400+ Political Theory Solved MCQs

301.

The statement, "Liberty is the freedom of individual to express without external hindrances, his personality”, is associated with

A. G.D.H. Cole
B. Hayek
C. Levi Strauss
D. None of the above
Answer» A. G.D.H. Cole
302.

Two Concepts of Liberty was an essay written by

A. Amartya Sen
B. Isaiah Berlin
C. Voltaire
D. Karl Popper
Answer» B. Isaiah Berlin
303.

The concept of ‘Negative liberty’ is the absence of

A. law
B. rights
C. interference
D. freedom
Answer» C. interference
304.

‘Positive liberty’ is associated with

A. egoism
B. altruism
C. punishment
D. self-realisation
Answer» D. self-realisation
305.

According to Laski, ‘Political liberty’ means

A. ‘the power to be active in the affairs of the state’
B. ‘the rights of an individual in the society’
C. ‘freedom from wants’
D. ‘the power to be active for individual liberty’
Answer» A. ‘the power to be active in the affairs of the state’
306.

Individual liberty is understood as the freedom to pursue one’s

A. Rights and obligation without limitation
B. desires and interests without any violation with the liberty of others
C. follow government order without questioning the intention
D. unlimited rights and freedom
Answer» B. desires and interests without any violation with the liberty of others
307.

Which is not part of individual liberty

A. freedom of speech and expression
B. freedom of religion
C. freedom to violate the State law
D. freedom of fear
Answer» C. freedom to violate the State law
308.

Liberty means the absence of

A. rights
B. conscience
C. restraint
D. morality
Answer» C. restraint
309.

On the Jewish Question, Marx linked personal liberty to

A. egoism and private property
B. rights and universal altruism
C. the rights of man
D. Socio-cultural conditions of men
Answer» A. egoism and private property
310.

The term ‘equality’ is derived from Latin Word

A. equal
B. aequitas
C. elista
D. equinox
Answer» B. aequitas
311.

Who defines, “Equality means equal rights for all the people and the abolition of all special rights and privileges”?

A. Green
B. MacIver
C. Marshall
D. Barker
Answer» D. Barker
312.

Aristotle had expounded two kinds of equality i.e.,

A. horizontal and perpendicular
B. numerical and proportional
C. negative and positive
D. none of the above
Answer» B. numerical and proportional
313.

Economic equality stands for equitable distribution of

A. property and privileges in the society
B. salary and leave to the workers
C. wealth and resources in the society
D. land to the family members
Answer» C. wealth and resources in the society
314.

Legal equality is defined as equality before

A. Religious law
B. market
C. customary law
D. court of law
Answer» D. court of law
315.

Who said that, "The passion for equality made vain the hope for freedom".

A. Acton
B. Voltaire
C. Paine
D. None of the above
Answer» A. Acton
316.

The statement "Men cannot become absolutely equal unless they are entirely free" is associated with

A. Marshall
B. Green
C. Lincoln
D. Tocqueville
Answer» D. Tocqueville
317.

Liberty and equality become the two important essences in which form of government

A. Democratic
B. Autocratic
C. Socialist
D. Monarchical
Answer» A. Democratic
318.

The exponents of ‘negative relationship’ between liberty and equality holds that

A. the two are compatible
B. liberty and equality are both natural
C. liberty and equality are both artificial
D. liberty is natural but not equality
Answer» D. liberty is natural but not equality
319.

According to positive view, liberty and equality are

A. contradict to each other
B. compatible
C. non-compatible
D. oppose to each other
Answer» B. compatible
320.

Who said, “Rights are those conditions of social life without which no man can seek in general, to be himself at his best”

A. Acton
B. Skinner
C. Laski
D. Sartori
Answer» C. Laski
321.

John Locke is associated with which theory of rights?

A. legal rights
B. natural rights
C. collective rights
D. State rights
Answer» B. natural rights
322.

The differences between legal rights and moral rights are

A. moral right is visible and legal rights is not visible
B. legal right is enforced by law whereas moral right is not enforceable by state law
C. legal right is partial and moral right is impartial
D. none of the above
Answer» B. legal right is enforced by law whereas moral right is not enforceable by state law
323.

The rights to participate in the political process without any form of discrimination is under

A. economic rights
B. civic rights
C. political rights
D. natural rights
Answer» C. political rights
324.

Which is regarded as one of the principle source of human rights?

A. Universal Declaration of Human Rights
B. PETA
C. United Nations Development Programme
D. International treaties
Answer» A. Universal Declaration of Human Rights
325.

