Chapter: Rocks and Mountains
1.

The soil material is mainly derived from:

A. metamorphic rocks
B. sedimentary rocks
C. igneous rocks
D. biological action
Answer» B. sedimentary rocks
2.

The theory of continental drift is supported by: 1. similarities between the coastline of South America and Africa 2. the similarity of rocks of Central Africa, southern India, Brazil and Australia 3. evidence of fossils 4. survival of marsupials in Australia

A. I and II
B. I, II and III
C. II, III and IV
D. I, II, III and IV
Answer» D. I, II, III and IV
3.

The 'ring of fire' : 1. is associated with earthquakes 2. is associated with volca noes 3. goes round the Pacific Ocean 4. is associated with forest fires

A. 1, 2 and 3
B. 2 and 3
C. 2 and 4
D. 1, 2, 3 and 4
Answer» A. 1, 2 and 3
4.

In which type of rocks are coal and petroleum found?

A. Granite
B. Igneous
C. Metamorphic
D. Sedimentary
Answer» D. Sedimentary
5.

Which metal is most abundant in the earth's crust?

A. Calcium
B. Magnesium
C. Aluminium
D. Iron
Answer» C. Aluminium
6.

Molten rock below the surface of the earth is called:

A. Basalt
B. Laccolith
C. Lava
D. Magma
Answer» D. Magma
7.

The Himalayas were formed due to :

A. internal pressure of two large land forms
B. faulting of the earth's crust
C. folding of the earth's crust
D. folding of the geo-syncline named Tethys
Answer» D. folding of the geo-syncline named Tethys
8.

What is Weathering?

A. Removal of earth's material by river action
B. Removal of earth's material by wind action
C. Breaking up and disintegration of rocks
D. Hardening up of rocks due to weather conditions
Answer» C. Breaking up and disintegration of rocks
9.

Which of the following is a chemical weathering process ?

A. Frost Action
B. Hydraulic Action
C. Oxidation
D. Thermal Expansion
Answer» C. Oxidation
10.

Which of the following predominantly acts as the agent of chemical erosion of soil?

A. Glacier
B. Seawave
C. Underground water
D. Wind
Answer» C. Underground water
11.

The most ideal conditions for the chemical weathering are found in : [CDS 1993]

A. cold and dry regions
B. cold and humid regions
C. hot and dry regions
D. hot and humid regions
Answer» D. hot and humid regions
12.

Which of the following represents d process of chemical weathering? [CDS 1991]

A. Thermal expansion and contraction
B. Mass exfoliation
C. Hydration and Hydrolysis
D. Frost action and crystal growth
Answer» C. Hydration and Hydrolysis
13.

Soil erosion can be prevented by:

A. allowing herbivorous animals to graze freely
B. growing plants on a large scale to form soil cover
C. making the land sloppy
D. adding chemicals to increase cohesion
Answer» B. growing plants on a large scale to form soil cover
14.

Formation of pot holes in river beds is an example of:

A. hydration
B. erosion
C. corrosion
D. attrition
Answer» C. corrosion
15.

Exposure of rock to the changes of temperature is the cause of: [IFS 1990]

A. Biological weathering
B. Chemical weathering
C. Degradational weathering
D. Mechanical weathering
Answer» D. Mechanical weathering
16.

The removal of rock, layer by layer due to weathering is called: [NDA 2001]

A. block disintegration
B. dellation
C. exfoliation
D. granular disintegration
Answer» C. exfoliation
17.

The denudational processes have not reduced the land masses to a level because: [IAS 2003]

A. the sea level is changing
B. the earth movements have uplifted the landmass
C. there has not been enough time
D. these processes are intermittent in action
Answer» B. the earth movements have uplifted the landmass
18.

Which of the following is not an agent which produces physical features ?

A. Denudation
B. Deposition
C. Volcanic eruption
D. Conduction
Answer» D. Conduction
19.

Bowl shaped depression created as a result of glacial erosion high on a mountain side is called: [IAS 2004]

A. Glacial trough
B. Hum
C. Hanging Valley
D. Cirque
Answer» D. Cirque
20.

Decaying .vegetation produces organic acids which causes a breakdown of minerals. This is :

A. physical weathering
B. chemical weathering
C. both (a) and (b)
D. chemical erosion
Answer» B. chemical weathering
21.

Which of the following statements is/are not true? 1. Chemical weathering is most common in limestone rocks 2. Chemical weathering is most active in wet regions with higher temperature 3. Rain action is a form of chemical weathering 4. Exfoliation is a process of chemical weathering

