440+ Software Design Modeling (SDM) Solved MCQs

Software design modeling (SDM) is the process of creating a representation or blueprint of a software system. It involves identifying and specifying the components that make up the system and their relationships, as well as defining the interfaces between those components.

There are many different approaches to software design modeling, and the specific techniques and tools used can vary depending on the specific needs and constraints of a given project. Some common techniques and tools include:

UML (Unified Modeling Language): UML is a standardized language for creating graphical models of software systems. It includes a set of symbols and notation for representing different types of components, such as classes, objects, and relationships.

Class diagrams: Class diagrams are a type of UML diagram that shows the structure of a system in terms of the classes and their relationships. They can be used to visualize the static structure of a system, as well as the relationships between different classes.

Use case diagrams: Use case diagrams are another type of UML diagram that show the interactions between a system and its users. They can be used to identify and document the specific actions that a system is designed to perform, as well as the actors that interact with the system.

Prototyping: Prototyping is a technique for creating a preliminary version of a software system, typically for the purpose of testing and evaluating its functionality. Prototyping can be used to quickly explore and iterate on different design ideas and can help to identify and address any potential issues before building the final version of the system.

Software design modeling is an important part of the software development process, as it helps to define the structure and behavior of a system and ensure that it meets the needs of its users. It can also help to identify potential issues and mitigate risk before implementing the final version of the software.

1.

UML activity diagrams are useful in representing which analysis model elements?

A. behavioral elements
B. class-based elements
C. flow-based elements
D. scenario-based
Answer» D. scenario-based
2.

In an Activity Diagram, organizing the activities into groups is called ________

A. forking
B. joining
C. swimlane
D. synchronization
Answer» C. swimlane
3.

________ is used to represent concurrent flows in an Activity Diagram

A. slide bar
B. synchronization bar
C. swim lane
D. branch
Answer» B. synchronization bar
4.

Objects placed in an Activity Diagram are connected to the activity or transition using  ________  relationship

A. association
B. generalization
C. dependency
D. realization
Answer» A. association
5.

________  is a path from one activity state to the next activity state. 

A. action state
B. activity state
C. transition
D. fork
Answer» C. transition
6.

Executable atomic computations are called as  ________

A. action states??
B. activity states
C. composite states??
D. concurrent states
Answer» A. action states??
7.

Activity diagram is a special kind of ________

A. use case diagram??
B. state chart diagram??
C. interaction diagram??
D. component diagram
Answer» B. state chart diagram??
8.

Executable non atomic computations are called as ________

A. action states??
B. activity states??
C. transitions
D. simple states
Answer» B. activity states??
9.

which of the following is NOT present in an Activity Diagram? 

A. action states??
B. objects
C. events??
D. notes
Answer» C. events??
10.

In an Activity Diagram, transitions belongs to ________

A. trigger oriented transitions??
B. self transitions??
C. internal transitions??
D. completion transitions
Answer» D. completion transitions
11.

________  uses the services of the system under design to fulfill the goals. 

A. primary actor??
B. supporting actor??
C. offstage actor??
D. secondary actor
Answer» A. primary actor??
12.

Which of the following diagrams is used to model business workflows? 

A. deployment diagram??
B. activity diagram??
C. use case diagram??
D. interaction diagram
Answer» B. activity diagram??
13.

The scenario of a use case is graphically represented using ________

A. deployment diagram??
B. sequence diagram??
C. use case diagram??
D. interaction diagram
Answer» B. sequence diagram??
14.

A ________  is a stream of messages exchanged between objects

A. sequence??
B. modeling
C. transition??
D. objects
Answer» A. sequence??
15.

An ________ shows an interaction consisting of a set of objects and their relationships, including the messages. 

A. interaction diagram??
B. class diagram??
C. use case diagram??
D. activity diagram
Answer» A. interaction diagram??
16.

________  diagram illustrates use case realizations.

A. sequence
B. class
C. use case
D. activity??
Answer» A. sequence
17.

Which of the following doesn't include in message types? 

A. call??
B. return
C. send??
D. delete
Answer» D. delete
18.

Interaction diagrams are of ________ types. 

A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
Answer» B. 2
19.

________   are used to model the dynamic aspects of collaborations. 

A. sequence diagrams??
B. structural
C. interactions??
D. messages??
Answer» C. interactions??
20.

A set of messages exchanged among a set of objects is called as  ________

A. use case??
B. activity
C. interaction
D. deployment
Answer» C. interaction
21.

Sequence of messages is emphasized by ________ diagram. 

A. state chart??
B. sequence??
C. activity??
D. collaboration
Answer» B. sequence??
22.

________  specifies a path to send and receive messages between two objects

A. link
B. sequencing
C. object
D. role
Answer» A. link
23.

which diagram is used to show interactions between messages are classified as?

