McqMate
These multiple-choice questions (MCQs) are designed to enhance your knowledge and understanding in the following areas: General Knowledge (GK) , Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) .
| 51. |
An artificial ecosystem is represented by |
| A. | pisciculture tank |
| B. | agricultural land |
| C. | zoo |
| D. | aquarium |
| Answer» D. aquarium | |
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Explanation: An artificial ecosystem is one created by people. You can create an artificial ecosystem in an aquarium or terrarium. Nathaniel Bagshaw Ward is credited as the inventor of the terrarium, which he accidently created in 1829. |
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| 52. |
Which is the most stable ecosystem? |
| A. | Desert |
| B. | Ocean |
| C. | Mountain |
| D. | Forest |
| Answer» B. Ocean | |
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Explanation: Ecosystem can be natural or man- made, large or small, permanent or temporary, complete or incomplete, Natural ecosystem. It is an ecosystem developed -under natural conditions without any appreciable human interference. Natural ecosystem can be terrestrial (e.g., forest, desert, grassland) or aquatic (e.g., fresh water, lake, pond, river, sea). Oceans constitute the most stable ecosystem. |
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| 53. |
Which of the following exhibits unidirectional flow in an ecosystem? |
| A. | Light |
| B. | Energy |
| C. | Water |
| D. | Biomass |
| Answer» B. Energy | |
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Explanation: Ecosystems contain essentially two kinds of commodities: matter (nutrients) andenergy. Material nutrients cycle through the biotic and abiotic parts of the ecosystem, available for repeated use by the organisms in the ecosystem's community. However, energy enters an ecosystem by being used to convert low-energy carbon dioxide into high-energy carbohydrate, then passes through one or more of the organisms of the community, and is then lost to the ecosystem. Eventually, all of the energy that enters the ecosystem is lost in the form of heat. |
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| 54. |
The one who is engaged in scientific drawing of maps is called – |
| A. | Geographer |
| B. | Cartographer |
| C. | Meteorologist |
| D. | Geologist |
| Answer» B. Cartographer | |
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Explanation: A person who draws maps and charts is a cartographer. Cartographers are persons specially trained in the art and skill of map and chart making. Cartographers, that is, those who draw and prepare charts, need a very good knowledge of geography and the related details, and should also have the art of illustrating the different features of a place very vividly and clearly by using different colors and symbols. |
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| 55. |
Rubber plantations are found in – |
| A. | Temperate forests |
| B. | Mountain regions |
| C. | Polar regions |
| D. | Equatorial regions |
| Answer» D. Equatorial regions | |
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Explanation: The rubber plant grows wild in the equatorial regions of the world which are marked by rainfall of around 250 cm evenly distributed without any marked dry season and with at least 100 rainy days per year; temperature range of about 20°C to 34°C with a monthly mean of 25°C to 28°C; and high atmospheric humidity of around 80%.The three largest producing countries, Thailand, Indonesia and Malaysia, together account for around 72% of all natural rubber production. |
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| 56. |
The main cause of Tsunami is : |
| A. | Volcanoes |
| B. | Cyclones |
| C. | Earthquake on sea floor |
| D. | Moon's attraction |
| Answer» C. Earthquake on sea floor | |
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Explanation: A tsunami is a series of water waves caused by the displacement of a large volume of a body of water, typically an ocean or a large lake. Earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and other underwater explosions (including detonations of underwater nuclear devices), landslides, glacier calvings, meteorite impacts and other disturbances above or below water all have the potential to generate a tsunami. |
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| 57. |
Tides are caused by the gravitational pull of the – |
| A. | Earth on the Moon |
| B. | Earth on the Sun |
| C. | Sun and Moon on the Earth |
| D. | Moon on the Earth |
| Answer» C. Sun and Moon on the Earth | |
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Explanation: Tide-generating forces (TGF) are a result of the gravitational attraction between the earth, the sun, and the moon and the centrifugal force due to the relative motions of the moon around the earth, and the earth around the sun. While these forces exactly balance on average, the local mismatch at the earth's surface creates a horizontal force directed towards the surface points closest and farthest from the moon. |
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| 58. |
Very strong and cold icy winds that blow in the Polar regions are called – |
| A. | Typhoons |