The phrase, “every state is known by the rights that it maintains” is developed by

A. Sabine
B. Green
C. Laski
D. Sabine
Answer» C. Laski
326.

Rights of Man was written by

A. Thomas Paine
B. Hemmingway
C. Laski
D. Earnest Barker
Answer» A. Thomas Paine
327.

Social welfare theory of right has been criticised by liberal theory on the ground that it limits the rights of the

A. society and State
B. individual
C. society
D. State
Answer» B. individual
328.

Who said, “a right is claim recognized by society and enforced by the state”

A. Bosanquet
B. Plato
C. Barker
D. Marshall
Answer» A. Bosanquet
329.

‘Rights’ is integrally connected with

A. equality
B. law
C. freedom
D. justice
Answer» C. freedom
330.

The phrase, “All men are created equal and they are endowed by their Creator with certain inalienable rights” is associated with

A. American Declaration of Independence
B. France Revolution
C. Glorious Revolution
D. Preamble of Indian Constitution
Answer» A. American Declaration of Independence
331.

Which is regarded as one of the basic features of the theory of natural rights

A. limitation
B. universality
C. partiality
D. artificial
Answer» B. universality
332.

Social welfare theory of rights presumes that rights are to be promoted for

A. welfare of the environmentalist
B. welfare of the individual
C. welfare of the industrialist
D. welfare of the common citizens
Answer» D. welfare of the common citizens
333.

Who among the following sees individual rights as one of the goal of public policy to maximize the total welfare of the population?

A. Utilitarian
B. Contractualist
C. Liberalist
D. Marxist
Answer» A. Utilitarian
334.

Aristotle concept of justice consists of what is lawful and fair by treating

A. Unequal equally
B. Equal unequally
C. Equal equally and unequal equally
D. equals equally and unequal unequally
Answer» D. equals equally and unequal unequally
335.

The term justice is derived from Latin word

A. jus
B. jio
C. justine
D. jam
Answer» A. jus
336.

Plato gave his theory of justice in his book

A. The Republic
B. The Allegory of the Cave
C. Apology
D. None of the above
Answer» A. The Republic
337.

Who analysed justice as a virtue to respect freedom, autonomy, and dignity of others.

A. Marx
B. Rawls
C. Kant
D. Dreze
Answer» C. Kant
338.

Who said, "Justice is the chiefest interest of man"?

A. Daniel Webster
B. Kant
C. Kothari
D. Merriam
Answer» A. Daniel Webster
339.

Who defined justice as “the virtue by which all people are given their due”

A. Aquinas
B. Machiavelli
C. Augustine
D. Nelsen
Answer» C. Augustine
340.

Natural justice is the concept originated from

A. State law
B. Court of law
C. Religion
D. Law of nature
Answer» D. Law of nature
341.

Which is not parts of distributive justice

A. free primary education
B. free speech
C. free health care
D. none of the above
Answer» B. free speech
342.

Who is the author of Principles of Social Justice?

A. Anne Phillips
B. Jean Dreze
C. David Miller
D. Macmillan
Answer» C. David Miller
343.

Political justice implies the process in which everyone has the liberty to exert their basic political rights under

A. the protection of the State
B. the protection of community
C. the guidance of God
D. the protection of election authority
Answer» A. the protection of the State
344.

The principle of Legal justice is defined by

A. customary practices
B. court of law
C. church
D. moral principles
Answer» B. court of law
345.

Corrective justice is a concept in which

A. the wrongdoer should not benefit from his faulty behaviours
B. the wrongdoer should benefit from his faulty behaviours
C. the wrongdoer should be punished without any trail
D. the accused is set free
Answer» A. the wrongdoer should not benefit from his faulty behaviours
346.

“Justice as fairness” is associated with

A. Taylor
B. Kymlicka
C. Green
D. Rawls
Answer» D. Rawls
347.

Which of the following book was written by John Rawls?

A. Social Justice
B. A Theory of Justice
C. Game Theory
D. Theory of Rights
Answer» B. A Theory of Justice
348.

Rawls defined justice in terms of maximum equal liberty based on

A. equal rights
B. social justice
C. moral justice
D. equal opportunity
Answer» D. equal opportunity
349.

Social justice fought against

A. social and economic discrimination in the society
B. restraint
C. unequal liberty and rights in the society
D. private property of the rich in the society
Answer» A. social and economic discrimination in the society
350.

According to Rawls, social and economic inequalities are to be arranged

A. for liberty to prevails
B. to promote equality
C. to the greatest benefit of the least advantaged
D. to benefit the least advance group in the society
Answer» C. to the greatest benefit of the least advantaged
351.

In Rawls’ principles of justice, equal opportunity was preceded over by

A. basic equal liberties
B. basic rights
C. equal benefits
D. none of the above
Answer» A. basic equal liberties
352.

The Idea of Justice was written by

A. Popper
B. Harrier
C. Amartya Sen
D. Nehru
Answer» C. Amartya Sen
353.

Democracy is derived from Greek words, ‘demos’ and

A. Cracy
B. Kratos
C. Korinth
D. Krates
Answer» B. Kratos
354.

In popular democracy, the ultimate authority rests with the

A. people
B. council of minister
C. legislature
D. court
Answer» A. people
355.

Who defined democracy as, “Government of the people, by the people, for the people”?

