McqMate
1. |
The ___________ perspective focuses on social and cultural forces outside the individual. |
A. | cognitive |
B. | learning |
C. | socio-cultural |
D. | learning |
Answer» C. socio-cultural |
2. |
The ____________ perspective deals with unconscious dynamics within the individual, such as inner forces, conflicts, or instinctual energy. |
A. | biological |
B. | ecological |
C. | ethological |
D. | psychodynamic |
Answer» D. psychodynamic |
3. |
An organized system of assumptions and principles that purports to explain a specialized set of phenomena and their interrelations is referred as ____________ |
A. | theory |
B. | hypothesis |
C. | definition |
D. | skepticism |
Answer» B. hypothesis |
4. |
A statement that attempts to predict or to account for a set of phenomena is ________________ |
A. | theory |
B. | hypothesis |
C. | definition |
D. | skepticism |
Answer» A. theory |
5. |
A ________________ study is a detailed description of a particular individual, based on careful observation or on formal psychological testing. |
A. | observational |
B. | experimental |
C. | field |
D. | case |
Answer» D. case |
6. |
A descriptive study that looks for a consistent relationship between two phenomena is referred as ______________ |
A. | field study |
B. | survey |
C. | correlational study |
D. | experimental |
Answer» C. correlational study |
7. |
The smallest quantity of physical energy that can be reliably detected by an observer is _____________ |
A. | absolute threshold |
B. | sensation |
C. | perception |
D. | difference threshold |
Answer» A. absolute threshold |
8. |
The smallest difference in stimulation that can be reliably detected by an observer when two stimuli are compared, is ____________________ |
A. | absolute threshold |
B. | sensation |
C. | perception |
D. | difference threshold |
Answer» D. difference threshold |
9. |
The accurate perception of objects as stable or unchanged despite changes in the sensory patterns they produce, is ____________________ |
A. | convergence |
B. | retinal disparity |
C. | monocular cues |
D. | perceptual constancy |
Answer» D. perceptual constancy |
10. |
The dimension of auditory experience related to the intensity of a pressure wave, is _________ |
A. | binatural cue |
B. | loudness |
C. | pitch |
D. | timbre |
Answer» C. pitch |
11. |
A basic kind of learning that involves associations between environmental stimuli and the organism’s responses ____________________ |
A. | trial and error |
B. | conditioning |
C. | cognitive |
D. | insight |
Answer» B. conditioning |
12. |
The reappearance of a learned response after its apparent extinction ___________________ |
A. | generalization |
B. | discrimination |
C. | spontaneous recovery |
D. | stimulus gradient |
Answer» C. spontaneous recovery |
13. |
An operant-conditioning process in which successive approximations of a desired response are reinforced _____________________ |
A. | shaping |
B. | extinction |
C. | modelling |
D. | instinctive drift |
Answer» A. shaping |
14. |
The tendency to look for or pay attention only to information that confirms one’s own belief is ______ |
A. | confirmation bias |
B. | hindsight bias |
C. | justification bias |
D. | cognitive bias |
Answer» A. confirmation bias |
15. |
Confusion of an event that happened to someone else with one that happened to you, or a belief that you remember something when it never actually happened is _________________ |
A. | flash bulb |
B. | confabulation |
C. | misattribution |
D. | eyewitness |
Answer» D. eyewitness |
16. |
The change from the resting nerve membrane potential of approximately -70mV to a new +40mV is ___________________________ |
A. | action potential |
B. | refractory period |
C. | resting potential |
D. | all or none law |
Answer» A. action potential |
17. |
Action potential constitutes the ‘firing’ of the neuron and is also referred to as the ________________ |
A. | nerve impulse |
B. | synapse |
C. | threshold |
D. | refractory period |
Answer» A. nerve impulse |
18. |
________________ referring to a pair of muscles with the same effects at a joint. |
A. | adipose |
B. | agonistic |
C. | atropine |
D. | agenesis |
Answer» B. agonistic |
19. |
The process by which an image is kept in focus on the surface of the retina while the object being viewed varies in distance from the eye is referred as the ____________________ |
A. | retinal disparity |
B. | autonomic |
C. | accommodation |
D. | phi phenomena |
Answer» A. retinal disparity |
20. |
The portion of the axon that is located immediately outside the boundaries of the soma is __________ |