| B. | Tornadoes |
| C. | Blizzards |
| D. | Polar winds |
| Answer» C. Blizzards | |
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Explanation: A blizzard is a severe snowstorm characterized by strong winds and low temperatures. The difference between a blizzardand a snowstorm is the strength of the wind. To be a blizzard, a snow storm must have sustained winds or frequent gusts that are greater than or equal to 56 km/h (35 mph) with blowing or drifting snow which reduces visibility to 400 meters or a quarter mile or less and must last for a prolonged period of time — typically three hours or more. |
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| 59. |
Condensation is the reverse of – |
| A. | Vaporization |
| B. | Smog |
| C. | Cirrus cloud |
| D. | Fog |
| Answer» A. Vaporization | |
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Explanation: Condensation is the change of physical state of matter from gaseous phase into liquid phase and is the reverse of vaporization. When the relative humidity reaches 100 per cent, the air is completely saturated. The air temperature is said to be as dew-point. |
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| 60. |
In atmosphere the lowermost layer is – |
| A. | troposphere |
| B. | exosphere |
| C. | ionosphere |
| D. | strato sphere |
| Answer» A. troposphere | |
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Explanation: The troposphere is the lowest portion of Earth's atmosphere. It contains approximately 80% of the atmosphere's mass and 99% of its water vapor and aerosols. The average depth of the troposphere is approximately 17 km in the middle latitudes. It is deeper in the tropics, up to 20 kin, and shallower near the Polar Regions, at 7 km in summer, and indistinct in winter. Most of the phenomena we associate with day-to-day weather occur in the troposphere |
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| 61. |
The lower layer of atmosphere is called |
| A. | exosphere |
| B. | troposphere |
| C. | ionosphere |
| D. | mesosphere |
| Answer» B. troposphere | |
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Explanation: The troposphere is the lowest layer of the Earth's atmosphere, The air is very well mixed and the temperature decreases with altitude. |
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| 62. |
Frontal Rain is caused by – |
| A. | Convection current |
| B. | Winds from sea |
| C. | Cyclonic activity |
| D. | Condensation of water evaporated from mountains |
| Answer» C. Cyclonic activity | |
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Explanation: Frontal rainfall is a type of precipitation which occurs when a warm air mass and a cold air mass meet. Extra-tropical cyclones form as waves along weather fronts before occluding later in their life cycle as cold core cyclones. Cyclogenesis is the development or strengthening of cyclonic circulation in the atmosphere (a low pressure area). |
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| 63. |
Smog is a combination of – |
| A. | air and water vapour |
| B. | water and smoke |
| C. | fire and water |
| D. | smoke and fog |
| Answer» D. smoke and fog | |
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Explanation: The term "smog' was first used in London during the early 1900's to describe the combination of smoke and fog. What we typically call "smog" today is a mixture of pollutants but is primarily made up of ground- level ozone. |
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| 64. |
The deposits of the ancient Tethys Sea were folded to form the : |
| A. | Himalayas |
| B. | Rockies |
| C. | Andes |
| D. | Alps |
| Answer» A. Himalayas | |
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Explanation: Around 200 million years ago (also known as the Middle Permian Period), an extensive sea stretched along the latitudinal area presently occupied by the Himalayas. This sea was named the Tethys. Around this period, thesuper continent Pangaea began to gradually split into different land masses and move apart in different directions. |
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| 65. |
Which one of the following types of erosion is responsible for the formation of Chambal Ravines? |
| A. | Splash |
| B. | Sheet |
| C. | Rill |
| D. | Gully |
| Answer» D. Gully | |
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Explanation: Chambal ravine formation significantly increases soil loss from agricultural lands and severely impacts agricultural productivity. A review of ephemeral gully erosion and spreading rates of the ravenous tracks of Lower Chambal Valley using geospatial tools shows that both the ravenous and the marginal lands have increased during the last 15 years. |
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| 66. |
The tropical grassland is called – |
| A. | Pampas |
| B. | Llanas |
| C. | Savanah |
| D. | Veld |
| Answer» C. Savanah | |
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Explanation: Tropical grasslands (Savannas) are located near the equator, between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn. They cover much of Africa as well as large areas of Australia, South America, and India. They are found in tropical wet and dry climates. These areas are hot year-round, usually never dropping under 64 degrees Fahrenheit. Although these areas are overall very dry, they do have a season of, heavy rain. Annual rainfall is from 20-50 inches per year. |