A. activity
B. state chart
C. collaboration
D. object lifeline
Answer» C. collaboration
24.

___________diagram is time-oriented?

A. collaboration
B. sequence
C. activity
D. use case
Answer» B. sequence
25.

which term are combined Interaction Diagram?

A. sequence diagram + collaboration diagram
B. activity diagram + state chart diagram
C. deployment diagram + collaboration diagram
D. activity diagram + deployment diagram
Answer» A. sequence diagram + collaboration diagram
26.

________  can model the behavior of an individual object.

A. class
B. use case??
C. state machine??
D. activity??
Answer» C. state machine??
27.

A ______ is a behaviour that specifies the sequence of states, an object goes through during its life time in reponse to an events.

A. class
B. state machine??
C. use case??
D. activity??
Answer» B. state machine??
28.

A ________   is a condition during the life of an object during which it satisfies performs some activity or waits for some event

A. class
B. state
C. actor
D. component
Answer» B. state
29.

A ________  is a relationship between two states indicating that an object in the first s will enter the second state

A. transition
B. state
C. association??
D. generalization
Answer» B. state
30.

A state that has substates, that is nested states, is called ________

A. composite state??
B. history state??
C. target state??
D. source state??
Answer» A. composite state??
31.

Inside the states, the events are encountered to handle without leaving the state. This is known as________

A. state machine??
B. state transition??
C. internal transition??
D. external transition
Answer» C. internal transition??
32.

________  is the state that is active after completion of the transition. 

A. composite state??
B. history state??
C. target state??
D. source state??
Answer» C. target state??
33.

A The relationship between two states is called ________

A. transition
B. state
C. association
D. generalization
Answer» A. transition
34.

________   are handled without causing a change in state. 

A. transitions
B. events??
C. signals??
D. state
Answer» A. transitions
35.

Which of the following is used to model the life time of an object?

A. use case??
B. class
C. state machine??
D. interface
Answer» C. state machine??
36.

State that is active after the completion of the transition is called ________

A. source state
B. target state??
C. history state??
D. final state??
Answer» B. target state??
37.

Which of the following is present in a nested concurrent state machine? 

A. initial state??
B. final state??
C. history state??
D. concurrent sub state
Answer» D. concurrent sub state
38.

Absolute time of an event is modeled as ________

A. timing constraint??
B. timing mark??
C. timing expression??
D. timing semantics??
Answer» A. timing constraint??
39.

State chart Diagrams are needed ________

A. when a class has complex life cycle??
B. when the execution of scenario is to be traced??
C. to allocate classes and objects to modules??
D. to allocate processes to processors
Answer» A. when a class has complex life cycle??
40.

The state diagram

A. depicts relationships between data objects
B. depicts functions that transform the data
C. indicates how data are transformed by the system
D. indicates system reactions to external events
Answer» D. indicates system reactions to external events
41.

Which of the following component is used to clarify which actor performs which activity in an activity diagram?

A. forks
B. joins
C. swimlanes
D. state
Answer» C. swimlanes
42.

Which of the following is type of UML diagram?

A. collaboration
B. context
C. user interface
D. er diagram
Answer» A. collaboration
43.

If the system is performing no function then it is in ___

A. clear state
B. initial state
C. final state
D. reset state
Answer» B. initial state
44.

The vertical dimension of a sequence diagram shows

A. abstract
B. line
C. time
D. messages
Answer» C. time
45.

The time oriented diagram include …

A. sequence
B. classes
C. activity
D. none of these
Answer» A. sequence
46.

In a sequence diagram, the _____ indicates when an object sends or receives a message

A. command line
B. focus
C. request link
D. lifeline
Answer» C. request link
47.

Fork and Join terms are associated with

A. activity diagram
B. use case diagram
C. class diagram
D. object diagram
Answer» A. activity diagram
48.

Which diagram is a special form of Sequence diagram?

A. timing diagram
B. class diagram??
C. object diagram
D. use case diagram
Answer» A. timing diagram
49.

Which UML diagram shows the objects participating in the interaction by their links to each other and the messages that they send to each other

A. class
B. objects
C. activity
D. collaboration
Answer» D. collaboration
50.

Which diagram is used to explore the behaviors of objects throughout a given period of time

A. timing diagram
B. class diagram??
C. object diagram
D. object diagram
Answer» A. timing diagram
51.

Use case descriptions consist of interaction among which of the following?

A. product
B. use case
C. actor
D. product & actor
Answer» D. product & actor
52.

Use case description contents include ______________

A. use case name and number
B. actors
C. stakeholder and needs
D. all of the mentioned
Answer» D. all of the mentioned
53.

Which descriptions are true for the use case description format?

A. underline text refers to another use case
B. extensions section uses complicated numbering scheme
C. indentation is used in order to make extensions easier to read
D. all of the mentioned
Answer» D. all of the mentioned
54.

who consider diagrams as a type of Class diagram, component diagram, object diagram, and deployment diagram?