A. | end buttons |
B. | axon hillock |
C. | axoaxonic |
D. | axon collateral |
Answer» B. axon hillock |
21. |
__________________ is a portion of the axon after it has subdivided just prior to the synaptic knobs. |
A. | basal ganglia |
B. | axon hillock |
C. | end buttons |
D. | axon collateral |
Answer» D. axon collateral |
22. |
_____________________ is a portion of the dendrite involved in axodendritic synaptic communication. |
A. | dendritic spine |
B. | dentate nucleus |
C. | cross-cuing |
D. | contrecercep |
Answer» A. dendritic spine |
23. |
The space in the synapse that lies between the presynaptic axon and postsynaptic soma or dendrite, is _______________________ |
A. | synaptic vesicle |
B. | synaptic knob |
C. | synaptic cleft |
D. | synapse space |
Answer» D. synapse space |
24. |
The structures in the synaptic knobs that store neurotransmitters prior to the release of neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft, is _________________________ |
A. | synaptic knob |
B. | synaptic vesicle |
C. | synaptic space |
D. | nodes of ranvier |
Answer» B. synaptic vesicle |
25. |
__________________ is a fat and protein substance surrounding some axons in the nervous system, arranged as a series of segments along the length of the axon. |
A. | naloxon |
B. | nodes of ranvier |
C. | myelin sheath |
D. | spindle |
Answer» C. myelin sheath |
26. |
A scientific discipline dedicated to the understanding of the nervous system is referred as the _______ |
A. | physiology |
B. | neurology |
C. | psychiatry |
D. | neuroscience |
Answer» D. neuroscience |
27. |
___________ is impairment in the ability to recognize faces, due to damage in the right hemisphere. |
A. | facial agnosia |
B. | facial apraxia |
C. | facial aphasia |
D. | enkephalin |
Answer» A. facial agnosia |
28. |
The fissure in the neocortex separating the frontal and parietal lobes is known as ____________ |
A. | fissure of sylvius |
B. | fissure of rolando |
C. | follicle cells |
D. | fastigal nucleus |
Answer» B. fissure of rolando |
29. |
The fissure in the neocortex separating the temporal and parietal lobes is called_____________ |
A. | fissure of sylvius |
B. | fissure of rolando |
C. | follicle cells |
D. | fastigal nucleus |
Answer» A. fissure of sylvius |
30. |
The point on the ventral surface of the brain where the optic nerves from each eye merge together then separate as they continue in the visual pathway, is called________________ |
A. | optic chiasma |
B. | optic disc |
C. | optic pathway |
D. | occipital lobe |
Answer» A. optic chiasma |
31. |
________________ is the layer of tissue in the utricle that contains the hair cell receptors. |
A. | otoconia |
B. | corti |
C. | optic disc |
D. | macula |
Answer» D. macula |
32. |
__________________ is an opening near the terminal end of the cochlea, where the scala tympani communicate with the scala vestibule. |
A. | foves |
B. | helicotrema |
C. | hair cells |
D. | otoconia |
Answer» B. helicotrema |
33. |
A collection of structures in the telecephalon, concerned with the control of emotional reactivity, is referred as____________________ |
A. | neocortex |
B. | cortex |
C. | limbic system |
D. | brain stem |
Answer» C. limbic system |
34. |
________________ is the founder of psychoanalysis. |
A. | adler |
B. | watson |
C. | freud |
D. | jung |
Answer» C. freud |
35. |
_________________ founded the first psychological laboratory. |
A. | i.pavlov |
B. | wilhelm wundt |
C. | j.b.watson |
D. | william james |
Answer» B. wilhelm wundt |
36. |
Cessation of breath during sleep is called as _____________ |
A. | apnea |
B. | insomnia |
C. | narcolepsy |
D. | hypersomnia |
Answer» A. apnea |
37. |
The process through which information stored in memory is referred as __________________ |
A. | retrieval |
B. | encoding |
C. | storage |
D. | semantic memory |
Answer» C. storage |
38. |
___________________ is the awareness of the distance between an observer and an object. |
A. | depth perception |
B. | depth analysis |
C. | size perception |
D. | shape perception |
Answer» A. depth perception |
39. |
_____________________ psychologists views that the organization and relationship of elements determine the mental experience a person has. |
A. | gestalt |
B. | structuralism |
C. | humanistic |
D. | cognitive |
Answer» B. structuralism |
40. |
____________________ is defined as any relatively permanent change in behavior that occurs as a result of practice or experience. |
A. | learning |
B. | cognition |
C. | perception |
D. | attention |
Answer» A. learning |
41. |