A. Thomas Jefferson
B. Gandhi
C. John Adams
D. Abraham Lincoln
Answer» D. Abraham Lincoln
356.

The method of direct democracy is based on

A. selective franchise
B. universal adult franchise
C. initiative
D. referendum
Answer» B. universal adult franchise
357.

Direct democracy still prevails in

A. Russia
B. USA
C. Switzerland
D. China
Answer» C. Switzerland
358.

Which was the first country in which all women had the right to vote?

A. Australia
B. India
C. New Zealand
D. Switzerland
Answer» C. New Zealand
359.

In 2011, who became the most recent country to grant women's suffrage

A. Saudi Arabia
B. UAE
C. North Korea
D. Cuba
Answer» A. Saudi Arabia
360.

Vilfredo Pareto discussed the elitist theory of democracy in his book

A. The Ruling Class
B. The Mind and Society
C. Political Parties
D. Politics
Answer» B. The Mind and Society
361.

Who wrote the book, The Ruling Class to explain elitist theory of democracy?

A. Mosca
B. Michaels
C. Whitehall
D. Signur
Answer» A. Mosca
362.

Robert Michels in his book Political Parties developed

A. Iron law of oligarchy
B. Supremacy of Elite
C. Class divisions
D. Game Theory
Answer» A. Iron law of oligarchy
363.

The book, Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy was written by

A. Jackson
B. Karl Mannheim
C. Joseph Schumpeter
D. Anthony Downs
Answer» C. Joseph Schumpeter
364.

Which of the following is the characteristic of elite theory of democracy?

A. proletariat revolution
B. the majority rule over the minority
C. the minority are suppressed by the majority class
D. the minor dominant class ruled over the majority mass
Answer» D. the minor dominant class ruled over the majority mass
365.

According to elitist theory, the role of people is to choose their rulers from

A. competing elites
B. the mass
C. the aristocrats
D. the working class
Answer» A. competing elites
366.

For the Marxist, the elite theory is the justification and defendant of the capitalism under

A. consociational democracy
B. social democracy
C. distributive democracy
D. liberal democracy
Answer» D. liberal democracy
367.

Pluralist theory of democracy believes in

A. monarchical rule in a given society
B. political system controlled by single authority
C. political system where there is more than one centre of power
D. promotion of communism for the mass majority
Answer» C. political system where there is more than one centre of power
368.

“Who Governs? Power and Democracy in an American City”, the study published in 1961 was associated with

A. Robert Dalh
B. Irving
C. Macpherson
D. None of the above
Answer» A. Robert Dalh
369.

Rethinking Democracy was written by

A. Rajeev Bhargava
B. Atul Kohli
C. C.P. Brambri
D. Rajni Kothari
Answer» D. Rajni Kothari
370.

Identities and Rights: Aspects of Liberal Democracy in India was written by

A. Gurpreet Mahajan
B. Kohli
C. Vinay Kumar
D. Partha Chaterjee
Answer» A. Gurpreet Mahajan
371.

What is the term used by Marxs and Engles to understand democracy under capitalism?

A. Liberal democracy
B. Consociational democracy
C. Deliberative democracy
D. Petty bourgeois democracy
Answer» D. Petty bourgeois democracy
372.

A combination of free market economy and universal adult franchise represent

A. Social democracy
B. Welfare state
C. Western Liberal Democracy
D. Chinese democracy
Answer» C. Western Liberal Democracy
373.

The working of democracy in India is based on the system of

A. direct democracy
B. representation
C. intuitive
D. selection
Answer» B. representation
374.

According to Marxist theory, true political representation must be conceived only as the people’s self-representation based on

A. universal enfranchisement
B. representation
C. selective enfranchisement
D. none of the above
Answer» A. universal enfranchisement
375.

For the Marxist the only genuine democracy is

A. Deliberative democracy
B. Classical democracy
C. Socialist democracy
D. Liberal democracy
Answer» C. Socialist democracy
376.

The Marxian theory underlined the need for a democratic society based on

A. abolition of class
B. equality of opportunity
C. abolition of liberty
D. abolition of rights
Answer» A. abolition of class
377.

The End of History and the Last Man, in support of western liberal democracy and criticism to Marxism, was written by

A. Huntington
B. Edward Said
C. Herbert Lewis
D. Francis Fukuyama
Answer» D. Francis Fukuyama
378.

Liberal democracy traces its origins in the West in the 18th century to the

A. The Great Depression
B. The giant leap
C. Age of Enlightenment
D. Age of darkness
Answer» C. Age of Enlightenment
379.

