McqMate
1. |
Of the following, _________ has the maximum frequency. |
A. | uv rays |
B. | gamma rays |
C. | microwaves |
D. | radio waves |
Answer» B. gamma rays | |
Explanation: gamma rays come first in the electromagnetic spectrum sorted in the decreasing order of frequency. |
2. |
In the Visible spectrum the ______ colour has the maximum wavelength. |
A. | violet |
B. | blue |
C. | red |
D. | yellow |
Answer» C. red | |
Explanation: red is towards the right in the electromagnetic spectrum sorted in the increasing order of wavelength. |
3. |
Wavelength and frequency are related as : (c = speed of light) |
A. | c = wavelength / frequency |
B. | frequency = wavelength / c |
C. | wavelength = c * frequency |
D. | c = wavelength * frequency |
Answer» D. c = wavelength * frequency | |
Explanation: it is usually written as wavelength = c / frequency. |
4. |
Electromagnetic waves can be visualised as a |
A. | sine wave |
B. | cosine wave |
C. | tangential wave |
D. | none of the above |
Answer» A. sine wave | |
Explanation: electromagnetic waves are visualised as sinusoidal wave. |
5. |
How is radiance measured? |
A. | lumens |
B. | watts |
C. | armstrong |
D. | hertz |
Answer» B. watts | |
Explanation: radiance is the total amount of energy that flows from the light source and is measured in watts. |
6. |
Which of the following is used for chest and dental scans? |
A. | hard x-rays |
B. | soft x-rays |
C. | radio waves |
D. | infrared rays |
Answer» B. soft x-rays | |
Explanation: soft x-rays (low energy) are used for dental and chest scans. |
7. |
Which of the following is impractical to measure? |
A. | frequency |
B. | radiance |
C. | luminance |
D. | brightness |
Answer» D. brightness | |
Explanation: brightness is subjective descriptor of light perception that is impossible to measure. |
8. |
Massless particle containing a certain amount of energy is called |
A. | photon |
B. | shell |
C. | electron |
D. | none of these |
Answer» A. photon | |
Explanation: each bundle of massless energy is called a photon. |
9. |
What do you mean by achromatic light? |
A. | chromatic light |
B. | monochromatic light |
C. | infrared light |
D. | invisible light |
Answer» B. monochromatic light | |
Explanation: achromatic light is also called monochromatic light.(light void of color) |
10. |
Which of the following embodies the achromatic notion of intensity? |
A. | luminance |
B. | brightness |
C. | frequency |
D. | radiance |
Answer» B. brightness | |
Explanation: brightness embodies the achromatic notion of intensity and is a key factor in describing color sensation. |
11. |
Which of the following is a receptor in the retina of human eye? |
A. | rods |
B. | cones |
C. | rods and cones |
D. | neither rods nor cones |
Answer» C. rods and cones | |
Explanation: rods are long slender receptors while cones are shorter and thicker receptors. |
12. |
How is image formation in the eye different from that in a photographic camera |
A. | no difference |
B. | variable focal length |
C. | varying distance between lens and imaging plane |
D. | fixed focal length |
Answer» B. variable focal length | |
Explanation: fibers in ciliary body vary shape of the lens thereby varying its focal length. |
13. |
Range of light intensity levels to which the human eye can adapt (in Log of Intensity-mL) |
A. | 10-6 to 10-4 |
B. | 104 to 106 |
C. | 10-6 to 104 |
D. | 10-5 to 105 |
Answer» C. 10-6 to 104 | |
Explanation: range of light intensity to which human eye can adapt is enormous and about the order 1010 from 10-6 to 104. |
14. |
What is subjective brightness? |
A. | related to intensity |
B. | related to brightness |
C. | related to image perception |
D. | related to image formation |
Answer» A. related to intensity | |
Explanation: it is the intensity as perceived by the human eye. |
15. |
What is brightness adaptation? |
A. | changing the eye’s overall sensitivity |
B. | changing the eye’s imaging ability |
C. | adjusting the focal length |
D. | transition from scotopic to photopic vision |
Answer» A. changing the eye’s overall sensitivity | |
Explanation: the human eye a wide dynamic range by changing the eye’s overall sensitivity and this is called brightness adaptation. |
16. |
The inner most membrane of the human eye is |
A. | blind spot |
B. | sclera |
C. | choroid |
D. | retina |
Answer» D. retina | |
Explanation: retina is the innermost membrane of the human eye. |
17. |
What is the function of Iris? |
A. | source of nutrition |
B. | detect color |
C. | varies focal length |