Retinal disparity is ____________________cue of depth perception. |
A. | binaural |
B. | monaural |
C. | binocular |
D. | monocular |
Answer» C. binocular |
42. |
Which of the following is a cognitive learning? |
A. | motor learning |
B. | serial learning |
C. | insight learning |
D. | classical conditioning |
Answer» C. insight learning |
43. |
The concept of “Tabula Rasa” was proposed by _________________ |
A. | kohler |
B. | thorndike |
C. | john locke |
D. | skinner |
Answer» C. john locke |
44. |
_______________________ is the smallest difference between two stimuli that can be reliably detected or discriminated. |
A. | differential threshold |
B. | absolute threshold |
C. | point of subjective equality |
D. | intensity |
Answer» A. differential threshold |
45. |
The process of organizing environmental stimuli into some meaningful patterns or wholes is known as ________________________ |
A. | sensation |
B. | attention |
C. | perception |
D. | illusion |
Answer» C. perception |
46. |
Escape learning is an example of _______________ |
A. | positive reinforcement |
B. | negative reinforcement |
C. | positive punishment |
D. | negative punishment |
Answer» B. negative reinforcement |
47. |
The theory that perceptual world is in large measure constructed from experience is called _________ |
A. | adaptation level |
B. | transactionalism |
C. | arousal theory |
D. | vascualr theory |
Answer» B. transactionalism |
48. |
The process by which certain infant animals learn to follow or approach the first moving object is __________ |
A. | instinct |
B. | reflex |
C. | imprinting |
D. | generalization |
Answer» C. imprinting |
49. |
Rapid low amplitude brain wave that are linked to feelings of relaxation is __________________ |
A. | alpha waves |
B. | beta waves |
C. | gamma waves |
D. | delta waves |
Answer» A. alpha waves |
50. |
The most effective procedure is CS-US pairing is to present _________________ |
A. | cs before us |
B. | cs after us |
C. | cs along with us |
D. | none of the above |
Answer» A. cs before us |
51. |
Who said “An objective psychologist would be restricted to observing overt responses”: ____________ |
A. | wundt |
B. | kohler |
C. | titchener |
D. | watson |
Answer» B. kohler |
52. |
The principle of stereoscopic vision is based on _________________ |
A. | accommodation |
B. | convergence |
C. | retinal image |
D. | retinal disparity |
Answer» D. retinal disparity |
53. |
The school of thought founded by Watson became known as ___________________ |
A. | functionalism |
B. | behaviorism |
C. | structuralism |
D. | humanism |
Answer» B. behaviorism |
54. |
Interpreting sensory information as meaningful pattern can be defined as_________________ |
A. | closure |
B. | sensation |
C. | gestalt psychology |
D. | perception |
Answer» D. perception |
55. |
When a dog learns to salivate only to a bell and not to a buzzer, the process that has taken place is called ______________ |
A. | extinction |
B. | conditioning |
C. | discrimination |
D. | generalization |
Answer» C. discrimination |
56. |
The process by which an organism learn to make a particular response to a specific stimulus and to no other stimulus is____________________ |
A. | stimulus generalization |
B. | response discrimination |
C. | stimulus discrimination |
D. | response generalization |
Answer» C. stimulus discrimination |
57. |
French philosopher ____________________ proposed that the mind and body are separate entities. |
A. | rene’ descartes |
B. | aristotle |
C. | william james |
D. | wundt |
Answer» A. rene’ descartes |
58. |
_______________ is a branch of biology that studies the functions and parts of living organisms, including humans. |
A. | physiology |
B. | neurology |
C. | psychiatry |
D. | neuroscience |
Answer» A. physiology |
59. |
The first working research laboratory in psychology was established at the University of Leipzig in __________ year. |
A. | 1879 |
B. | 1869 |
C. | 1989 |
D. | 1889 |
Answer» A. 1879 |
60. |
Wundt’s student _________________ established structuralism, the first major school in psychology. |
A. | wundt |
B. | kohler |
C. | titchener |
D. | watson |
Answer» C. titchener |
61. |
______________ could not be used to study children or animals. |
A. | observation |
B. | experimental method |
C. | introspection |
D. | case study |
Answer» C. introspection |
62. |
________________ influenced the beginning of the functionalist school of psychology. |
A. | rene’ descartes |
B. | edward titchener |
C. | william james |
D. | wundt |
Answer» C. william james |
63. |
