are used to ensure that transactions access each data item in order of the transactions’          if their accesses conflict.

Related MCQs

• Each of a pair of transactions has read data that is written by the other, but there is no data written by both transactions, is referred to as
• The disk controller uses                  at each sector to ensure that the data is not corrupted on data retrieval.
• Deadlocks are possible only when one of the transactions wants to obtain a(n) ____ lock on a data item.
• DML is a language by which user accesses or manipulates the ________:
• An application where only one user accesses the database at a given time is an example of a(n) ________ .
• One aspect that has to be dealt with by the integrity subsystem is to ensure that only valid values can be assigned to each data items. This is referred to as
• What is the language used by most of the DBMSs for helping their users to access data?
• A condition that occurs when two transactions wait for each other to unlock data is known as a(n)
• A concurrency-control policy such as this one leads to              performance since it forces transactions to wait for preceding transactions to finish before they can start.
• A lock that allows concurrent transactions to access different rows of the same table is known as a