A. A and D
B. B and C
C. A and B
D. D
Answer» D. D
22.

A V-shaped valley is a feature produced by:

A. youthful river
B. mature river
C. old river
D. all of the above
Answer» A. youthful river
23.

Residual hill in the desert region is known as : [IAS 2004]

A. Inlier
B. Inselberg
C. Playa
D. Pediment
Answer» B. Inselberg
24.

Although hot deserts have a very low annual rainfall, occasional heavy rain storms do occur and these sometimes produce steep-sided, flat-floored valleys called:

A. gorges
B. wadi
C. canyons
D. barchans
Answer» B. wadi
25.

A weathering process in which layers of rocks peel off as expansion alternates with contraction, is known as :

A. Shattering
B. Block separation
C. Granular disintegration
D. Exfoliation
Answer» D. Exfoliation
26.

Which one of the following statements is correct? [NDA 2004] Chemical weathering includes:

A. oxidation, reduction and exfoliation
B. carbonation, oxidation and exfoliation
C. exfoliation, solution and reduction
D. solution, oxidation and reduction
Answer» D. solution, oxidation and reduction
27.

Which one of the following plate movements is responsible for the formation of midocean ridge? [IAS 2004]

A. Divergent movement
B. Convergent movement
C. Transform fault movement
D. Parallel movement
Answer» A. Divergent movement
28.

A valley with steep, parallel walls along the faultlines, formed by the subsidence of a part of earth's crust is known as : [CDS 2004]

A. Hanging Valley
B. Gorge
C. Canyon
D. Rift Valley
Answer» D. Rift Valley
29.

Out of the following geomorphic processes which one is associated with the work of glaciers? [NDA 2003]

A. Corrosion
B. Attrition
C. Corrasion
D. Plucking
Answer» D. Plucking
30.

Which of the following is/are matched correctly? 1. Earthquake's origin - seismic focus 2. Epicentre - point on earth's surface directly above seismic focus 3. 5 waves - similar to sound waves 4. Richter scale - severity of earthquake

A. 1, 2, 3
B. 1, 2, 3 and 4
C. 2 and 4
D. 3 and 4
Answer» B. 1, 2, 3 and 4
31.

Which of the following is/are the correct characteristic(s) of primary seismic wave? [IAS 2004]

A. It is a longitudinal and compressional wave
B. It is analogous to sound waves
C. It travels with faster speed through solids but slowly through liquids
D. All the above three
Answer» D. All the above three
32.

Consider the following statements: 1. P - waves are the first seismic waves to reach a place 2. S - waves travel only through liquids 3. Arrival time of P and S - waves is used to locate the epicentre 4. Richter scale is a logarithmic scale Which of the statements given above are correct? [IAS2004]

A. 1, 2 and 3
B. 1, 3 and 4
C. 1 and 4
D. 3 and 4
Answer» B. 1, 3 and 4
33.

The problem of leaching of the soil is more pronounced in the areas where the rainfall is:

A. scanty
B. less than average
C. average
D. heavy
Answer» D. heavy
34.

Moon shaped sand-dunes, formed by wind action are called:

A. Cirque
B. Bajada
C. Barkhans
D. Mesa
Answer» C. Barkhans
35.

When almost all the elevated portions are worn down by river erosion reducing an area to almost a plain region, it is termed as [CDS 1992]

A. Fanplain
B. Panplain
C. Pediplain
D. Peneplain
Answer» D. Peneplain
36.

Which of the following influence the erosion of soil by water? [Railways 1994] 1. Slope of the land 2. Management practice like terracing 3. Soil salinity

A. 1, 2 and 3
B. 1 and 2
C. 2 and 3
D. 1 and 3
Answer» B. 1 and 2
37.

Which of the following is the highest plateau in the world? [CDS 1992]

A. Colorado Plateau
B. Pamir Plateau
C. Patagonia Plateau
D. Potwar Plateau
Answer» B. Pamir Plateau
38.

Which is the proper order of seismic waves as they are received at seismograph station?

A. L-wave, P-wave, S-wave
B. P-wave, L-wave, S-wave
C. P-wave, S-wave, L-wave
D. S-wave, P-wave, L-wave
Answer» C. P-wave, S-wave, L-wave
39.

Which European country has over 200 volcanoes, many of them still active?

A. Finland
B. Iceland
C. Ireland
D. Norway
Answer» B. Iceland
40.

Earthquakes occur frequently in :

A. Eastern coast of Asia
B. Islands of South East Pacific Ocean
C. Western coast of America
D. all of the above areas
Answer» D. all of the above areas
41.

