130+ Foundation of Sociological Theory Solved MCQs

1.

Sociology as a separate discipline was emerged primarily out of -----------

A. russian revolution
B. enlightenment thought
C. classical thought
D. social philosophy
Answer» B. enlightenment thought
2.

In which year did the French revolution take place?

A. 1789
B. 1769
C. 1787
D. 1798
Answer» A. 1789
3.

When did Industrial revolution take place?

A. 16th century
B. 17th century
C. 18th century
D. 19th century
Answer» C. 18th century
4.

As a result of ---- the aristocrats lost their power and wealth and bourgeoisie came into power

A. scientific thought
B. french revolution
C. industrial revolution
D. globalization
Answer» B. french revolution
5.

---------- paved way for the destruction of feudal system and emergence of modern capitalism

A. scientific thought
B. french revolution
C. industrial revolution
D. globalization
Answer» C. industrial revolution
6.

What was the major factor that led to French revolution?

A. enlightenment
B. industrial revolution
C. positive philosophy
D. estate system
Answer» A. enlightenment
7.

The hierarchical system existed in France at the time of French revolution

A. class system
B. caste system
C. estate system
D. egalitarianism
Answer» C. estate system
8.

Which was the first estate prevailing in France during French revolution?

A. clergy
B. nobles
C. serfs
D. labourers
Answer» A. clergy
9.

Which was the second estate prevailing in France during French revolution?

A. clergy
B. nobles
C. serfs
D. labourers
Answer» B. nobles
10.

Which was the third estate prevailing in France during French revolution?

A. clergy
B. nobles
C. serfs
D. labourers
Answer» C. serfs
11.

The third estate of the estate system in France consisted of ----- percent of the French population

A. 20 percent
B. 75 percent
C. 50 percent
D. 96 percent
Answer» D. 96 percent
12.

The first estate in France held its supremacy through the power of church

A. clergy
B. nobles
C. serfs
D. labourers
Answer» A. clergy
13.

The period of enlightenment is also known as

A. age of darkness
B. age of reasoning
C. age of revolution
D. age of commonsense
Answer» B. age of reasoning
14.

Associated with the enlightenment is the 17th century ----

A. globalization
B. privatization
C. scientific thought
D. common sense
Answer» C. scientific thought
15.

Who among the following is closely associated with “Enlightenment?’

A. auguste comte
B. herbert spence
C. george simmel
D. voltaire
Answer» D. voltaire
16.

Who is the author of ‘Political Philosophy’ that had significantly influenced the French revolution?

A. jean-jacquesrousseau
B. montesquieu
C. denis diderot
D. david hume
Answer» A. jean-jacquesrousseau
17.

The political tension and economic antagonism between two classes is called

A. class competition
B. class conflict
C. class interests
D. class upheaval
Answer» B. class conflict
18.

According to Marx, the conflict of interests between two antagonistic classes leads to

A. class struggle
B. class tension
C. competition
D. war
Answer» C. competition
19.

The egalitarian society Marx believed to replace the capitalism is called

A. feudal society
B. agrarian society
C. socialist society
D. industrial society
Answer» C. socialist society
20.

Who said that Sociology is a science?

A. auguste comte
B. herbert spencer
C. emile durkheim
D. max webber
Answer» D. max webber
21.

Who advocated a social action approach in sociology?

A. auguste comte
B. herbert spencer
C. emile durkheim
D. max webber
Answer» D. max webber
22.

The social force binding people together in a society will be weak when the society is characterised by

A. mechanical solidarity
B. organic solidarity
C. inorganic solidarity
D. capital solidarity
Answer» B. organic solidarity
23.

Strong social bonds between people can be seen when the society is characterised by

A. mechanical solidarity
B. organic solidarity
C. inorganic solidarity
D. capital solidarity
Answer» A. mechanical solidarity
24.

Urbanization was the result of --------------- during 18thcentury

A. scientific thought
B. french revolution
C. industrial revolution
D. globalization
Answer» C. industrial revolution
25.

Who served as advisors to King and Governors in the estate system?

A. clergy
B. nobles
C. serfs
D. labourers
Answer» A. clergy
26.

The scientific view developed by Auguste Comte is known as

A. philosophical science
B. positive philosophy
C. negative philosophy
D. scientific philosophy
Answer» B. positive philosophy
27.

