120+ Digital Image Processing (DIP) Solved MCQs

1.

Of the following, _________ has the maximum frequency.

A. uv rays
B. gamma rays
C. microwaves
D. radio waves
Answer» B. gamma rays
Explanation: gamma rays come first in the electromagnetic spectrum sorted in the decreasing order of frequency.
2.

In the Visible spectrum the ______ colour has the maximum wavelength.

A. violet
B. blue
C. red
D. yellow
Answer» C. red
Explanation: red is towards the right in the electromagnetic spectrum sorted in the increasing order of wavelength.
3.

Wavelength and frequency are related as : (c = speed of light)

A. c = wavelength / frequency
B. frequency = wavelength / c
C. wavelength = c * frequency
D. c = wavelength * frequency
Answer» D. c = wavelength * frequency
Explanation: it is usually written as wavelength = c / frequency.
4.

Electromagnetic waves can be visualised as a

A. sine wave
B. cosine wave
C. tangential wave
D. none of the above
Answer» A. sine wave
Explanation: electromagnetic waves are visualised as sinusoidal wave.
5.

How is radiance measured?

A. lumens
B. watts
C. armstrong
D. hertz
Answer» B. watts
Explanation: radiance is the total amount of energy that flows from the light source and is measured in watts.
6.

Which of the following is used for chest and dental scans?

A. hard x-rays
B. soft x-rays
C. radio waves
D. infrared rays
Answer» B. soft x-rays
Explanation: soft x-rays (low energy) are used for dental and chest scans.
7.

Which of the following is impractical to measure?

A. frequency
B. radiance
C. luminance
D. brightness
Answer» D. brightness
Explanation: brightness is subjective descriptor of light perception that is impossible to measure.
8.

Massless particle containing a certain amount of energy is called

A. photon
B. shell
C. electron
D. none of these
Answer» A. photon
Explanation: each bundle of massless energy is called a photon.
9.

What do you mean by achromatic light?

A. chromatic light
B. monochromatic light
C. infrared light
D. invisible light
Answer» B. monochromatic light
Explanation: achromatic light is also called monochromatic light.(light void of color)
10.

Which of the following embodies the achromatic notion of intensity?

A. luminance
B. brightness
C. frequency
D. radiance
Answer» B. brightness
Explanation: brightness embodies the achromatic notion of intensity and is a key factor in describing color sensation.
11.

Which of the following is a receptor in the retina of human eye?

A. rods
B. cones
C. rods and cones
D. neither rods nor cones
Answer» C. rods and cones
Explanation: rods are long slender receptors while cones are shorter and thicker receptors.
12.

How is image formation in the eye different from that in a photographic camera

A. no difference
B. variable focal length
C. varying distance between lens and imaging plane
D. fixed focal length
Answer» B. variable focal length
Explanation: fibers in ciliary body vary shape of the lens thereby varying its focal length.
13.

Range of light intensity levels to which the human eye can adapt (in Log of Intensity-mL)

A. 10-6 to 10-4
B. 104 to 106
C. 10-6 to 104
D. 10-5 to 105
Answer» C. 10-6 to 104
Explanation: range of light intensity to which human eye can adapt is enormous and about the order 1010 from 10-6 to 104.
14.

What is subjective brightness?

A. related to intensity
B. related to brightness
C. related to image perception
D. related to image formation
Answer» A. related to intensity
Explanation: it is the intensity as perceived by the human eye.
15.

What is brightness adaptation?

A. changing the eye’s overall sensitivity
B. changing the eye’s imaging ability
C. adjusting the focal length
D. transition from scotopic to photopic vision
Answer» A. changing the eye’s overall sensitivity
Explanation: the human eye a wide dynamic range by changing the eye’s overall sensitivity and this is called brightness adaptation.
16.

The inner most membrane of the human eye is

A. blind spot
B. sclera
C. choroid
D. retina
Answer» D. retina
Explanation: retina is the innermost membrane of the human eye.
17.

What is the function of Iris?

A. source of nutrition
B. detect color
C. varies focal length
D. control amount of light
Answer» D. control amount of light
Explanation: iris is responsible for controlling the amount of light that enters the human eye.
18.