The epicentre of an earthquake is the: [CDS 1992]

A. point where P-waves touch the surface
B. nearest point to the surface from the focus perpendicular to the earth's surface
C. point of intersection of P and S wave fronts
D. antipodal point
Answer» B. nearest point to the surface from the focus perpendicular to the earth's surface
42.

Japan experiences frequent earth- quakes because it is located : [CDS 1994]

A. on the eastern coast of Asia
B. on the meeting point of two plates of the earth's crust
C. amidst the ocean
D. in the volcanic belt
Answer» B. on the meeting point of two plates of the earth's crust
43.

Which of the following belts are associated with seismic activity? [NDA 1994] 1. Circum-Pacific Belt 2. Circum-Atlantic Belt 3. Mid-Continental Belt 4. Mid-Atlantic Belt

A. 1, 2 and 4
B. 1, 3 and 4
C. 1, 2 and 3
D. 2, 3 and 4
Answer» B. 1, 3 and 4
44.

Earthquakes occur due to: [Bank PO 1994]

A. frequent occurrence of cyclones
B. movement of plates of earth, which float on the hot volcanic mantle below the earth's surface
C. too much pressure on land
D. underground nuclear explosions
Answer» B. movement of plates of earth, which float on the hot volcanic mantle below the earth's surface
45.

The movement inside the Earth's crust is studied by: [CDS 1992]

A. Geodesy
B. Geology
C. Plate Tectonics
D. Seismology
Answer» D. Seismology
46.

Tsunami is a large sea wave caused by an earthquake experienced along the coasts of: [NDA 1991]

A. India
B. China
C. Australia
D. Japan
Answer» D. Japan
47.

The intensity of earthquakes is measured on : [NDA 1992]

A. Beaufort scale
B. Richter scale
C. Secant scale
D. Mercalli scale
Answer» B. Richter scale
48.

The transverse, longitudinal and surface waves in an earthquake originate from:

A. the focus within the body of the earth
B. the focus on the surface of the earth
C. the epicentre on the surface of the earth
D. the epicentre within the body of the earth
Answer» A. the focus within the body of the earth
49.

Earthquakes rarely occur in: [NDA 1990]

A. Alaska
B. Brazil
C. Mexico
D. New Zealand
Answer» B. Brazil
50.

Which of the following features is the product of vulcanicity ? [NDA 2008]

A. Fold Mountain
B. Escarpment
C. Geosynclines
D. Caldera
Answer» D. Caldera
51.

Which of the following is not a sedimentary rock?

A. Limestone
B. Marble
C. Sandstone
D. Shale
Answer» B. Marble
52.

Which of the following pairs is correct ?

A. Shale-possesses laminations
B. Quartzite-soft rock
C. Granite-sometimes contains fossils
D. Basalt-coarse grained rock
Answer» A. Shale-possesses laminations
53.

Which of the following rocks is transformed into marble? [NDA 1991]

A. Granite
B. Limestone
C. Peat
D. Shale
Answer» B. Limestone
54.

The principal reason for the formation of metamorphic rocks is :

A. Decomposition of sediments
B. Deposition of remains of plants and animals
C. Extreme heat and pressure
D. Solidification of magma
Answer» C. Extreme heat and pressure
55.

In which type of rocks are metals like gold and copper mostly found? [IAS 1992]

A. Old Sedimentary
B. Old Igneous
C. Old Metamorphic
D. New Metamorphic
Answer» B. Old Igneous
56.

Which of the following is a metamorphic rock?

A. Slate
B. Sandstone
C. Shole
D. Limestone
Answer» A. Slate
57.

The type of igneous rocks which are formed midway between volcanic and plutonic rocks, are known as :

A. Basalt
B. Hypabyssal
C. Laccolith
D. Batholith
Answer» B. Hypabyssal
58.

Rocks which are formed by the solidification of lava on the earth's surface are: [MBA 1992]

A. Sandstone
B. Limestone
C. Granites
D. Basalts
Answer» D. Basalts
59.

How are the caves of the world's greatest fold mountains formed?

A. Regular movement
B. Vertical movement
C. Horizontal movement
D. Compressional movement
Answer» D. Compressional movement
60.

Which of the following is a block mountain?

A. Andes
B. Alps
C. Rockies
D. Vosges
Answer» D. Vosges
61.

The highest grade of coal whose surface is shining and has the highest calorific value, is:

A. Anthracite
B. Bituminous
C. Lignite
D. Peat
Answer» A. Anthracite
62.

Which of the following forms of coal is the oldest? [IES 1991]

A. Peat
B. Lignite
C. Bituminous
D. Anthracite
Answer» D. Anthracite
63.

Which form of coal is mainly suitable for producing thermal power? [CDS 2001]

A. Anthracite
B. Bituminous
C. Lignite
D. Peat
Answer» B. Bituminous
64.

Which of the following types of coal represents the first stage of formation of coal?