Western Liberal democracy is based on the principles of the political system that allows

A. socialism and capitalism to co-exist
B. political liberties and democratic rules
C. political liberties and despotic rules
D. regeneration of authoritarian State
Answer» B. political liberties and democratic rules
380.

One of the basic characteristics of liberal democracy is

A. limited government
B. absolute sovereignty
C. unlimited government
D. socialism
Answer» A. limited government
381.

Which is not the features of liberal democracy?

A. equal opportunity to participate in a political system
B. protection of individual liberty and rights
C. free market economy
D. disappearance of class and promotion of stateless society
Answer» D. disappearance of class and promotion of stateless society
382.

Which political theory stand as a challenge to liberal democracy?

A. Liberalism
B. Multiculturalism
C. Individualism
D. None of the above
Answer» B. Multiculturalism
383.

Who distinguished between the “liberty of the ancients” and the “liberty of the moderns.”

A. John Adams
B. Benjamin Franklin
C. Benjamin Constant
D. Jefferson
Answer» C. Benjamin Constant
384.

Modern liberal democracy is based on the principles of

A. Individual liberty
B. Socialism
C. Welfarism
D. Indigenous rights
Answer» A. Individual liberty
385.

Liberal democracy is strongly criticised for its inapplicability in the

A. North America
B. West Europe
C. Developed nations
D. Third World countries
Answer» D. Third World countries
386.

Welfare State seeks to promote

A. communism
B. morality
C. individuality
D. collective welfare of citizens
Answer» D. collective welfare of citizens
387.

A welfare state performs

A. only welfare functions
B. both protective and welfare functions
C. only protective functions
D. protection to capitalism
Answer» B. both protective and welfare functions
388.

A theory of Welfare State believes State as

A. an end
B. a mean
C. neither a means nor an end
D. both a mean and an end
Answer» B. a mean
389.

Who considered that ‘welfare state is a distinctive combination of democracy, welfare, and capitalism’

A. Marshall
B. Green
C. Hobbes
D. Tagore
Answer» A. Marshall
390.

Welfare state is a system in which the government undertakes the main responsibility for providing

A. individual security and liberty
B. protection to private property
C. minimum social security and economic upliftment
D. maximum economic security
Answer» C. minimum social security and economic upliftment
391.

The origin of modern welfare state can be traced back to 19th century in

A. Germany under Otto von Bismarck
B. England under Constitutional Monarchy
C. France Republic
D. England under Queen Victoria
Answer» A. Germany under Otto von Bismarck
392.

In the 20th Century, the creation of the welfare state was motivated by failures of

A. Communist idea of stateless
B. Protectorate state
C. Socialism
D. liberal notion of free market economy
Answer» D. liberal notion of free market economy
393.

Which is not among the basic principles of welfare state?

A. concentration of nation’s wealth under capitalist
B. protection of basic rights and liberties
C. equality of opportunity
D. equitable distribution of wealth
Answer» A. concentration of nation’s wealth under capitalist
394.

The welfare state is possible only in which form of government

A. Authoritarian
B. Monarchy
C. Democratic
D. Authoritarian
Answer» C. Democratic
395.

One of the basic features of welfare state is

A. plan economy
B. free market economy
C. liberalised economy
D. none of the above
Answer» A. plan economy
396.

Welfare state as model of development attempt to integrate

A. individual liberty and economic policies to support market economy
B. social and economic policies to provide minimum basic security of life
C. capitalism with socialism for mixed economy
D. globalization and liberalization to boost the economy
Answer» B. social and economic policies to provide minimum basic security of life
397.

Developed and advanced countries could provide welfare schemes particularly through

A. donations
B. low taxation
C. high salary
D. high taxation
Answer» D. high taxation
398.

The relevance of welfare state can be attributed to

A. economic insecurities and social dislocation
B. failure of democracy
C. success of socialist regime
D. rise of socialism
Answer» A. economic insecurities and social dislocation
399.

India is considered welfare state because it provides

A. Free market economy
B. Tax exemption to crony capitalists
C. free health care, employments guaranteed, PDS system, etc.
D. free loan to the industrialists
Answer» C. free health care, employments guaranteed, PDS system, etc.
400.

With the outbreak of COVID19, the relevance of welfare state has reached its zenith because

A. it is the responsibility of every national government to provide socio-economic security to the affected person due to disease, lockdown and other complications.
B. every national government open up the market to fights recession
C. it is the responsibility of every nation to established democratic form of government.
D. it is the responsibility of every national government to privatized health care system
Answer» A. it is the responsibility of every national government to provide socio-economic security to the affected person due to disease, lockdown and other complications.
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