________ serve to a general, overall picture of the field of view.

A. cones
B. rods
C. retina
D. all of the mentioned
Answer» B. rods
Explanation: rods produce an overall picture of the field of view.
19.

Ratio of number of rods to the number of cones is _______

A. 1:20
B. 1:2
C. 1:1
D. 1:5
Answer» A. 1:20
Explanation: no of rods: 6 to 7 million, no of rods: 75 to 150.
20.

The absence of receptors is in the retinal area called _____________

A. lens
B. ciliary body
C. blind spot
D. fovea
Answer» C. blind spot
Explanation: except the blind spot, receptors are radially distributed.
21.

The most familiar single sensor used for Image Acquisition is

A. microdensitometer
B. photodiode
C. cmos
D. none of the mentioned
Answer» B. photodiode
Explanation: photodiode is the most commonly used single sensor made up of silicon materials.
22.

A geometry consisting of in-line arrangement of sensors for image acquisition

A. a photodiode
B. sensor strips
C. sensor arrays
D. cmos
Answer» B. sensor strips
Explanation: sensor strips are very common next to single sensor and use in-line arrangement.
23.

CAT in imaging stands for

A. computer aided telegraphy
B. computer aided tomography
C. computerised axial telegraphy
D. computerised axial tomography
Answer» D. computerised axial tomography
Explanation: industrial computerised axial tomography is based on image acquisition using sensor strips.
24.

The section of the real plane spanned by the coordinates of an image is called the _____________

A. spacial domain
B. coordinate axes
C. plane of symmetry
D. none of the mentioned
Answer» A. spacial domain
Explanation: the section of the real plane spanned by the coordinates of an image is called the spacial domain, with the x and y coordinates referred to as spacial coordinates.
25.

The difference is intensity between the highest and the lowest intensity levels in an image is ___________

A. noise
B. saturation
C. contrast
D. brightness
Answer» C. contrast
Explanation: contrast is the measure of the difference is intensity between the highest and the lowest intensity levels in an image.
26.

_____________ is the effect caused by the use of an insufficient number of intensity levels in smooth areas of a digital image.

A. gaussian smooth
B. contouring
C. false contouring
D. interpolation
Answer» C. false contouring
Explanation: it is called so because the ridges resemble the contours of a map.
27.

The process of using known data to estimate values at unknown locations is called

A. acquisition
B. interpolation
C. pixelation
D. none of the mentioned
Answer» B. interpolation
Explanation: interpolation is the process used to estimate unknown locations. it is applied in all image resampling methods.
28.

Which of the following is NOT an application of Image Multiplication?

A. shading correction
B. masking
C. pixelation
D. region of interest operations
Answer» C. pixelation
Explanation: because pixelation deals with enlargement of pixels.
29.

The procedure done on a digital image to alter the values of its individual pixels is

A. neighbourhood operations
B. image registration
C. geometric spacial transformation
D. single pixel operation
Answer» D. single pixel operation
Explanation: it is expressed as a transformation function t, of the form s=t(z) , where z is the intensity.
30.

In Geometric Spacial Transformation, points whose locations are known precisely in input and reference images.

A. tie points
B. r??seau points
C. known points
D. key-points
Answer» A. tie points
Explanation: tie points, also called control points are points whose locations are known precisely in input and reference images.
31.

A continuous image is digitised at _______ points.

A. random
B. vertex
C. contour
D. sampling
Answer» D. sampling
Explanation: the sampling points are ordered in the plane and their relation is called a grid.
32.

The transition between continuous values of the image function and its digital equivalent is called ______________

A. quantisation
B. sampling
C. rasterisation
D. none of the mentioned
Answer» A. quantisation
Explanation: the transition between continuous values of the image function and its digital equivalent is called quantisation.
33.

Images quantised with insufficient brightness levels will lead to the occurrence of ____________

A. pixillation
B. blurring
C. false contours
D. none of the mentioned
Answer» C. false contours
Explanation: this effect arises when the number brightness levels is lower that which the human eye can distinguish.
34.