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| 67. |
The topography of plateau is ideal for – |
| A. | cultivation |
| B. | forestry |
| C. | mining |
| D. | generation of hydro power |
| Answer» D. generation of hydro power | |
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Explanation: The prospect of producing electricity from the hydrological resources of the Plateau region lies not, as has been suggested, in the 'region's fast flowing rivers'. The flow rate of most rivers in the region is relatively slow. However, the sloped topography of the plateau itself provides enormous capacity to generate electricity. All existing and planned hydropower projects in the region are based on the simple engineering principle of utilizing gravity to generate energy from the region's rivers. The steep escarpments found in the south-eastern portion of the region provide the natural topographical mechanism to subject the region's water resources to the energy-producing force of gravity. |
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| 68. |
Desertification can be checked by – |
| A. | plugging gullies |
| B. | checking over-grazing |
| C. | contour ploughing |
| D. | forming shelter belts |
| Answer» B. checking over-grazing | |
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Explanation: Overgrazing is the major cause of desertification worldwide. Plants of semi-arid areas are adapted to being eaten by sparsely scattered, large, grazing mammals which move in response to the patchy rainfall common to these regions. Early human pastoralists living in semi-arid areas copied this natural system. They moved their small groups of domestic animals in response to food and water availability. Such regular stock movement prevented overgrazing of the fragile plant cover. |
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| 69. |
In an iceberg floating in the sea, out of 10 parts of its mass, how much will remain above the surface of the water? |
| A. | 1 part |
| B. | 2 parts |
| C. | 4 parts |
| D. | 6 parts |
| Answer» A. 1 part | |
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Explanation: Because the density of pure ice is about 920 kg/m3, and that of sea water about1025 kg/m3, typically only one-ninth of the volume of an iceberg is above water. |
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| 70. |
The main cause of recurring flood is – |
| A. | Soil erosion |
| B. | Deforestation |
| C. | Silting of river beds |
| D. | All of the above |
| Answer» D. All of the above | |
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Explanation: Floods are caused by a variety of factors, both natural and man-made. Apart from soil erosion and silting of river beds which force the water of rivers/streams to spill over, deforestation has lately been a key factor in fostering recurrent floods. The presence of trees act as checks against water flow and in turn protect the underlying soil from getting eroded and then getting washed away. |
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| 71. |
Moraines are formed in – |
| A. | River deltas |
| B. | Arid regions |
| C. | Glacial regions |
| D. | Monsoon region |
| Answer» C. Glacial regions | |
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Explanation: A moraine is material left behind by a moving glacier. This material is usually soil and rock. Just as rivers carry along all sorts of debris and silt that eventually builds up to form deltas, glaciers transport all sorts of dirt and boulders that build up to form moraines. |
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| 72. |
The Himalayan mountain range is an example of – |
| A. | Volcanic mountain |
| B. | Residual mountain |
| C. | Block mountain |
| D. | Fold mountain |
| Answer» D. Fold mountain | |
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Explanation: The Himalaya are among the youngest mountain ranges on the planet and consist mostly of uplifted sedimentary and metamorphic rock. They are Fold Mountains which were formed due to a continental collision or orogeny along the convergent boundarybetween the Indo-Australian Plate and the Eurasian Plate. |
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| 73. |
The area marked by internal drainage |
| A. | Plateau |
| B. | Plains |
| C. | Deserts |
| D. | Mountains |
| Answer» C. Deserts | |
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Explanation: Internal drainage is a closed drainage basin that retains water and allows no outflow to other external bodies of water, such as rivers or oceans, but converges instead into lakes or swamps. Such drainage can occur in any climate but are most commonly found in desert locations. For example: Luni River in Rajasthan has an internal drainage system. |
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| 74. |
Why is the South Pole colder than the North Pole? |
| A. | High altitude |
| B. | More rainfall |
| C. | Strong winds |
| D. | Away from the sun |
| Answer» A. High altitude | |