Auguste Comte initially called Sociology ----------

A. social dynamics
B. social system
C. social physics
D. social science
Answer» C. social physics
28.

‘The Law of Three Stages’ is an idea developed by

A. herbert spencer
B. auguste comte
C. karl marx
D. george simmel
Answer» B. auguste comte
29.

Comte developed the Law of Three Stages in his work ----

A. treatise on sociology
B. religion of humanity
C. the origin of sociology
D. the course in positive philosophy
Answer» D. the course in positive philosophy
30.

Comte used the term Social Statics to indicate

A. existing social structures
B. positive effects
C. social dynamics
D. social evolution
Answer» A. existing social structures
31.

According to Comte the second stage in ‘the Law of Three stages’ is

A. theological stage
B. meta-physical stage
C. evolutionary stage
D. positive stage
Answer» B. meta-physical stage
32.

According to Comte the third stage in the Law of Three Stages is known as

A. positive stage
B. theological stage
C. evolutionary stage
D. metaphysical stage
Answer» D. metaphysical stage
33.

The sociological perspective developed by Auguste Comte is known as

A. constructionism
B. interpretivism
C. positivism
D. phenomenology
Answer» C. positivism
34.

Auguste Comte's law of three stages about the development of society include

A. feudal, industrial and mechanical
B. positive, negative and neutral
C. theological, metaphysical and positive
D. inequality, conflict and equality
Answer» C. theological, metaphysical and positive
35.

‘Principles of Sociology’ is a work done by

A. auguste comte
B. herbert spencer
C. emile durkheim
D. max webber
Answer» B. herbert spencer
36.

Who among the following is known as ‘Social Darwinist’

A. herbert spencer
B. auguste comte
C. gerorge simmel
D. emile durkheim
Answer» A. herbert spencer
37.

‘Positive Polity” is written by

A. herbert spencer
B. auguste comte
C. gerorge simmel
D. emile durkheim
Answer» B. auguste comte
38.

The term ‘Organic analogy’ is associated with

A. herbert spencer
B. auguste comte
C. gerorge simmel
D. emile durkheim
Answer» A. herbert spencer
39.

The concept of ‘Social evolution’ was developed by

A. herbert spencer
B. auguste comte
C. gerorge simmel
D. emile durkheim
Answer» A. herbert spencer
40.

‘The Man Versus The State’ is written by

A. auguste comte
B. herbert spencer
C. gerorge simmel
D. emile durkheim
Answer» B. herbert spencer
41.

Who among the following viewed society as an organism with interrelated parts

A. auguste comte
B. herbert spencer
C. gerorge simmel
D. emile durkheim
Answer» B. herbert spencer
42.

Who argued that the society and living organisms have similarities in structure and function?

A. herbert spencer
B. auguste comte
C. gerorge simmel
D. emile durkheim
Answer» A. herbert spencer
43.

Durkheim introduced the concept of ‘anomie’ was in his study of

A. suicide
B. social control
C. social progress
D. modernization
Answer» A. suicide
44.

The Rules of Sociological Method is a famous work of

A. herbert spencer
B. auguste comte
C. gerorge simmel
D. emile durkheim
Answer» D. emile durkheim
45.

Who introduced the term ‘anomie’ in the study of society

A. herbert spencer
B. auguste comte
C. gerorge simmel
D. emile durkheim
Answer» D. emile durkheim
46.

Durkheim argued that the task of sociology should be the study of ----

A. social progress
B. social facts
C. anomie
D. consciousness
Answer» B. social facts
47.

‘Suicide’ was published in the year

A. 1897
B. 1987
C. 1798
D. 1879
Answer» A. 1897
48.

‘Suicide’ is authored by

A. herbert spencer
B. auguste comte
C. gerorge simmel
D. emile durkheim
Answer» D. emile durkheim
49.

The Division of Labour in Society is a great work by

A. emile durkheim
B. herbert spencer
C. auguste comte
D. gerorge simmel
Answer» A. emile durkheim
50.

The Elementary Forms of Religious Life is written by

A. karl marx
B. emile durkheim
C. auguste comte
D. gerorge simmel
Answer» B. emile durkheim
51.

According to Durkheim the central characteristic of religion was

A. sacred-profane dichotomy
B. life after death
C. highly superstitious
D. elimination of all forms of discrimination
Answer» A. sacred-profane dichotomy
52.

