90+ Basic Psychological Process Solved MCQs

1.

The ___________ perspective focuses on social and cultural forces outside the individual.

A. cognitive
B. learning
C. socio-cultural
D. learning
Answer» C. socio-cultural
2.

The ____________ perspective deals with unconscious dynamics within the individual, such as inner forces, conflicts, or instinctual energy.

A. biological
B. ecological
C. ethological
D. psychodynamic
Answer» D. psychodynamic
3.

An organized system of assumptions and principles that purports to explain a specialized set of phenomena and their interrelations is referred as ____________

A. theory
B. hypothesis
C. definition
D. skepticism
Answer» B. hypothesis
4.

A statement that attempts to predict or to account for a set of phenomena is ________________

A. theory
B. hypothesis
C. definition
D. skepticism
Answer» A. theory
5.

A ________________ study is a detailed description of a particular individual, based on careful observation or on formal psychological testing.

A. observational
B. experimental
C. field
D. case
Answer» D. case
6.

A descriptive study that looks for a consistent relationship between two phenomena is referred as ______________

A. field study
B. survey
C. correlational study
D. experimental
Answer» C. correlational study
7.

The smallest quantity of physical energy that can be reliably detected by an observer is _____________

A. absolute threshold
B. sensation
C. perception
D. difference threshold
Answer» A. absolute threshold
8.

The smallest difference in stimulation that can be reliably detected by an observer when two stimuli are compared, is ____________________

A. absolute threshold
B. sensation
C. perception
D. difference threshold
Answer» D. difference threshold
9.

The accurate perception of objects as stable or unchanged despite changes in the sensory patterns they produce, is ____________________

A. convergence
B. retinal disparity
C. monocular cues
D. perceptual constancy
Answer» D. perceptual constancy
10.

The dimension of auditory experience related to the intensity of a pressure wave, is _________

A. binatural cue
B. loudness
C. pitch
D. timbre
Answer» C. pitch
11.

A basic kind of learning that involves associations between environmental stimuli and the organism’s responses ____________________

A. trial and error
B. conditioning
C. cognitive
D. insight
Answer» B. conditioning
12.

The reappearance of a learned response after its apparent extinction ___________________

A. generalization
B. discrimination
C. spontaneous recovery
D. stimulus gradient
Answer» C. spontaneous recovery
13.

An operant-conditioning process in which successive approximations of a desired response are reinforced _____________________

A. shaping
B. extinction
C. modelling
D. instinctive drift
Answer» A. shaping
14.

The tendency to look for or pay attention only to information that confirms one’s own belief is ______

A. confirmation bias
B. hindsight bias
C. justification bias
D. cognitive bias
Answer» A. confirmation bias
15.

Confusion of an event that happened to someone else with one that happened to you, or a belief that you remember something when it never actually happened is _________________

A. flash bulb
B. confabulation
C. misattribution
D. eyewitness
Answer» D. eyewitness
16.

The change from the resting nerve membrane potential of approximately -70mV to a new +40mV is ___________________________

A. action potential
B. refractory period
C. resting potential
D. all or none law
Answer» A. action potential
17.

Action potential constitutes the ‘firing’ of the neuron and is also referred to as the ________________

A. nerve impulse
B. synapse
C. threshold
D. refractory period
Answer» A. nerve impulse
18.

________________ referring to a pair of muscles with the same effects at a joint.

A. adipose
B. agonistic
C. atropine
D. agenesis
Answer» B. agonistic
19.

The process by which an image is kept in focus on the surface of the retina while the object being viewed varies in distance from the eye is referred as the ____________________

A. retinal disparity
B. autonomic
C. accommodation
D. phi phenomena
Answer» A. retinal disparity
20.

The portion of the axon that is located immediately outside the boundaries of the soma is __________

A. end buttons
B. axon hillock
C. axoaxonic
D. axon collateral
Answer» B. axon hillock
21.

__________________ is a portion of the axon after it has subdivided just prior to the synaptic knobs.

A. basal ganglia
B. axon hillock
C. end buttons
D. axon collateral
Answer» D. axon collateral
22.

_____________________ is a portion of the dendrite involved in axodendritic synaptic communication.

A. dendritic spine
B. dentate nucleus
C. cross-cuing
D. contrecercep
Answer» A. dendritic spine
23.

The space in the synapse that lies between the presynaptic axon and postsynaptic soma or dendrite, is _______________________

A. synaptic vesicle
B. synaptic knob
C. synaptic cleft
D. synapse space
Answer» D. synapse space
24.

The structures in the synaptic knobs that store neurotransmitters prior to the release of neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft, is _________________________

A. synaptic knob
B. synaptic vesicle
C. synaptic space
D. nodes of ranvier
Answer» B. synaptic vesicle
25.

__________________ is a fat and protein substance surrounding some axons in the nervous system, arranged as a series of segments along the length of the axon.