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Explanation: Both the Arctic (North Pole) and the Antarctic (South Pole) are cold because they don't get any direct sunlight. What makes the South Pole so much colder than the North Pole is that it sits on top of a very thick ice sheet, which itself sits on a continent. The surface of the ice sheet at the South Pole is more than 9,000 feet in elevation—more than a mile and a half above sea level. This elevation makes the South Pole much colder than the North Pole, which sits in the middle of the Arctic Ocean (National Geographic). |
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| 75. |
is the thinnest layer of Earth. |
| A. | Mantle |
| B. | Outer Core |
| C. | Crust |
| D. | Inner Core |
| Answer» C. Crust | |
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Explanation: The Earth can be divided into four main layers: the solid crust on the outside, themantle, the outer core and the inner core. Out of them, the mantle is the thickest layer (extends from where the crust ends to about 2,890 km), while the crust is the thinnest layer. The crust ranges from 5-70 km in depth and is the outermost layer. |
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| 76. |
Why the Earth is having its own atmosphere? |
| A. | Winds |
| B. | Clouds |
| C. | Gravity |
| D. | Rotation of the Earth |
| Answer» C. Gravity | |
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Explanation: 0 |
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| 77. |
The number of satellites of the planet is Mercury is – |
| A. | '0' |
| B. | 1 |
| C. | 2 |
| D. | 16 |
| Answer» A. '0' | |
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Explanation: The nearness of Mercury to the massive gravity influence of the Sun is the likely reason that no natural satellites are present, although it is possible that one or more may have existed in the past. |
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| 78. |
Which of the following does not belong to the solar system? |
| A. | Asteroids |
| B. | Comets |
| C. | Planets |
| D. | Nebulae |
| Answer» D. Nebulae | |
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Explanation: A nebula is an interstellar cloud of dust, hydrogen, helium and other ionized gases. Originally, nebula was a name for any extended astronomical object, including galaxies beyond the Milky Way. The Andromeda Galaxy, for instance, was referred to as the Andromeda Nebula before galaxies were discovered by Edwin Hubble. |
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| 79. |
The planet nearest to the Sun is – |
| A. | Earth |
| B. | Mercury |
| C. | Mars |
| D. | Venus |
| Answer» B. Mercury | |
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Explanation: Mercury is the innermost planet (nearest to the Sun) in the Solar System. It is also the smallest, and its orbit is the most eccentric (that is, the least perfectly circular) of the eight planets. It orbits the Sun once in about 88 Earth days, completing three rotations about its axis for every two orbits. |
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| 80. |
Which of these is a dwarf planet? |
| A. | Neptune |
| B. | Titan |
| C. | Eris |
| D. | Hydra |
| Answer» C. Eris | |
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Explanation: Eris is the most massive and second-largest dwarf planet known in the Solar System. It is 27% more massive than dwarf planet Pluto. Eris is the ninth-most-massive known body directly orbiting the Sun, and the largest known body in the Solar System not visited by a spacecraft. |
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| 81. |
What process takes place during the youthful stage of a river? |
| A. | Valley widening |
| B. | River rejuvenating |
| C. | Valley deepening |
| D. | Meandering |
| Answer» C. Valley deepening | |
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Explanation: The youthful stage of the river is when water flow is the quickest. Because of steep slope and steep channel gradient in this stage, rivers actively deepen their valleys through vertical erosion. The valley becomes deep and narrow characterized by steep valley side slopes of convex plan. Waterfalls, Vshaped valleys and interlocking spurs are features of this stage. |
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| 82. |
Winds blowing constantly in one direction in rocky deserts form – |
| A. | Chimneys |
| B. | Mushrooms rocks |
| C. | Yardangs |
| D. | Demoiselles |
| Answer» C. Yardangs | |
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Explanation: In regions of rocky deserts, wind abrasion excavates the bands of softer rocks into long, narrow corridors, separating the steep- sided over-hanging ridges of hard rocks, called yardangs. Instead of lying in horizontal strata upon one another, the hard and soft rocks of yardangs are vertical bands and are aligned in the direction of the prevailing winds. |
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| 83. |
Rainfall caused by intense evaporation in equatorial areas is called . |
| A. | Orographic rainfall |
| B. | Cyclonic rainfall |
| C. | Frontal rainfall |
| D. | Convectional rainfall |
| Answer» D. Convectional rainfall | |