Who said that society is a ‘reality sui generis?’

A. auguste comte
B. herbert spencer
C. emile durkheim
D. max webber
Answer» C. emile durkheim
53.

According to Durkheim, social solidarity depends on the extent of

A. discrimination
B. alienation
C. division of labour
D. gender inequality
Answer» C. division of labour
54.

According to Durkheim primitive societies are characterised by

A. mechanical solidarity
B. organic solidarity
C. nominal solidarity
D. attitudinal solidarity
Answer» A. mechanical solidarity
55.

Durkheim denoted the establishment of specified jobs for specific people as

A. the division of gender
B. . the division of labour
C. the division of rules
D. the division of solidarity
Answer» B. . the division of labour
56.

The binding force between individual and society in primitive societies is regarded as

A. conscience collective
B. totemism
C. social facts
D. suicide
Answer» A. conscience collective
57.

According to Durkheim, modern societies are characterised by

A. mechanical solidarity
B. organic solidarity
C. nominal solidarity
D. attitudinal solidarity
Answer» B. organic solidarity
58.

The term conscience collective was used by Durkheim to indicate

A. shared taboos
B. fashion sense among the members
C. shared belief system
D. kinship system
Answer» C. shared belief system
59.

The type of social solidarity found among agrarian societies is

A. mechanical solidarity
B. organic solidarity
C. nominal solidarity
D. attitudinal solidarity
Answer» A. mechanical solidarity
60.

Durkheim holds the view that the preindustrial societies were held together by

A. mechanical solidarity
B. organic solidarity
C. nominal solidarity
D. attitudinal solidarity
Answer» A. mechanical solidarity
61.

Societies, where individuals were held together by the mechanical solidarity are characterised by

A. high differentiation between individual and collective conscience
B. no distinction between individual and collective conscience
C. no conscience at all
D. specialised division of labour and job opportunities
Answer» B. no distinction between individual and collective conscience
62.

According to Durkheim, the industrial societies are characterised by

A. mechanical solidarity
B. nominal solidarity
C. attitudinal solidarity
D. organic solidarity
Answer» D. organic solidarity
63.

Durkheimian approach to sociology is called

A. structuralism
B. socialism
C. functionalism
D. interactionism
Answer» C. functionalism
64.

Durkheim held that in industrial societies, ------- is based around an acceptance of economic and social differences

A. social order
B. social differentiation
C. social acceptability
D. social thinking
Answer» A. social order
65.

According to Durkheim, anomic suicide occurs when

A. a person is too much integrated with the society
B. a person feels disconnected from the society due to lack of social integration
C. a person feels totally detached from the society
D. a person feels extreme social regulation resulting in oppressive conditions
Answer» B. a person feels disconnected from the society due to lack of social integration
66.

Weber’s analysis of modern society centred on the concept of..

A. rationalization
B. modernization
C. bureaucracy
D. power
Answer» A. rationalization
67.

Who developed the concept of ideal type?

A. karl marx
B. max weber
C. talcott parsons
D. auguste comte
Answer» B. max weber
68.

Which of the following is known to be the famous work of Max Weber

A. the german ideology
B. the sociology of diaspora
C. the protestant ethic and spirit of capitalism
D. suicide
Answer» C. the protestant ethic and spirit of capitalism
69.

The concept of Bureaucracy was given by

A. max weber
B. emile durkheim
C. herbert spencer
D. auguste comte
Answer» A. max weber
70.

To Max Weber, ideal types are

A. social realities
B. sociological phenomena
C. material tools
D. mental constructs
Answer» D. mental constructs
71.

A rational-purposeful action is based on

A. value rationality
B. traditional rationality
C. means-end rationality
D. affectionate rationality
Answer» C. means-end rationality
72.

The type of action guided by customs and longstanding beliefs is

A. wert-rational action
B. zweck-rational action
C. traditional action
D. affective action
Answer» C. traditional action
73.

When a person enjoys authority by virtue of his inherited status, then that type of authority is known as

A. traditional authority
B. charismatic authority
C. legal-rational authority
D. democratic authority
Answer» A. traditional authority
74.

Charismatic authority is characterised by

A. the supernatural powers possessed by a person
B. the exceptional personal qualities of a leader
C. the inherited status
D. the status occupied by voting
Answer» B. the exceptional personal qualities of a leader
75.