A. naloxon
B. nodes of ranvier
C. myelin sheath
D. spindle
Answer» C. myelin sheath
26.

A scientific discipline dedicated to the understanding of the nervous system is referred as the _______

A. physiology
B. neurology
C. psychiatry
D. neuroscience
Answer» D. neuroscience
27.

___________ is impairment in the ability to recognize faces, due to damage in the right hemisphere.

A. facial agnosia
B. facial apraxia
C. facial aphasia
D. enkephalin
Answer» A. facial agnosia
28.

The fissure in the neocortex separating the frontal and parietal lobes is known as ____________

A. fissure of sylvius
B. fissure of rolando
C. follicle cells
D. fastigal nucleus
Answer» B. fissure of rolando
29.

The fissure in the neocortex separating the temporal and parietal lobes is called_____________

A. fissure of sylvius
B. fissure of rolando
C. follicle cells
D. fastigal nucleus
Answer» A. fissure of sylvius
30.

The point on the ventral surface of the brain where the optic nerves from each eye merge together then separate as they continue in the visual pathway, is called________________

A. optic chiasma
B. optic disc
C. optic pathway
D. occipital lobe
Answer» A. optic chiasma
31.

________________ is the layer of tissue in the utricle that contains the hair cell receptors.

A. otoconia
B. corti
C. optic disc
D. macula
Answer» D. macula
32.

__________________ is an opening near the terminal end of the cochlea, where the scala tympani communicate with the scala vestibule.

A. foves
B. helicotrema
C. hair cells
D. otoconia
Answer» B. helicotrema
33.

A collection of structures in the telecephalon, concerned with the control of emotional reactivity, is referred as____________________

A. neocortex
B. cortex
C. limbic system
D. brain stem
Answer» C. limbic system
34.

________________ is the founder of psychoanalysis.

A. adler
B. watson
C. freud
D. jung
Answer» C. freud
35.

_________________ founded the first psychological laboratory.

A. i.pavlov
B. wilhelm wundt
C. j.b.watson
D. william james
Answer» B. wilhelm wundt
36.

Cessation of breath during sleep is called as _____________

A. apnea
B. insomnia
C. narcolepsy
D. hypersomnia
Answer» A. apnea
37.

The process through which information stored in memory is referred as __________________

A. retrieval
B. encoding
C. storage
D. semantic memory
Answer» C. storage
38.

___________________ is the awareness of the distance between an observer and an object.

A. depth perception
B. depth analysis
C. size perception
D. shape perception
Answer» A. depth perception
39.

_____________________ psychologists views that the organization and relationship of elements determine the mental experience a person has.

A. gestalt
B. structuralism
C. humanistic
D. cognitive
Answer» B. structuralism
40.

____________________ is defined as any relatively permanent change in behavior that occurs as a result of practice or experience.

A. learning
B. cognition
C. perception
D. attention
Answer» A. learning
41.

Retinal disparity is ____________________cue of depth perception.

A. binaural
B. monaural
C. binocular
D. monocular
Answer» C. binocular
42.

Which of the following is a cognitive learning?

A. motor learning
B. serial learning
C. insight learning
D. classical conditioning
Answer» C. insight learning
43.

The concept of “Tabula Rasa” was proposed by _________________

A. kohler
B. thorndike
C. john locke
D. skinner
Answer» C. john locke
44.

_______________________ is the smallest difference between two stimuli that can be reliably detected or discriminated.

A. differential threshold
B. absolute threshold
C. point of subjective equality
D. intensity
Answer» A. differential threshold
45.

The process of organizing environmental stimuli into some meaningful patterns or wholes is known as ________________________

A. sensation
B. attention
C. perception
D. illusion
Answer» C. perception
46.

Escape learning is an example of _______________

A. positive reinforcement
B. negative reinforcement
C. positive punishment
D. negative punishment
Answer» B. negative reinforcement
47.

The theory that perceptual world is in large measure constructed from experience is called _________

A. adaptation level
B. transactionalism
C. arousal theory
D. vascualr theory
Answer» B. transactionalism
48.

The process by which certain infant animals learn to follow or approach the first moving object is __________

A. instinct
B. reflex
C. imprinting
D. generalization
Answer» C. imprinting
49.

Rapid low amplitude brain wave that are linked to feelings of relaxation is __________________

A. alpha waves
B. beta waves
C. gamma waves
D. delta waves
Answer» A. alpha waves
50.

The most effective procedure is CS-US pairing is to present _________________

A. cs before us
B. cs after us
C. cs along with us
D. none of the above
Answer» A. cs before us
51.

Who said “An objective psychologist would be restricted to observing overt responses”: ____________