The common goal of functionalism and structuralism is an emphasis on the study of _______________. |
A. | conscious experiences |
B. | unconscious experiences |
C. | sub-conscious experiences |
D. | mental disorders |
Answer» A. conscious experiences |
64. |
__________________ was an American Psychologist who established the first psychology research laboratory in the United States and founded the American Psychological Association. |
A. | g. stanley hall |
B. | edward titchener |
C. | william james |
D. | wilhelm wundt |
Answer» A. g. stanley hall |
65. |
___________________ focus was on the scientific study of observable behavior that could be objectively measured and verified. |
A. | psychoanalysis’s |
B. | structuralism’s |
C. | functionalism’s |
D. | behaviorism’s |
Answer» D. behaviorism’s |
66. |
________________ grew out of the pioneering work of Russian physiologist Ivan Pavlov. |
A. | behaviorism |
B. | structuralism |
C. | functionalism |
D. | gestalt psychology |
Answer» A. behaviorism |
67. |
The Austrian physician who emphasized unconscious processes rather than overt observable behavior was ________________. |
A. | sigmund freud |
B. | edward titchener |
C. | william james |
D. | wilhelm wundt |
Answer» A. sigmund freud |
68. |
The school of psychology that emphasizes conscious experiences, including each person’s unique potential for psychological growth and self-direction, is __________________ psychology. |
A. | behaviorism |
B. | structuralism |
C. | humanistic |
D. | gestalt psychology |
Answer» C. humanistic |
69. |
The person credited with founding humanistic psychology is __________________. |
A. | sigmund freud |
B. | edward titchener |
C. | william james |
D. | carl rogers |
Answer» D. carl rogers |
70. |
Another humanistic psychologist who developed a theory of motivation that emphasizes personal growth was _______________. |
A. | max wertheimer |
B. | edward titchener |
C. | abraham maslow |
D. | carl rogers |
Answer» C. abraham maslow |
71. |
The founder of Gestalt psychology was _________________. |
A. | max wertheimer |
B. | edward titchener |
C. | abraham maslow |
D. | carl rogers |
Answer» A. max wertheimer |
72. |
Psychologists who study the diversity of human behavior in different cultural settings and countries are called _______________ psychologists. |
A. | cultural |
B. | cross-cultural |
C. | ethnic |
D. | cognitive |
Answer» B. cross-cultural |
73. |
One important factor in the cognitive revolution was the development of the first ____________, which gave psychologists a model for human mental processes. |
A. | laboratory |
B. | computers |
C. | mental activity |
D. | psychological perspective |
Answer» B. computers |
74. |
___________________ is a specialty area that helps develop the instructional methods and materials used to train people in both educational and work settings and studies how people of all ages learn. |
A. | school psychology |
B. | educational psychology |
C. | industrial psychology |
D. | developmental psychology |
Answer» B. educational psychology |
75. |
_______________ is a point of view or general framework that reflects the emphasis a psychologist may take in investigating psychological topics. |
A. | theory |
B. | statement |
C. | perspective |
D. | analysis |
Answer» C. perspective |
76. |
______________ focuses on designing programs that promote the intellectual, social, and emotional development of children, including those with special needs. |
A. | school psychology |
B. | educational psychology |
C. | personality psychology |
D. | developmental psychology |
Answer» A. school psychology |
77. |
Once a researcher has identified a question or issue to be investigated, it must be posed in the form of a _____________ that can be tested empirically. |
A. | problem |
B. | methodology |
C. | theory |
D. | hypothesis |
Answer» D. hypothesis |
78. |
Naturalistic observation, surveys, case studies, and correlational studies are commonly used ______________ methods. |
A. | descriptive |
B. | experimental |
C. | operational |
D. | quantitative |
Answer» A. descriptive |
79. |
A tentative explanation that tries to account for the diverse findings on the same topic is called a ______________ or a model. |
A. | problem |
B. | method |
C. | theory |
D. | hypothesis |
Answer» C. theory |
80. |
Factors that can change or vary and are capable of being observed, measured, and verified are called ____________. |
A. | statistics |
B. | variables |
C. | theory |
D. | hypothesis |
Answer» B. variables |
81. |