According to Max Weber, the basis for the functioning of the legal-rational authority is?

A. non-hierarchy
B. dysfunctional system
C. unwritten laws
D. rules
Answer» D. rules
76.

A systematic interpretive process of understanding the meaning of action from the actor’s point of view refers to

A. verstehen
B. functionalism
C. structuralism
D. conflict approach
Answer» A. verstehen
77.

‘The Protestant Ethic and the spirit of capitalism’ was written by

A. auguste comte
B. herbert spencer
C. emile durkheim
D. max webber
Answer» D. max webber
78.

Marx called the distinctive method for the analysis of the historical development of society as

A. conflict approach
B. neo-marxist theories
C. historical materialism
D. dialectical materialism
Answer» C. historical materialism
79.

The Communist Manifesto was written in the year

A. 1848
B. 1838
C. 1845
D. 1854
Answer» A. 1848
80.

Das Kapital was written by

A. georg simmel
B. max weber
C. emile durkheim
D. karl marx
Answer» D. karl marx
81.

Das Kapital was written in the year

A. 1876
B. 1786
C. 1867
D. 1875
Answer» C. 1867
82.

The Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844 was written by

A. auguste comte
B. karl marx
C. max weber
D. george simmel
Answer» B. karl marx
83.

---- had a dominant intellectual influence on Karl Marx

A. auguste comte
B. hegel
C. max weber
D. george simmel
Answer» B. hegel
84.

A contribution to the Critique of Political Economy is authored by

A. herbert spencer
B. lewis coser
C. karl marx
D. max weber
Answer» C. karl marx
85.

In Marxist theory, the working class is called

A. the proletariat
B. bourgeoisie
C. capitalists
D. leftists
Answer» A. the proletariat
86.

According to Karl Marx the present state will

A. continue for long
B. will wither away
C. deliver goods with the passage of time
D. slowly benefit the workers
Answer» B. will wither away
87.

According to Karl Marx, the history of all hitherto existing society is the history of

A. economic determinism
B. exploitation
C. class struggles
D. alienation
Answer» C. class struggles
88.

According to Marx, the capacity to do a useful work that increases the value of the products is called

A. surplus value
B. labour value
C. labour power
D. exploitation
Answer» C. labour power
89.

According to Marx, under capitalist mode of production, the surplus takes the form of

A. loss
B. profit
C. product
D. relations
Answer» B. profit
90.

The mode of production existed in primitive communities in which ownership of land was communal is known as

A. ancient mode of production
B. capitalist mode of production
C. feudal mode of production
D. asiatic mode of production
Answer» D. asiatic mode of production
91.

The mode of production characterised by the emergence of private property is ---

A. ancient mode of production
B. capitalist mode of production
C. feudal mode of production
D. asiatic mode of production
Answer» A. ancient mode of production
92.

The relationship between those who own the means of production (the capitalists or bourgeoisie) and those who do not (the workers or the proletariat) is called

A. forces of production
B. relations of production
C. means of production
D. exploitation
Answer» B. relations of production
93.

According to Marx, history evolves through the interaction between

A. means of production and surplus value
B. means of production and mode of production
C. mode of production and relations of production
D. means of production and relations of production
Answer» C. mode of production and relations of production
94.

The system in which the capitalists own the means of production is

A. socialism
B. capitalism
C. feudalism
D. communism
Answer» B. capitalism
95.

A system in which the workers sell their labour power for wage is known as

A. socialism
B. capitalism
C. feudalism
D. communism
Answer» B. capitalism
96.

‘Goods are produced for sale rather than own use’ is a remarkable characteristic of

A. feudal societies
B. capitalist societies
C. ancient societies
D. primitive societies
Answer» B. capitalist societies
97.

The concept of alienation is developed by

A. karl marx
B. max weber
C. herbert spencer
D. auguste comte
Answer» A. karl marx
98.

The process by which a commodity takes on an independent, almost mystical external reality is known as

A. external value
B. surplus value
C. fetishism of commodities
D. labour value
Answer» C. fetishism of commodities
99.

Workers who sell their labour and do not own their own means of production are

A. bourgeoisie
B. proletariat
C. middle men
D. slaves
Answer» B. proletariat
100.

The division of class in a capitalist society is based on

A. the ownership of property
B. the changes in relations
C. the production of commodities
D. the surplus value
Answer» A. the ownership of property
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