The smallest discernible change in intensity level is called ____________

A. intensity resolution
B. contour
C. saturation
D. contrast
Answer» A. intensity resolution
Explanation: number of bits used to quantise intensity of an image is called intensity resolution.
35.

What is the tool used in tasks such as zooming, shrinking, rotating, etc.?

A. sampling
B. interpolation
C. filters
D. none of the mentioned
Answer» B. interpolation
Explanation: interpolation is the basic tool used for zooming, shrinking, rotating, etc.
36.

The type of Interpolation where for each new location the intensity of the immediate pixel is assigned is ___________

A. bicubic interpolation
B. cubic interpolation
C. bilinear interpolation
D. nearest neighbour interpolation
Answer» D. nearest neighbour interpolation
Explanation: its called as nearest neighbour interpolation since for each new location the intensity of the next neighbouring pixel is assigned.
37.

The type of Interpolation where the intensity of the FOUR neighbouring pixels is used to obtain intensity a new location is called ___________

A. cubic interpolation
B. nearest neighbour interpolation
C. bilinear interpolation
D. bicubic interpolation
Answer» B. nearest neighbour interpolation
Explanation: bilinear interpolation is where the four neighbouring pixels is used to estimate intensity for a new location.
38.

Dynamic range of imaging system is a ratio where the upper limit is determined by

A. saturation
B. noise
C. brightness
D. contrast
Answer» A. saturation
Explanation: saturation is taken as the numerator.
39.

For Dynamic range ratio the lower limit is determined by

A. saturation
B. brightness
C. noise
D. contrast
Answer» C. noise
Explanation: noise is taken as the denominator.
40.

Quantitatively, spatial resolution cannot be represented in which of the following ways

A. line pairs
B. pixels
C. dots
D. none of the mentioned
Answer» D. none of the mentioned
Explanation: all the options can be used to represent spatial resolution.
41.

In 4-neighbours of a pixel p, how far are each of the neighbours located from p?

A. one pixel apart
B. four pixels apart
C. alternating pixels
D. none of the mentioned
Answer» A. one pixel apart
Explanation: each pixel is a unit distance apart from the pixel p.
42.

If S is a subset of pixels, pixels p and q are said to be ____________ if there exists a path between them consisting of pixels entirely in S.

A. continuous
B. ambiguous
C. connected
D. none of the mentioned
Answer» C. connected
Explanation: pixels p and q are said to be connected if there exists a path between them consisting of pixels entirely in s.
43.

If R is a subset of pixels, we call R a _________ of the image if R is a connected set.

A. disjoint
B. region
C. closed
D. adjacent
Answer» B. region
Explanation: r is called a region of the image.
44.

Two regions are said to be ___________ if their union forms a connected set.

A. adjacent
B. disjoint
C. closed
D. none of the mentioned
Answer» A. adjacent
Explanation: the regions are said to be adjacent to each other.
45.

If an image contains K disjoint regions, what does the union of all the regions represent?

A. background
B. foreground
C. outer border
D. inner border
Answer» B. foreground
Explanation: the union of all regions is called foreground and its complement is called the background.
46.

For a region R, the set of points that are adjacent to the complement of R is called as ________

A. boundary
B. border
C. contour
D. all of the mentioned
Answer» D. all of the mentioned
Explanation: the words boundary, border and contour mean the same set.
47.

The distance between pixels p and q, the pixels have a distance less than or equal to some value of radius r centred at (x,y) is called :

A. euclidean distance
B. city-block distance
C. chessboard distance
D. none of the mentioned
Answer» A. euclidean distance
Explanation: euclidean distance is measured using a radius from a defined centre.
48.

The distance between pixels p and q, the pixels have a distance less than or equal to some value of radius r, form a diamond centred at (x,y) is called :

A. euclidean distance
B. chessboard distance
C. city-block distance
D. none of the mentioned
Answer» C. city-block distance
Explanation: formation of a diamond is measured as city-block distance.
49.

The distance between pixels p and q, the pixels have a distance less than or equal to some value of radius r, form a square centred at (x,y) is called :

A. euclidean distance
B. chessboard distance
C. city-block distance
D. none of the mentioned
Answer» B. chessboard distance
Explanation: distance measured by forming a square around the centre is called chessboard distance.
50.