A. wundt
B. kohler
C. titchener
D. watson
Answer» B. kohler
52.

The principle of stereoscopic vision is based on _________________

A. accommodation
B. convergence
C. retinal image
D. retinal disparity
Answer» D. retinal disparity
53.

The school of thought founded by Watson became known as ___________________

A. functionalism
B. behaviorism
C. structuralism
D. humanism
Answer» B. behaviorism
54.

Interpreting sensory information as meaningful pattern can be defined as_________________

A. closure
B. sensation
C. gestalt psychology
D. perception
Answer» D. perception
55.

When a dog learns to salivate only to a bell and not to a buzzer, the process that has taken place is called ______________

A. extinction
B. conditioning
C. discrimination
D. generalization
Answer» C. discrimination
56.

The process by which an organism learn to make a particular response to a specific stimulus and to no other stimulus is____________________

A. stimulus generalization
B. response discrimination
C. stimulus discrimination
D. response generalization
Answer» C. stimulus discrimination
57.

French philosopher ____________________ proposed that the mind and body are separate entities.

A. rene’ descartes
B. aristotle
C. william james
D. wundt
Answer» A. rene’ descartes
58.

_______________ is a branch of biology that studies the functions and parts of living organisms, including humans.

A. physiology
B. neurology
C. psychiatry
D. neuroscience
Answer» A. physiology
59.

The first working research laboratory in psychology was established at the University of Leipzig in __________ year.

A. 1879
B. 1869
C. 1989
D. 1889
Answer» A. 1879
60.

Wundt’s student _________________ established structuralism, the first major school in psychology.

A. wundt
B. kohler
C. titchener
D. watson
Answer» C. titchener
61.

______________ could not be used to study children or animals.

A. observation
B. experimental method
C. introspection
D. case study
Answer» C. introspection
62.

________________ influenced the beginning of the functionalist school of psychology.

A. rene’ descartes
B. edward titchener
C. william james
D. wundt
Answer» C. william james
63.

The common goal of functionalism and structuralism is an emphasis on the study of _______________.

A. conscious experiences
B. unconscious experiences
C. sub-conscious experiences
D. mental disorders
Answer» A. conscious experiences
64.

__________________ was an American Psychologist who established the first psychology research laboratory in the United States and founded the American Psychological Association.

A. g. stanley hall
B. edward titchener
C. william james
D. wilhelm wundt
Answer» A. g. stanley hall
65.

___________________ focus was on the scientific study of observable behavior that could be objectively measured and verified.

A. psychoanalysis’s
B. structuralism’s
C. functionalism’s
D. behaviorism’s
Answer» D. behaviorism’s
66.

________________ grew out of the pioneering work of Russian physiologist Ivan Pavlov.

A. behaviorism
B. structuralism
C. functionalism
D. gestalt psychology
Answer» A. behaviorism
67.

The Austrian physician who emphasized unconscious processes rather than overt observable behavior was ________________.

A. sigmund freud
B. edward titchener
C. william james
D. wilhelm wundt
Answer» A. sigmund freud
68.

The school of psychology that emphasizes conscious experiences, including each person’s unique potential for psychological growth and self-direction, is __________________ psychology.

A. behaviorism
B. structuralism
C. humanistic
D. gestalt psychology
Answer» C. humanistic
69.

The person credited with founding humanistic psychology is __________________.

A. sigmund freud
B. edward titchener
C. william james
D. carl rogers
Answer» D. carl rogers
70.

Another humanistic psychologist who developed a theory of motivation that emphasizes personal growth was _______________.

A. max wertheimer
B. edward titchener
C. abraham maslow
D. carl rogers
Answer» C. abraham maslow
71.

The founder of Gestalt psychology was _________________.

A. max wertheimer
B. edward titchener
C. abraham maslow
D. carl rogers
Answer» A. max wertheimer
72.

Psychologists who study the diversity of human behavior in different cultural settings and countries are called _______________ psychologists.

A. cultural
B. cross-cultural
C. ethnic
D. cognitive
Answer» B. cross-cultural
73.

One important factor in the cognitive revolution was the development of the first ____________, which gave psychologists a model for human mental processes.

A. laboratory
B. computers
C. mental activity
D. psychological perspective
Answer» B. computers
74.

___________________ is a specialty area that helps develop the instructional methods and materials used to train people in both educational and work settings and studies how people of all ages learn.

A. school psychology
B. educational psychology
C. industrial psychology
D. developmental psychology
Answer» B. educational psychology
75.

_______________ is a point of view or general framework that reflects the emphasis a psychologist may take in investigating psychological topics.

