… perception is the direct sense-experience which is undifferentiated and non-relational and is free from assimilation, discrimination, analysis and synthesis.

A. savikalpaka perception
B. nirvikalpaka perception
C. laukika perception
D. alaukika perception
Answer» B. nirvikalpaka perception
55.

The clear perception of a thing together with its attributes is………….

A. determinate
B. indeterminate
C. ordinary
D. extra-ordinary.
Answer» A. determinate
56.

According to Nyäya, the universals are a distinct class of reals. This is known as……… perception.

A. jnanalaksana
B. samanyalaksana
C. yogaja
D. manasa
Answer» B. samanyalaksana
57.

The theory of illusion accepted by Nyaya is based on………… kind of perception.

A. jnanalaksana
B. samanyalaksana
C. yogaja
D. manasa
Answer» A. jnanalaksana
58.

The presence of the middle term in the minor term is called …………..

A. paramarsa
B. hetvabhasa
C. vyapti
D. paksadharmata.
Answer» D. paksadharmata.
59.

The invariable association of the middle term with the major term is called ……….

A. paramarsa
B. hetvabhasa
C. vyapti
D. paksadharmata
Answer» C. vyapti
60.

In the ………inference we do not require the formal statement of the different members of inference.

A. sadharana
B. asadharana
C. svartha
D. parartha
Answer» C. svartha
61.

There are ………….. Members in the Nyäya syllogism.

A. three
B. five
C. seven
D. nine
Answer» B. five
62.

The methods of induction by which universal causal relationship is established may be………

A. anvaya
B. vyatireka
C. anvaya and vyatireka
D. anvaya, vyatireka or both.
Answer» D. anvaya, vyatireka or both.
63.

We have ………… inference when the middle term is both positively and negatively related to the major term.

A. kevalavyatireki
B. anvayavyatireki
C. kevalanvayi
D. samanyadodrshta
Answer» B. anvayavyatireki
64.

In ……….the minor term is not unreal, but the middle term cannot by its very nature be present in the minor term.

A. asrayasiddha
B. svarupasidhha
C. vyapyatvasiddha
D. asiddha
Answer» B. svarupasidhha
65.

‘The middle term, instead of being pervaded by the presence of the major term, is pervaded by the absence of the major term’. This is known as…………

A. asiddha
B. satpratipaksa
C. badhita
D. viruddha
Answer» D. viruddha
66.

…………… is defined as the knowledge of the relation between a word and its denotation.

A. perception
B. inference
C. comparison
D. verbal testimony
Answer» C. comparison
67.

According to …………. a sentence is defined as a collection of words and a word is defined as that which is potent to convey its meaning.

A. perception
B. inference
C. comparison
D. verbal testimony
Answer» D. verbal testimony
68.

The …………. testimony is perfect and infallible because the Vedas are spoken by God.

A. daivika
B. vaidika
C. vakyartha
D. laukika
Answer» B. vaidika
69.

In order to be intelligible a sentence must conform to the conditions such as,………..

A. akanksa, yogaja, sannidhi and tatparya
B. akanksa, yogyata, sannidhi and tatparya.
C. akanksa, yogaja, samadhi and tatparya
D. akanksa, yogyata, samadhi and tatparya
Answer» B. akanksa, yogyata, sannidhi and tatparya.
70.

Purva Mïmamsâ regards the …………… as eternal and authorless and of infallible authority.

A. aptavakya
B. god
C. smriti
D. veda
Answer» D. veda
71.

Both Prabhakara and Kumarila recognize two kinds of knowledge, namely, ……………. and ……………

A. ordinary and extra-ordinary
B. immediate and mediate.
C. absolute and transcendental
D. real and ideal
Answer» B. immediate and mediate.
72.

The method of inference is explained as consisting of three parts: pratijna, hetu, and………..

A. udaharana
B. upanaya
C. drshtanta
D. dodrshta
Answer» C. drshtanta
73.

The knowledge of ………….. is distinguished from inference because the vyäpti or the invariable concomitance is not needed here.

A. similarity
B. implication
C. perception
D. abhava
Answer» A. similarity
74.

Kumarila admits the distinction between existential and injunctive propositions and limits the scope of the Veda to the………….

A. vaidika vakya
B. aptavakya
C. siddhartha vâkya
D. vidhayaka vakya
Answer» D. vidhayaka vakya
75.

The so-called assertive propositions in the Veda are authoritative only when they help persons to perform their duties is known as………….

A. abhihitanvayavada
B. anvitabhidhanavada
C. apohavada
D. nayavada
Answer» B. anvitabhidhanavada
76.

A…………… is regarded as an articulated sound.

A. varna
B. shabda
C. dhvani
D. pada
Answer» A. varna
77.

When a varna is pronounced or written in ten different ways, there are not ten different varnas, but only ten different manifestations of the same ………….

A. varna.
B. shabda
C. dhvani
D. pada
Answer» A. varna.
78.

The conventional element in language is……….. and helps the manifestation of the eternal words and their meanings.

A. absolute
B. transcendental
C. primary
D. secondary
Answer» D. secondary
79.

According to Sankara, cognitions are regarded as modifications of the ………in which the pure spirit is reflected.

A. maya
B. inner sense
C. superimposition
D. brahman
Answer» B. inner sense
80.

………….. alone is considered to be a pramana which gives rise to Brahman-knowledge and all other pramana deal with the material world.

A. upamana
B. shabda
C. arthapatti
D. anupalabdhi
Answer» B. shabda
81.

The pervasion of ………….removes the veil of ignorance and the pervasion of reflected consciousness illumines the object.

A. chitta
B. klesa
C. chittabhumi
D. vritti
Answer» D. vritti
82.

The identity statements, according to Advaita, reveals the identity meaning by the application of ………………..implication.

A. exclusive
B. inclusive
C. exclusive-inclusive
D. abstract
Answer» C. exclusive-inclusive
83.

…………….. means that the middle term appears to be a reason but is not a valid reason.

A. a. Nayabhas
B. hetvabhasa
C. visayabhasa
D. avayavas
Answer» B. hetvabhasa
84.

Upamana is knowledge derived from comparison and roughly corresponds to ………….

A. implication
B. non-perception
C. analogy
D. assumption
Answer» C. analogy
85.

The Nyaya tradition reduced the……………… to inference.

A. implication
B. non-perception
C. analogy
D. assumption
Answer» A. implication
86.

The word……………. literally means 'revered thought' and was originally applied to the Interpretation of the Vedic rituals which commanded highest reverence.

A. darsana
B. nyaya
C. yoga
D. mimamsa
Answer» D. mimamsa
87.

Jaimini admits three pramanas, such as, perception, inference and…………..

A. comparison
B. testimony
C. implication
D. non- apprehension
Answer» B. testimony
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