Which of the following is NOT is not a type of Adjacency?

A. 4-adjacency
B. 8-adjacency
C. m-adjacency
D. none of the mentioned
Answer» D. none of the mentioned
Explanation: all the mentioned adjacency types are valid.
51.

How is negative of an image obtained with intensity levels [0,L-1] with “r” and “s” being pixel values?

A. s = l – 1 + r
B. s = l – 1 – r
C. s = l + 1 + r
D. s = l + 1 + r
Answer» B. s = l – 1 – r
Explanation: the negative is obtained using s = l – 1 + r.
52.

The general form of log transformations is ____________________.

A. s = c.log(1 + r)
B. s = c+log(1 + r)
C. s = c.log(1 – r)
D. s = c-log(1 – r)
Answer» A. s = c.log(1 + r)
Explanation: s = c.log(1 + r) is the log transformation.
53.

Power-law transformations has the basic form of ________________, where c and ? are constants.

A. s = c + r?
B. s = c – r?
C. s = c * r?
D. s = c / r.?
Answer» C. s = c * r?
Explanation: s = c * r? is called the power-law transformation.
54.

For what value of the output must the Power-law transformation account for offset?

A. no offset needed
B. all values
C. one
D. zero
Answer» D. zero
Explanation: when the output is zero, an offset is necessary.
55.

What is Gamma Correction?

A. a power-law response phenomenon
B. inverted intensity curve
C. light brightness variation
D. none of the mentioned
Answer» A. a power-law response phenomenon
Explanation: the exponent in power-law is called gamma and the process used to correct the response of power-law transformation is called gamma correction.
56.

Which process expands the range of intensity levels in an image so that it spans the full intensity range of the display?

A. shading correction
B. contrast sketching
C. gamma correction
D. none of the mentioned
Answer» B. contrast sketching
Explanation: contrast sketching is the process used to expand intensity levels in an image.
57.

Highlighting a specific range of intensities of an image is called ___________.

A. intensity matching
B. intensity highlighting
C. intensity slicing
D. none of the mentioned
Answer» C. intensity slicing
Explanation: highlighting a specific range of intensities of an image is called intensity slicing.
58.

Highlighting the contribution made to total image by specific bits instead of highlighting intensity-level changes is called ____________________.

A. intensity highlighting
B. byte-slicing
C. bit-plane slicing
D. none of the mentioned
Answer» C. bit-plane slicing
Explanation: it is called bit-plane slicing.
59.

Which of the following involves reversing the intensity levels of an image?

A. log transformations
B. piecewise linear transformations
C. image negatives
D. none of the mentioned.
Answer» C. image negatives
Explanation: image negatives use reversing intensity levels.
60.

Piecewise Linear Transformation function involves which of the following?

A. bit-plane slicing
B. intensity level slicing
C. contrast stretching
D. all of the mentioned
Answer» D. all of the mentioned
Explanation: piecewise linear transformation function involves all the mentioned functions
61.

What is the basis for numerous spatial domain processing techniques?

A. transformations
B. scaling
C. histogram
D. none of the mentioned
Answer» C. histogram
Explanation: histogram is the basis for numerous spatial domain processing techniques.
62.

In _______ image we notice that the components of histogram are concentrated on the low side on intensity scale.

A. bright
B. dark
C. colourful
D. all of the mentioned
Answer» B. dark
Explanation: only in dark images, we notice that the components of histogram are concentrated on the low side on intensity scale.
63.

What is Histogram Equalisation also called as?

A. histogram matching
B. image enhancement
C. histogram linearisation
D. none of the mentioned
Answer» C. histogram linearisation
Explanation: histogram linearisation is also known as histogram equalisation.
64.

What is Histogram Matching also called as?

A. histogram equalisation
B. histogram specification
C. histogram linearisation
D. none of the mentioned
Answer» B. histogram specification
Explanation: histogram specification is also known as histogram matching.
65.

Histogram Equalisation is mainly used for _________________________.

A. image enhancement
B. blurring
C. contrast adjustment
D. none of the mentioned
Answer» A. image enhancement
Explanation: it is mainly used for enhancement of usually dark images.
66.