A. ??structural
B. ??behavioral
C. non-behavioral
D. non structural
Answer» A. ??structural
55.

An operation can be described as__________.

A. ??object
B. class
C. functions
D. object & class
Answer» D. object & class
56.

Select the diagram that is used to model the vocabulary of a system.

A. object diagram
B. activity diagram
C. both a and b
D. class diagram
Answer» D. class diagram
57.

Select where the class diagrams are not convenient

A. ??simple interactions model
B. the vocabulary of a system model
C. simple collaborations model
D. ??logical database schema model
Answer» C. simple collaborations model
58.

Select the view which is shown by object Object diagram.

A. logical
B. ??dynamic
C. static
D. process
Answer» C. static
59.

designers look for candidate classes ?why?

A. to model entities in charge of or involved in program tasks
B. to model things in the world that interact directly with the program
C. to model structures and collections of objects
D. all of the mentioned
Answer» D. all of the mentioned
60.

Which of the following is followed for Evaluating and Selecting Candidate Classes?

A. discard classes with vague names or murky responsibilities
B. ??discard classes will not do something out of scope
C. ??look for actors
D. all of the mentioned
Answer» A. discard classes with vague names or murky responsibilities
61.

A model is a _________ of reality. 

A. complication??
B. simplification??
C. ??realization??
D. generalization??
Answer» B. simplification??
62.

A set of ________ models are used to approach a complex system. 

A. dependent
B. ??independent??
C. both dependent and independent??
D. different??
Answer» B. ??independent??
63.

_______  is a physical element that exists at runtime and represents a  computational resource. 

A. node??
B. actor??
C. ??name??
D. object & class
Answer» A. node??
64.

All public methods in business model objects are defined directly or indirectly because of a ________ requirement. 

A. use case??
B. dependency??
C. association??
D. sequence??
Answer» A. use case??
65.

 Associations ________

A. may exist only between actors and use cases??
B. identify the flow of data between actors and use cases??
C. identify interactions between actors and use cases??
D. identify dependencies between actors and use cases??
Answer» C. identify interactions between actors and use cases??
66.

The CRC modeling primarily requires

A. identifying classes and their responsibilities
B. )identifying collaborators of each class and their responsibilities
C. developing a collaboration graph
D. all of the mentioned
Answer» D. all of the mentioned
67.

The expansion of the acronym CRC is

A. collecting responsibilities classes
B. collaborating with relevant classes
C. class responsibilities and collaborators
D. creating relevant classes
Answer» C. class responsibilities and collaborators
68.

Object-oriented system modelling using CRC method gives

A. java programs for the system
B. c++ programs for the system
C. classes of the system, their responsibilities and collaborating classes
D. objective c programs for the system
Answer» C. classes of the system, their responsibilities and collaborating classes
69.

The association stereotype «Extends» indicates ___

A. delegation of part of a task to another use case??
B. the target use case is a subprocess of the source use cases??
C. a specialized form of a use case??
D. a deviation from the uml standard??
Answer» C. a specialized form of a use case??
70.

To distunguish between active and non-active object which property is applied?

A. abstraction
B. polymophism
C. concurrency
D. aggregation
Answer» C. concurrency
71.

SMI stands for

A. software maturity index
B. system maturity information
C. software model??index
D. none of these
Answer» A. software maturity index
72.

Consider the code below, class class1{ public: void func1(); }; class class2 : protected class1 { }; Function func1 of class1 is ______ in class2

A. public
B. private
C. protected
D. none of these
Answer» A. public
73.

Which of the following is a weak relationship between two objects?

A. ??inheritance
B. composition
C. aggregation
D. none of these
Answer» C. aggregation
74.

The next step is to evaluate the class diagram to check that all candidate classes are present and that the diagram reflects their descriptions, Designers apply which of the following heuristics to this activity?

A. check each class for important but overlooked attributes, operations, or associations
B. discard candidates that do something out of scope
C. apply design patterns were not appropriate
D. all of the mentioned
Answer» D. all of the mentioned
75.

What is multiplicity for an association?

A. the multiplicity at the target class end of an association is the number of instances that can be associated with a single instance of source class
B. the multiplicity at the target class end of an association is the number of instances that can be associated with a number instance of source class
C. all of the mentioned
D. none of the mentioned
Answer» A. the multiplicity at the target class end of an association is the number of instances that can be associated with a single instance of source class
76.

who consider diagrams as a type of Class diagram, component diagram, object diagram, and deployment diagram?