A. Anthracite
B. Lignite
C. Peat
D. Bituminous
Answer» C. Peat
65.

Which of the following is/are the examples of the sedimentary rocks? [IAS 2003] 1. Limestone 2. Dolomite 3. Breccia 4. Coal

A. 1 and 2
B. 2 and 4
C. 1, 2 and 4
D. 1, 2, 3 and 4
Answer» C. 1, 2 and 4
66.

The best representative of the acid igneous rocks is : [IAS 2003]

A. Basalt
B. Granite
C. Dolerite
D. Gabbro
Answer» B. Granite
67.

Igneous rocks are said to be acidic when they contain high proportion of:

A. iron
B. magnesium
C. silica
D. aluminium
Answer» C. silica
68.

Batholiths and Laccoliths are formations of: [NDA 2003]

A. sedimentary rocks
B. igneous rocks
C. metamorphic rocks
D. polymetamorphosed rocks
Answer» B. igneous rocks
69.

A block of the earth's crust that has remained in position while the ground around it has subsides is known as : [NDA 2001]

A. horst
B. plain
C. plateau
D. young folded mountain
Answer» A. horst
70.

Consider the following statements: 1. Igneous rocks are classified into Extrusive and Intrusive rocks. 2. Sedimentary rocks are also called as Primary rocks 3. Marble is an example of Metamorphic rocks 4. Coal is a sedimentary rock Which of the above statements is/are correct? [NDA 2002]

A. 1 only
B. 2 and 3
C. 1, 3 and 4
D. 2 and 4
Answer» C. 1, 3 and 4
71.

India broke away from Australia and Antarctica and started moving north in the period of: [IAS 2003]

A. Permian
B. Triassic
C. Jurassic
D. Cretaceous
Answer» D. Cretaceous
72.

The well-defined zones of seismic activity in the world where the largest number of earthquakes originates is :

A. Mediterranean Zone
B. Circum Pacific Belt
C. Mid oceanic Rift Valley Zone
D. African Rift Valley Zone
Answer» B. Circum Pacific Belt
73.

Which one of the following types of volcanic eruptions is not usually explosive? [IAS 2007]

A. Pelean
B. Hawaiian
C. Strombolian
D. Vulcanian
Answer» B. Hawaiian
74.

Which of the following are true with regard to igneous rocks? 1. They are formed inside the earth, under great pressure 2. They do not occur in layer 3. They are mostly crystalline in nature 4. They contain fossils

A. I, II and III
B. II, III and IV
C. II and III
D. I and IV
Answer» B. II, III and IV
75.

Which of the following are true with respect to sedimentary rocks? 1. The rocks are deposited in layers 2. The particles of rocks are at times wholly of organic nature 3. The rocks are not crystalline 4. Their structure is determined by great pressure or heat

A. I, II and III
B. II and III
C. I and IV
D. I and II
Answer» A. I, II and III
76.

Who gave the idea that originally there was only one continent called Pangea ?

A. Wegener
B. Marshall
C. Darwin
D. Ptolemy
Answer» A. Wegener
77.

What is the difference between a geyser and a hot spring?

A. Water is ejected explosively in a geyser
B. Water from the geyser may be cold
C. Geysers are found on volcanic mountains
D. Geysers are more common in cold countries
Answer» A. Water is ejected explosively in a geyser
78.

The features produced by glacial deposition are: 1. outwash plains 2. drumlins 3. eskers 4. levees

A. 1, 2, 3
B. 1, 3, 4
C. 2, 3, 4
D. 1, 2, 3, 4
Answer» A. 1, 2, 3
79.

Consider the following statements: 1. The acid lava usually melts at a relatively higher temperature as compared to basic (basaltic) lava. 2. The acid lava solidifies into glass-like sheets and the basaltic lava solidifies into rough surfaces. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? [IAS 2007]

A. 1 only
B. 2 only
C. Both 1 and 2
D. Neither 1 nor 2
Answer» C. Both 1 and 2
80.

Alps mountains are spread over [IAS 2009]

A. France, Switzerland, Italy, Romania
B. France, Switzerland, Italy, Austria
C. France, Switzerland, Italy, Spain
D. France, Switzerland, Italy, Belgium
Answer» B. France, Switzerland, Italy, Austria
81.