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Explanation: The equatorial regions are known for convectional rainfall that occurs due to the thermal convection currents caused due to the heating of ground due to insolation. In these, the warm air rises up and expands then, reaches at a cooler layer and saturates, then condenses mainly in the form of cumulus or cumulonimbus clouds. The equatorial regions receive convectional rainfall almost on a daily basis. The rainfall is of very short duration but in the form of heavy showers. |
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| 84. |
Ultraviolet radiation in the stratosphere is absorbed by – |
| A. | SO2 |
| B. | Ozone |
| C. | Oxygen |
| D. | Argon |
| Answer» B. Ozone | |
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Explanation: The ozone layer of Earth's stratosphere absorbs most of the Sun's ultraviolet radiation. It absorbs 97 to 99 percent of the Sun's medium-frequency ultravi-olet light (from about 200 nm to 315 nm wavelength), which otherwise would potentially damage exposed life forms on the earth. |
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| 85. |
The gentle 'seaward sloping surface from the coasts is called . |
| A. | Continental shelf |
| B. | Continental rise |
| C. | Abyssal plains |
| D. | Submarine ridges |
| Answer» A. Continental shelf | |
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Explanation: Continental Shelf is a gentle seaward sloping surface extending from the coasts towards the open sea. In all, about 7.5% of the total area of the oceans is covered by the continental shelves. The shelf is formed by the drowning of a part of a continent with a relative rise in sea level or marine deposition beneath the water. |
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| 86. |
Ring of Fire is found commonly in . |
| A. | Pacific Ocean |
| B. | Atlantic Ocean |
| C. | Indian Ocean |
| D. | Arctic Ocean |
| Answer» A. Pacific Ocean | |
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Explanation: The Ring of Fire is an area where a large number of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions occur in the basin of the Pacific Ocean. It has 452 volcanoes and is home to over 75% of the world's active and dormant volcanoes. It is sometimes called the circum-Pacific belt. |
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| 87. |
Who of the following has given the term rhizoshcre : |
| A. | Garret |
| B. | Alexopolus |
| C. | Hiltner |
| D. | None of the given options |
| Answer» C. Hiltner | |
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Explanation: Lorenz Hiltner is recognized as the first scientist to coin the term "rhizosphere" in 1904. The word is derived from the Greek word 'rhiza', meaning root. and 'sphere', meaning field of influence. Hiltner defined the rhizosphere as the zone of soil immediatelyadjacent to legume roots that supports high levels of bacterial activity. |
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| 88. |
The asha-grey soils of high-latitude coniferous forests a known as : |
| A. | Tundra soils |
| B. | Podsols |
| C. | Grey-Brown soils |
| D. | Red and Yellow soils |
| Answer» B. Podsols | |
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Explanation: Podsols are ash-grey coloured soils that are found in high-latitude coniferous forest belt having very long cold winters, short cool summers and a moderate precipitation throughout the year. These soils are acidic. infertile and of limited value for agriculture. These are useful for dairying and mixed farming. |
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| 89. |
Species which has restricted distribution ion is called – |
| A. | Eco species |
| B. | Endemic |
| C. | Sympatric |
| D. | Allopatric |
| Answer» B. Endemic | |
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Explanation: Endemism is the ecological state of a species being unique to a defined geographic location, such as an island, nation, country or other defined zone, or habitat type. Species found in such restricted geographical area are called endemic species. |
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| 90. |
The space retaining life in any form is called – |
| A. | Biomass |
| B. | Biosphere |
| C. | Lithosphere |
| D. | Hydrosphere |
| Answer» B. Biosphere | |
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Explanation: The biosphere is the global ecological system integrating all living beings and their relationships, including their interaction with the elements of the litho-sphere, geosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere. It is termed the zone of life on Earth. |
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| 91. |
The well through which water comes out through hydraulic pressure is called – |
| A. | Ordinary well |
| B. | Tube well |
| C. | Deep tube well |
| D. | Artesian well |
| Answer» D. Artesian well | |
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Explanation: Artesian Well refers to a type of well that normally gives a continuous flow, the water being forced upwards by hydraulic pressure. |
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| 92. |
Maps on large scale, representing both natural and man-made features are called – |
| A. | Wall maps |
