In order to maintain the consistency during transactions, database provides

Related MCQs

• Database __________ which is the logical design of the database, and the database _______ which is a snapshot of the data in the database at a given instant in time.
• Database __________ , which is the logical design of the database, and the database _______,which is a snapshot of the data in the database at a given instant in time.
• If several concurrent transactions are executed over the same data set and the second transaction updates the database before the first transaction is finished, the ____ property is violated and the database is no longer consistent.
•                      are used to ensure that transactions access each data item in order of the transactions’          if their accesses conflict.
• Centralizing the integrity checking directly under the DBMS ………….. duplication and ensures the consistency and validity of the database.
• Which one of the following provides the ability to query information from the database and to insert tuples into, delete tuples from, and modify tuples in the database?
•                      rollback requires the system to maintain additional information about the state of all the running transactions.
• A concurrency-control policy such as this one leads to              performance since it forces transactions to wait for preceding transactions to finish before they can start.
• Each of a pair of transactions has read data that is written by the other, but there is no data written by both transactions, is referred to as
• A relational database system needs to maintain data about the relations, such as the schema of the relations. This is called