A. structural
B. behavioral
C. non-behavioral
D. ??non structural
Answer» A. structural
77.

______ shows a set of objects and their relationships. 

A. class diagram??
B. ??object diagram??
C. use case diagram??
D. activity diagram??
Answer» B. ??object diagram??
78.

 Forward engineering and reverse engineering can be applicable to _____

A. class diagram??
B. stereotypes??
C. tagged values??
D. adornments
Answer» A. class diagram??
79.

Forward engineering in UML is the process of transforming ____

A. a code into a model??
B. a code into design n??
C. a model into a code
D. a model into test??
Answer» C. a model into a code
80.

Which of the following statement is incorrect regarding the Class-responsibility-collaborator (CRC) modeling ?

A. all use-case scenarios (and corresponding use-case diagrams) are organized into categories in crc modelling
B. the review leader reads the use-case deliberately
C. only developers in the review (of the crc model) are given a subset of the crc model index cards
D. all of the mentioned
Answer» C. only developers in the review (of the crc model) are given a subset of the crc model index cards
81.

During the design phase, the overall ———— of the system is described.

A. architecture
B. system flow
C. data flow
D. none
Answer» A. architecture
82.

In which of the following phase, the class objects and the interrelationships of these classes are translated and actually coded by using an object-oriented programming language?

A. analysis
B. design
C. development
D. testing
Answer» C. development
83.

The OMT consists of three related but different viewpoints each capturing important aspects of the system

A. the static, dynamic, and functional behaviors of the system
B. analysis, design, coding
C. real-life environment, objects, and behavior of a system
D. none
Answer» A. the static, dynamic, and functional behaviors of the system
84.

Design Axioms are 1.Maintain the independence of components2.Minimize the information content of the design

A. only 1 is correct
B. only 2 is correct
C. both 1 and 2 are correct
D. both 1 & 2 are wrong
Answer» C. both 1 and 2 are correct
85.

Properly sequence the object oriented design process -

A. apply design axioms, design access layer, design view layer classes,iterate
B. design access layer , design view layer,apply design axioms, iterate
C. design view layer, iterate,design access layer, apply design axioms
D. design view layer, design access layer, iterate,apply design axioms
Answer» A. apply design axioms, design access layer, design view layer classes,iterate
86.

Which type of coupling involves direct reference to attributes or methods of another object?

A. common coupling
B. content coupling
C. control coupling
D. stamp coupling
Answer» B. content coupling
87.

Which type of coupling involves passing an aggregate data structure to another object which uses only a portion of that component?

A. common coupling
B. content coupling
C. control coupling
D. stamp coupling
Answer» D. stamp coupling
88.

Which type of the couling involves two objects accessing a global data space for both reading and writing?

A. common coupling
B. content coupling
C. control coupling
D. stamp coupling
Answer» A. common coupling
89.

What is the purpose of Destructor methods?

A. destructor methods creates instances of the class
B. destructor methods releases memory and resources allocated to objects when they were created
C. destructor methods converts type of objects.
D. destructor methods copies contents of one object to another.
Answer» B. destructor methods releases memory and resources allocated to objects when they were created
90.

What is used to express rules and semantics of UML?

A. rul
B. ocl
C. sql
D. ucl
Answer» B. ocl
91.

How is class visibility expressed?

A. through symbols like +,-,#
B. through cohesion coefficient
C. through coupling coefficient
D. through use case model
Answer» A. through symbols like +,-,#
92.

What is the quality of design?

A. functionality
B. architecture
C. low coupling
D. high cohesion
Answer» A. functionality
93.

Name the data type which exists between the versions of the program

A. transient data
B. coupling data
C. persistent data
D. global data
Answer» C. persistent data
94.

Name the data type which is involved in procedure activation.

A. local data
B. transient data
C. persistent data
D. protected data
Answer» B. transient data
95.

In hierarchical model the data is represented as a/an

A. graph
B. tree
C. records
D. array
Answer» A. graph
96.

Which language is used to describe the structure of and relationship between objects stored in database?

A. odl
B. ddl
C. sdl
D. rdl
Answer» B. ddl
97.

Which diagram are used to distribute files, libraries, and tables across topology of hardware?

A. use case diagrams
B. collaboration diagrams
C. sequence diagrams
D. deployment diagrams
Answer» D. deployment diagrams
98.

Which of these statements is truly acceptable?

A. a precondition is an assertion guaranteed to be true when the operation finishes
B. a post-condition is an assertion guaranteed to be true when the activity or operation begins
C. an event which causes a use case to begin is called a signal
D. activity diagram shows concurrency by use of fork & join.
Answer» D. activity diagram shows concurrency by use of fork & join.
99.

Which of the following diagram represents the interaction of the user with the software but tells nothing about the internal working of the software?

A. activity diagram
B. use case diagram
C. sequence diagram
D. collaboration diagram
Answer» B. use case diagram
100.

A UML diagram that facilitates requirements gathering and interacts between system and external users, is called as

A. sequence diagram
B. activity diagram
C. use case diagram
D. class diagram
Answer» C. use case diagram
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