How does Realism differ from Liberalism in the theoretical framework of International Relations?

In the discourse of International Relations, Realism and Liberalism represent two distinct theoretical perspectives. Realism is grounded in the notion of self-interest and power politics. It posits that states are primarily concerned with their own security, operate within an anarchic international system, and tend to act out of self-interest to accumulate power and ensure their survival. Key concepts associated with Realism include the balance of power, national interest, and the inevitability of conflict.

Liberalism, on the other hand, focuses on the potential for cooperation in the international system. It emphasizes the role of international institutions, interdependence, and the spread of democracy as factors that can mitigate anarchy and facilitate peaceful coexistence. Liberals believe that through institutions such as the United Nations, states can work together to solve common problems and reduce the likelihood of conflict.

Examples of a Realist approach can be seen in the Cold War balance of power politics, while Liberalism can be exemplified by the European Union's integration process. For more in-depth reading, you might refer to “Realism and World Politics” and “Liberalism and World Politics” articles housed on JSTOR.