A. theory
B. statement
C. perspective
D. analysis
Answer» C. perspective
76.

______________ focuses on designing programs that promote the intellectual, social, and emotional development of children, including those with special needs.

A. school psychology
B. educational psychology
C. personality psychology
D. developmental psychology
Answer» A. school psychology
77.

Once a researcher has identified a question or issue to be investigated, it must be posed in the form of a _____________ that can be tested empirically.

A. problem
B. methodology
C. theory
D. hypothesis
Answer» D. hypothesis
78.

Naturalistic observation, surveys, case studies, and correlational studies are commonly used ______________ methods.

A. descriptive
B. experimental
C. operational
D. quantitative
Answer» A. descriptive
79.

A tentative explanation that tries to account for the diverse findings on the same topic is called a ______________ or a model.

A. problem
B. method
C. theory
D. hypothesis
Answer» C. theory
80.

Factors that can change or vary and are capable of being observed, measured, and verified are called ____________.

A. statistics
B. variables
C. theory
D. hypothesis
Answer» B. variables
81.

_________________ is a statistical technique that involves combining and analyzing the results of many research studies on a specific topic in order to identify overall trends.

A. correlation
B. regression
C. meta-analysis
D. content-analysis
Answer» C. meta-analysis
82.

Even experiments conducted in natural settings have disadvantages, such as a ___________ in experimental control.

A. increase
B. decrease
C. difference
D. varying
Answer» B. decrease
83.

_________________ is an experimental technique in which the researchers, but not the subjects, are aware of the critical information about the experiment.

A. single-blind
B. double-blind
C. ethnography
D. field study
Answer» A. single-blind
84.

The ________________ variable in an experiment is purposely manipulated in order to effect a change in other variable.

A. dependent
B. independent
C. extraneous
D. control
Answer» B. independent
85.

_____________ is an intensive, in-depth investigation of an individual and can involve compiling data from a wide variety of different sources.

A. observation
B. survey
C. case-study
D. questionnaire
Answer» C. case-study
86.

___________________ is the tendency to use your own culture as the standard for judging other cultures.

A. cross-cultures
B. ethnocentrism
C. culturism
D. pseudo- cultures
Answer» B. ethnocentrism
87.

________________ involves the presentation or addition of a reinforcing stimulus following an operant.

A. positive reinforcement
B. negative reinforcement
C. continuous reinforcement
D. partial reinforcement
Answer» A. positive reinforcement
88.

________________ refers to the presentation of an event or stimulus following a behavior that acts to decrease the likelihood of the behavior being repeated.

A. positive reinforcement
B. negative reinforcement
C. punishment
D. partial reinforcement
Answer» C. punishment
89.

____________________ is the application of learning principles to help people develop more effective or adaptive behaviors.

A. defense mechanism
B. behavior modification
C. positive reinforcement
D. adaptation
Answer» B. behavior modification
90.

_________________ is the operant conditioning procedure of selectively reinforcing successively closer approximations of a goal behavior until the goal behavior is displayed.

A. modeling
B. shaping
C. sublimation
D. reinforcing
Answer» B. shaping
91.

_________________ is Skinner’s term for an actively emitted behavior that operates on the environment to produce consequences.

A. classical
B. reinforce
C. operant
D. punishment
Answer» C. operant
92.

A ________________ reinforcer is a stimulus or event that is naturally or inherently reinforcing for a given species, such as food, water, or other biological necessities.

A. positive
B. negative
C. primary
D. secondary
Answer» C. primary
93.

___________________ refers to gradual weakening and disappearance of conditioned behavior when it is no longer followed by a reinforcer.

A. extinction
B. negative reinforcement
C. partial reinforcement
D. punishment
Answer» A. extinction
94.

________________ is the basic learning process that involves changing the probability of a response being repeated by manipulating the consequences of that response.

A. classical conditioning
B. defense mechanism
C. operant conditioning
D. punishment
Answer» C. operant conditioning
95.

Learning that is not reflected in actual performance is called _______________ learning.

A. cognitive
B. observational
C. latent
D. operant
Answer» C. latent
96.

___________________ is an American psychologist who experimentally investigated observational learning, emphasizing the role of cognitive factors.

A. ivan pavlov b.
B. f.skinner c. edward .
C. tolman
D. albert bandura
Answer» D. albert bandura
97.

__________________ is an American psychologist who experimentally demonstrated the involvement of cognitive processes in classical conditioning.

A. robert .a. rescorla b.
B. f.skinner c. edward .
C. tolman
D. albert bandura
Answer» A. robert .a. rescorla b.
98.

_____________ is the tendency of an animal to revert to its instinctive behaviors that can interfere with the performance of an operantly conditioned response.

A. aversion
B. instinctive drift
C. latent learning
D. law of effect
Answer» B. instinctive drift
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