D. | control amount of light |
Answer» D. control amount of light | |
Explanation: iris is responsible for controlling the amount of light that enters the human eye. |
18. |
________ serve to a general, overall picture of the field of view. |
A. | cones |
B. | rods |
C. | retina |
D. | all of the mentioned |
Answer» B. rods | |
Explanation: rods produce an overall picture of the field of view. |
19. |
Ratio of number of rods to the number of cones is _______ |
A. | 1:20 |
B. | 1:2 |
C. | 1:1 |
D. | 1:5 |
Answer» A. 1:20 | |
Explanation: no of rods: 6 to 7 million, no of rods: 75 to 150. |
20. |
The absence of receptors is in the retinal area called _____________ |
A. | lens |
B. | ciliary body |
C. | blind spot |
D. | fovea |
Answer» C. blind spot | |
Explanation: except the blind spot, receptors are radially distributed. |
21. |
The most familiar single sensor used for Image Acquisition is |
A. | microdensitometer |
B. | photodiode |
C. | cmos |
D. | none of the mentioned |
Answer» B. photodiode | |
Explanation: photodiode is the most commonly used single sensor made up of silicon materials. |
22. |
A geometry consisting of in-line arrangement of sensors for image acquisition |
A. | a photodiode |
B. | sensor strips |
C. | sensor arrays |
D. | cmos |
Answer» B. sensor strips | |
Explanation: sensor strips are very common next to single sensor and use in-line arrangement. |
23. |
CAT in imaging stands for |
A. | computer aided telegraphy |
B. | computer aided tomography |
C. | computerised axial telegraphy |
D. | computerised axial tomography |
Answer» D. computerised axial tomography | |
Explanation: industrial computerised axial tomography is based on image acquisition using sensor strips. |
24. |
The section of the real plane spanned by the coordinates of an image is called the _____________ |
A. | spacial domain |
B. | coordinate axes |
C. | plane of symmetry |
D. | none of the mentioned |
Answer» A. spacial domain | |
Explanation: the section of the real plane spanned by the coordinates of an image is called the spacial domain, with the x and y coordinates referred to as spacial coordinates. |
25. |
The difference is intensity between the highest and the lowest intensity levels in an image is ___________ |
A. | noise |
B. | saturation |
C. | contrast |
D. | brightness |
Answer» C. contrast | |
Explanation: contrast is the measure of the difference is intensity between the highest and the lowest intensity levels in an image. |
26. |
_____________ is the effect caused by the use of an insufficient number of intensity levels in smooth areas of a digital image. |
A. | gaussian smooth |
B. | contouring |
C. | false contouring |
D. | interpolation |
Answer» C. false contouring | |
Explanation: it is called so because the ridges resemble the contours of a map. |
27. |
The process of using known data to estimate values at unknown locations is called |
A. | acquisition |
B. | interpolation |
C. | pixelation |
D. | none of the mentioned |
Answer» B. interpolation | |
Explanation: interpolation is the process used to estimate unknown locations. it is applied in all image resampling methods. |
28. |
Which of the following is NOT an application of Image Multiplication? |
A. | shading correction |
B. | masking |
C. | pixelation |
D. | region of interest operations |
Answer» C. pixelation | |
Explanation: because pixelation deals with enlargement of pixels. |
29. |
The procedure done on a digital image to alter the values of its individual pixels is |
A. | neighbourhood operations |
B. | image registration |
C. | geometric spacial transformation |
D. | single pixel operation |
Answer» D. single pixel operation | |
Explanation: it is expressed as a transformation function t, of the form s=t(z) , where z is the intensity. |
30. |
In Geometric Spacial Transformation, points whose locations are known precisely in input and reference images. |
A. | tie points |
B. | r??seau points |
C. | known points |
D. | key-points |
Answer» A. tie points | |
Explanation: tie points, also called control points are points whose locations are known precisely in input and reference images. |
31. |
A continuous image is digitised at _______ points. |
A. | random |
B. | vertex |
C. | contour |
D. | sampling |
Answer» D. sampling | |
Explanation: the sampling points are ordered in the plane and their relation is called a grid. |
32. |
The transition between continuous values of the image function and its digital equivalent is called ______________ |