_________________ is a statistical technique that involves combining and analyzing the results of many research studies on a specific topic in order to identify overall trends. |
A. | correlation |
B. | regression |
C. | meta-analysis |
D. | content-analysis |
Answer» C. meta-analysis |
82. |
Even experiments conducted in natural settings have disadvantages, such as a ___________ in experimental control. |
A. | increase |
B. | decrease |
C. | difference |
D. | varying |
Answer» B. decrease |
83. |
_________________ is an experimental technique in which the researchers, but not the subjects, are aware of the critical information about the experiment. |
A. | single-blind |
B. | double-blind |
C. | ethnography |
D. | field study |
Answer» A. single-blind |
84. |
The ________________ variable in an experiment is purposely manipulated in order to effect a change in other variable. |
A. | dependent |
B. | independent |
C. | extraneous |
D. | control |
Answer» B. independent |
85. |
_____________ is an intensive, in-depth investigation of an individual and can involve compiling data from a wide variety of different sources. |
A. | observation |
B. | survey |
C. | case-study |
D. | questionnaire |
Answer» C. case-study |
86. |
___________________ is the tendency to use your own culture as the standard for judging other cultures. |
A. | cross-cultures |
B. | ethnocentrism |
C. | culturism |
D. | pseudo- cultures |
Answer» B. ethnocentrism |
87. |
________________ involves the presentation or addition of a reinforcing stimulus following an operant. |
A. | positive reinforcement |
B. | negative reinforcement |
C. | continuous reinforcement |
D. | partial reinforcement |
Answer» A. positive reinforcement |
88. |
________________ refers to the presentation of an event or stimulus following a behavior that acts to decrease the likelihood of the behavior being repeated. |
A. | positive reinforcement |
B. | negative reinforcement |
C. | punishment |
D. | partial reinforcement |
Answer» C. punishment |
89. |
____________________ is the application of learning principles to help people develop more effective or adaptive behaviors. |
A. | defense mechanism |
B. | behavior modification |
C. | positive reinforcement |
D. | adaptation |
Answer» B. behavior modification |
90. |
_________________ is the operant conditioning procedure of selectively reinforcing successively closer approximations of a goal behavior until the goal behavior is displayed. |
A. | modeling |
B. | shaping |
C. | sublimation |
D. | reinforcing |
Answer» B. shaping |
91. |
_________________ is Skinner’s term for an actively emitted behavior that operates on the environment to produce consequences. |
A. | classical |
B. | reinforce |
C. | operant |
D. | punishment |
Answer» C. operant |
92. |
A ________________ reinforcer is a stimulus or event that is naturally or inherently reinforcing for a given species, such as food, water, or other biological necessities. |
A. | positive |
B. | negative |
C. | primary |
D. | secondary |
Answer» C. primary |
93. |
___________________ refers to gradual weakening and disappearance of conditioned behavior when it is no longer followed by a reinforcer. |
A. | extinction |
B. | negative reinforcement |
C. | partial reinforcement |
D. | punishment |
Answer» A. extinction |
94. |
________________ is the basic learning process that involves changing the probability of a response being repeated by manipulating the consequences of that response. |
A. | classical conditioning |
B. | defense mechanism |
C. | operant conditioning |
D. | punishment |
Answer» C. operant conditioning |
95. |
Learning that is not reflected in actual performance is called _______________ learning. |
A. | cognitive |
B. | observational |
C. | latent |
D. | operant |
Answer» C. latent |
96. |
___________________ is an American psychologist who experimentally investigated observational learning, emphasizing the role of cognitive factors. |
A. | ivan pavlov b. |
B. | f.skinner c. edward . |
C. | tolman |
D. | albert bandura |
Answer» D. albert bandura |
97. |
__________________ is an American psychologist who experimentally demonstrated the involvement of cognitive processes in classical conditioning. |
A. | robert .a. rescorla b. |
B. | f.skinner c. edward . |
C. | tolman |
D. | albert bandura |
Answer» A. robert .a. rescorla b. |
98. |
_____________ is the tendency of an animal to revert to its instinctive behaviors that can interfere with the performance of an operantly conditioned response. |
A. | aversion |
B. | instinctive drift |
C. | latent learning |
D. | law of effect |
Answer» B. instinctive drift |
Done Reading?