To reduce computation if one utilises non-overlapping regions, it usually produces ______ effect.

A. dimming
B. blurred
C. blocky
D. none of the mentioned
Answer» C. blocky
Explanation: utilising non-overlapping regions usually produces “blocky” effect.
67.

What does SEM stands for?

A. scanning electronic machine
B. self electronic machine
C. scanning electron microscope
D. scanning electric machine
Answer» C. scanning electron microscope
Explanation: sem stands for scanning electron microscope.
68.

The type of Histogram Processing in which pixels are modified based on the intensity distribution of the image is called _______________.

A. intensive
B. local
C. global
D. random
Answer» C. global
Explanation: it is called global histogram processing.
69.

Which type of Histogram Processing is suited for minute detailed enhancements?

A. intensive
B. local
C. global
D. random
Answer» B. local
Explanation: local histogram processing is used.
70.

In uniform PDF, the expansion of PDF is ____________________________.

A. portable document format
B. post derivation function
C. previously derived function
D. probability density function
Answer» D. probability density function
Explanation: pdf stands for probability density function.
71.

What is accepting or rejecting certain frequency components called as?

A. filtering
B. eliminating
C. slicing
D. none of the mentioned
Answer» A. filtering
Explanation: filtering is the process of accepting or rejecting certain frequency components.
72.

A filter that passes low frequencies is ____________________.

A. band pass filter
B. high pass filter
C. low pass filter
D. none of the mentioned
Answer» C. low pass filter
Explanation: low pass filter passes low frequencies.
73.

What is the process of moving a filter mask over the image and computing the sum of products at each location called as?

A. convolution
B. correlation
C. linear spatial filtering
D. non linear spatial filtering
Answer» B. correlation
Explanation: the process is called as correlation.
74.

The standard deviation controls “____________” of the bell (2-D Gaussian function of bell shape).

A. size
B. curve
C. tightness
D. none of the mentioned
Answer» C. tightness
Explanation: the standard deviation controls “tightness” of the bell.
75.

What is required to generate an M X N linear spatial filter?

A. mn mask coefficients
B. m+n coordinates
C. mn spatial coefficients
D. none of the mentioned
Answer» A. mn mask coefficients
Explanation: to generate an m x n linear spatial filter mn mask coefficients must be specified.
76.

What is the difference between Convolution and Correlation?

A. image is pre-rotated by 180 degree for correlation
B. image is pre-rotated by 180 degree for convolution
C. image is pre-rotated by 90 degree for correlation
D. image is pre-rotated by 90 degree for convolution
Answer» B. image is pre-rotated by 180 degree for convolution
Explanation: convolution is the same as correlation except that the image must be rotated by 180 degrees initially.
77.

Convolution and Correlation are functions of __________________.

A. distance
B. time
C. intensity
D. displacement
Answer» D. displacement
Explanation: convolution and correlation are functions of displacement.
78.

The function that contains a single 1 with the rest being 0s is called ____________________.

A. identity function
B. inverse function
C. discrete unit impulse
D. none of the mentioned
Answer» C. discrete unit impulse
Explanation: it is called discrete unit impulse.
79.

Which of the following involves Correlation?

A. matching
B. key-points
C. blobs
D. none of the mentioned.
Answer» A. matching
Explanation: correlation is applied in finding matches.
80.

An example of a continuous function of two variables is _____________

A. identity function
B. intensity function
C. contrast stretching
D. gaussian function
Answer» D. gaussian function
Explanation: gaussian function has two variables and is an exponential continuous function.
81.

The output of a smoothing, linear spatial filtering is a ____________ of the pixels contained in the neighbourhood of the filter mask.

A. sum
B. product
C. average
D. dot product
Answer» C. average
Explanation: smoothing is simply the average of the pixels contained in the neighbourhood.
82.

Averaging filters is also known as ____________ filter.

A. low pass
B. high pass
C. band pass
D. none of the mentioned
Answer» A. low pass
Explanation: averaging filters is also known as low pass filters.
83.

What is the undesirable side effects of Averaging filters?

A. no side effects
B. blurred image
C. blurred edges
D. loss of sharp transitions
Answer» C. blurred edges
Explanation: blue edges is the undesirable side effect of averaging filters.
84.