| B. | Topographic maps |
| C. | Thematic maps |
| D. | Atlas maps |
| Answer» B. Topographic maps | |
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Explanation: A topographic map is a type of map characterized by large-scale detail and quantitative representation of relief, usually using contour lines in modern mapping, but historically using a variety of methods. A topographic map is typically published as a map series, made up of two or more map sheets that combine to form the whole map. |
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| 93. |
Contour line is the imaginary line joining places of equal : |
| A. | Rainfall |
| B. | Humidity |
| C. | Elevation |
| D. | Temperature |
| Answer» C. Elevation | |
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Explanation: Contour line is a line on a map or chart joining points of equal height (elevation) or depth. Closely spaced contour lines indicate a steeper grade than the more loosely spaced lines. |
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| 94. |
The primary goal of planning for disasters is to reduce – |
| A. | Death |
| B. | Damage |
| C. | Risk |
| D. | Vulnerability |
| Answer» D. Vulnerability | |
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Explanation: Disaster planning is the creation of plans through which communities reduce vulnerability to hazards and cope with disasters. It does not avert or eliminate the threats; instead it focuses on creating plans to decrease the impact of disasters. |
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| 95. |
Which of the following is a Bio-logical method of soil conservations? |
| A. | Contour fanning |
| B. | Contour terracing |
| C. | Gully control |
| D. | Basin listing |
| Answer» A. Contour fanning | |
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Explanation: The biological methods of soil conservation include contour farming, strip cropping, tillage operation, mulching, etc. Contour farming is practiced in the hilly regions or on the slopes. The contours (circular or peripheral furrows) catch the downwardly moving water until it is absorbed in the soil. It reduces run off, saves more water for crops, and reduces soil erosion. |
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| 96. |
With what bio-region is the term "Steppe" associated? |
| A. | Grasslands |
| B. | Tropical forests |
| C. | Savanna |
| D. | Coniferous forests |
| Answer» A. Grasslands | |
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Explanation: The Steppe is a dry, cold, grassland that is found in all of the continents except Australia and Antarctica. It is mostly found in the USA, Mongolia, Siberia, Tibet and China, is usually found between the desert and the forest. |
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| 97. |
In which region is Terrace farming done? |
| A. | Dry regions |
| B. | Slope of hills |
| C. | Mountain tops |
| D. | Rooftops |
| Answer» B. Slope of hills | |
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Explanation: Terrace farming is the practice of cutting flat areas out of a hilly or mountainous landscape in of to grow crops. It involves growing crops on sides of hills or mountains by planting on graduated terraces built into the slope. On each level, various crops are planted. |
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| 98. |
Alluvial soils are rich soil for crop cultivation but are poor in– |
| A. | humus |
| B. | nitrogen and humus |
| C. | organic material |
| D. | inorganic material |
| Answer» B. nitrogen and humus | |
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Explanation: Alluvial soils are fertile soils composed of sediments deposited by rivers and the waves. However, they are usually deficient in nitrogen and humus. Nitrogen deficiency is the main limiting factor in crop product ion in all the alluvial soils except the calcareous and saline alkali alluvial soils. With suitable irrigation, fertilizers and proper agricultural practices, alluvial soils are generally very fertile. |
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| 99. |
"Great Barrier Reef”, the world's largest Coral reef is located in – |
| A. | Caribbean Islands |
| B. | Australia |
| C. | Philippines |
| D. | Indonesia |
| Answer» B. Australia | |
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Explanation: The Great Barrier Reef is situated off the coast of Queensland in northeastern Australia. It is the world's largest coral reef system composed of over 2,900 individual reefs and 900 islands stretching for over 2,300 kilometres over an area of approximately 344,400 square kilometres. |
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| 100. |
The highest grade and best quality coal is – |
| A. | Lignite |
| B. | Peat |
| C. | Bituminous |
| D. | Anthracite |
| Answer» D. Anthracite | |
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Explanation: Anthracite is usually considered to be the highest grade of coal and is actually considered to be metamorphic. Compared to other coals it is much harder, has a glassy luster, and is denser and blacker with few impurities. It is largely used for heating domestically as it burns with little smoke. |
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