Why do Fold Mountains have enormous thickness of sedimentary rocks? [CDS 2011]

A. Due to deposition of sediments in a valley for millions of years
B. Due to accumulation of sediments in a geosyncline
C. The plains were folded into mountains
D. The sediments were folded into recumbent and nappe folds
Answer» B. Due to accumulation of sediments in a geosyncline
82.

Consider the following statements about rocks: 1. Shale becomes Slate through metamorphosis. 2. Shale is converted to Slate when· it is subjected to tremendous pressure and high temperature. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? [NOA 2010]

A. 1 only
B. 2 only
C. Both 1 and 2
D. Neither 1 nor 2
Answer» C. Both 1 and 2
83.

Which one of the following reflects back more sunlight as compared to other three? [IAS 2010]

A. Sand desert
B. Paddy crop land
C. Land covered with fresh snow
D. Prairie land
Answer» C. Land covered with fresh snow
84.

The soil formed by wind dust in and around hot deserts is called [CDS 2012]

A. silty soil
B. loamy soil
C. sandy soil
D. loess soil
Answer» D. loess soil
85.

Which one among the following is the type of the Comoros Islands which lie in the Indian Ocean between Northern Madagascar and the African Coast? [CDS 2012]

A. Volcanic
B. Glacial eroded
C. Eolian deposited
D. Folded
Answer» A. Volcanic
86.

Which one of the following processes of weathering belongs to both mechanical and chemical weathering? [NDA 2011]

A. Crystallization
B. Exfoliation
C. Hydration
D. Carbonation
Answer» A. Crystallization
87.

Which of the following statements is/are correct? 1. The major constituent mineral of granite rock is quartz. 2. The major constituent mineral of sandstone rock is feldspar. 3. The major constituent mineral of limestone rock is dolomite. Select the correct answer using the code given below: [NDA 2011]

A. 1, 2 and 3
B. 3 only
C. 1 and 2 only
D. 2 and 3 only
Answer» C. 1 and 2 only
88.

Which one among the following is the largest temperate desert of the world? [NDA 2011]

A. Patagonian desert
B. Taklamakan desert
C. Iranian desert
D. Turkmen desert
Answer» A. Patagonian desert
89.

Name the Continents that form a mirror image of each other [CDS 2011]

A. North America and South America
B. Asia and Africa
C. Africa and South America
D. Europe and Asia
Answer» C. Africa and South America
90.

In which country is 'Takla Makan' desert situated? [BPSC 2011]

A. Kazakhstan
B. Turkmenistan
C. Uzbekistan
D. China
Answer» D. China
91.

Folding is the result of [BPSC 2011]

A. epeirogenetic force
B. Coriolis force
C. orogenetic force
D. exogenetic force
Answer» C. orogenetic force
92.

Continents have drifted apart because of: [BPSC 2011]

A. volcanic eruptions
B. tectonic activities
C. folding and faulting of rocks
D. All of the above
Answer» B. tectonic activities
93.

Earthquakes and volcanoes occur mostly in:

A. Plateau region
B. Deep sea plains
C. Coastal Region
D. Folded and faulted region
Answer» D. Folded and faulted region
94.

The instrument, used for recording earthquake waves is :

A. barograph
B. hydrograph
C. pantograph
D. seismograph
Answer» D. seismograph
95.

'Caldera' is a feature associated with: [IAS 1990]

A. volcanoes
B. earthquakes
C. folding of rocks
D. faulting of mountains
Answer» A. volcanoes
96.

Synclines and anticlines are the terms associated with:

A. earthquakes
B. folding
C. faulting
D. volcanoes
Answer» C. faulting
97.

Which of the following are correctly matched? 1. Active volcano : Stromboli (Sicily) 2. Dormant volcano : Vesuvius (Italy) 3. Extinct volcano : Fujiyama (Japan)

A. 1 and 2
B. 2 and 3
C. 1 and 3
D. 1, 2 and 3
Answer» D. 1, 2 and 3
98.

Mauna Loa is an example of: [Teachers' Exam 1994]

A. active volcano
B. extinct volcano
C. plateau in a volcanic region
D. dormant volcano
Answer» A. active volcano
99.

The material that comes out of a volcano at the time of eruption is : [NDA 1995]

A. solid, liquid, gaseous
B. solid and liquid
C. solid and gaseous
D. liquid and gaseous
Answer» A. solid, liquid, gaseous
100.

Which of the following pairs is correctly matched? [NDA 1992] Islands Volcanoes

A. Sicily - Mount Pelee
B. Hawaii - Stromboli
C. Java - Merapi
D. West Indies - Mauna Loa
Answer» C. Java - Merapi
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