A spatial averaging filter in which all coefficients are equal is called _______________.

A. square filter
B. neighbourhood
C. box filter
D. zero filter
Answer» C. box filter
Explanation: it is called a box filter.
85.

Which term is used to indicate that pixels are multiplied by different coefficients?

A. weighted average
B. squared average
C. spatial average
D. none of the mentioned
Answer» A. weighted average
Explanation: it is called weighted average since more importance(weight) is given to some pixels.
86.

The non linear spacial filters whose response is based on ordering of the pixels contained is called _____________.

A. box filter
B. square filter
C. gaussian filter
D. order-statistic filter
Answer» D. order-statistic filter
Explanation: it is called order-statistic filter.
87.

Impulse noise in Order-statistic filter is also called as _______________.

A. median noise
B. bilinear noise
C. salt and pepper noise
D. none of the mentioned
Answer» C. salt and pepper noise
Explanation: it is called salt-and-pepper noise because of its appearance as white and black dots superimposed on an image.
88.

Best example for a Order-statistic filter is ____________________.

A. impulse filter
B. averaging filter
C. median filter
D. none of the mentioned
Answer» C. median filter
Explanation: median filter is the best known order-statistic filter.
89.

What does “eliminated” refer to in median filter?

A. force to average intensity of neighbours
B. force to median intensity of neighbours
C. eliminate median value of pixels
D. none of the mentioned.
Answer» B. force to median intensity of neighbours
Explanation: it refers to forcing to median intensity of neighbours.
90.

Which of the following is best suited for salt-and-pepper noise elimination?

A. average filter
B. box filter
C. max filter
D. median filter
Answer» D. median filter
Explanation: median filter is better suited than average filter for salt-and-pepper noise elimination.
91.

What is the set generated using infinite-value membership functions, called?

A. crisp set
B. boolean set
C. fuzzy set
D. all of the mentioned
Answer» C. fuzzy set
Explanation: it is called fuzzy set.
92.

Which is the set, whose membership only can be true or false, in bi-values Boolean logic?

A. boolean set
B. crisp set
C. null set
D. none of the mentioned
Answer» B. crisp set
Explanation: the so called crisp set is the one in which membership only can be true or false, in bi-values boolean logic.
93.

If Z is a set of elements with a generic element z, i.e. Z = {z}, then this set is called _____________

A. universe set
B. universe of discourse
C. derived set
D. none of the mentioned
Answer» B. universe of discourse
Explanation: it is called the universe of discourse.
94.

A fuzzy set ‘A’ in Z is characterized by a ____________ that associates with element of Z, a real number in the interval [0, 1].

A. grade of membership
B. generic element
C. membership function
D. none of the mentioned
Answer» C. membership function
Explanation: a fuzzy set is characterized by a membership function.
95.

A fuzzy set is ________ if and only if membership function is identically zero in Z.

A. empty
B. subset
C. complement
D. none of the mentioned
Answer» A. empty
Explanation: it is called an empty set.
96.

Which of the following is a type of Membership function?

A. triangular
B. trapezoidal
C. sigma
D. all of the mentioned
Answer» D. all of the mentioned
Explanation: all of them are types of membership functions.
97.

Which of the following is not a type of Membership function?

A. s-shape
B. bell shape
C. truncated gaussian
D. none of the mentioned
Answer» D. none of the mentioned
Explanation: all of the mentioned above are types of membership functions.
98.

Using IF-THEN rule to create the output of fuzzy system is called __________.

A. inference
B. implication
C. both the mentioned
D. none of the mentioned
Answer» C. both the mentioned
Explanation: it is called inference or implication.
99.

What is the independent variable of fuzzy output?

A. maturity
B. membership
C. generic element
D. none of the mentioned
Answer» A. maturity
Explanation: maturity is the independent variable of fuzzy output.
100.

Which of the following is not a principle step in fuzzy technique?

A. fuzzify input
B. apply implication method
C. defuzzify final output
D. none of the mentioned
Answer» D. none of the mentioned
Explanation: all of the mentioned above are key steps in fuzzy technique.
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