A. | quantisation |
B. | sampling |
C. | rasterisation |
D. | none of the mentioned |
Answer» A. quantisation | |
Explanation: the transition between continuous values of the image function and its digital equivalent is called quantisation. |
33. |
Images quantised with insufficient brightness levels will lead to the occurrence of ____________ |
A. | pixillation |
B. | blurring |
C. | false contours |
D. | none of the mentioned |
Answer» C. false contours | |
Explanation: this effect arises when the number brightness levels is lower that which the human eye can distinguish. |
34. |
The smallest discernible change in intensity level is called ____________ |
A. | intensity resolution |
B. | contour |
C. | saturation |
D. | contrast |
Answer» A. intensity resolution | |
Explanation: number of bits used to quantise intensity of an image is called intensity resolution. |
35. |
What is the tool used in tasks such as zooming, shrinking, rotating, etc.? |
A. | sampling |
B. | interpolation |
C. | filters |
D. | none of the mentioned |
Answer» B. interpolation | |
Explanation: interpolation is the basic tool used for zooming, shrinking, rotating, etc. |
36. |
The type of Interpolation where for each new location the intensity of the immediate pixel is assigned is ___________ |
A. | bicubic interpolation |
B. | cubic interpolation |
C. | bilinear interpolation |
D. | nearest neighbour interpolation |
Answer» D. nearest neighbour interpolation | |
Explanation: its called as nearest neighbour interpolation since for each new location the intensity of the next neighbouring pixel is assigned. |
37. |
The type of Interpolation where the intensity of the FOUR neighbouring pixels is used to obtain intensity a new location is called ___________ |
A. | cubic interpolation |
B. | nearest neighbour interpolation |
C. | bilinear interpolation |
D. | bicubic interpolation |
Answer» B. nearest neighbour interpolation | |
Explanation: bilinear interpolation is where the four neighbouring pixels is used to estimate intensity for a new location. |
38. |
Dynamic range of imaging system is a ratio where the upper limit is determined by |
A. | saturation |
B. | noise |
C. | brightness |
D. | contrast |
Answer» A. saturation | |
Explanation: saturation is taken as the numerator. |
39. |
For Dynamic range ratio the lower limit is determined by |
A. | saturation |
B. | brightness |
C. | noise |
D. | contrast |
Answer» C. noise | |
Explanation: noise is taken as the denominator. |
40. |
Quantitatively, spatial resolution cannot be represented in which of the following ways |
A. | line pairs |
B. | pixels |
C. | dots |
D. | none of the mentioned |
Answer» D. none of the mentioned | |
Explanation: all the options can be used to represent spatial resolution. |
41. |
In 4-neighbours of a pixel p, how far are each of the neighbours located from p? |
A. | one pixel apart |
B. | four pixels apart |
C. | alternating pixels |
D. | none of the mentioned |
Answer» A. one pixel apart | |
Explanation: each pixel is a unit distance apart from the pixel p. |
42. |
If S is a subset of pixels, pixels p and q are said to be ____________ if there exists a path between them consisting of pixels entirely in S. |
A. | continuous |
B. | ambiguous |
C. | connected |
D. | none of the mentioned |
Answer» C. connected | |
Explanation: pixels p and q are said to be connected if there exists a path between them consisting of pixels entirely in s. |
43. |
If R is a subset of pixels, we call R a _________ of the image if R is a connected set. |
A. | disjoint |
B. | region |
C. | closed |
D. | adjacent |
Answer» B. region | |
Explanation: r is called a region of the image. |
44. |
Two regions are said to be ___________ if their union forms a connected set. |
A. | adjacent |
B. | disjoint |
C. | closed |
D. | none of the mentioned |
Answer» A. adjacent | |
Explanation: the regions are said to be adjacent to each other. |
45. |
If an image contains K disjoint regions, what does the union of all the regions represent? |
A. | background |
B. | foreground |
C. | outer border |
D. | inner border |
Answer» B. foreground | |
Explanation: the union of all regions is called foreground and its complement is called the background. |
46. |
For a region R, the set of points that are adjacent to the complement of R is called as ________ |
A. | boundary |
B. | border |
C. | contour |
D. | all of the mentioned |
Answer» D. all of the mentioned | |
Explanation: the words boundary, border and contour mean the same set. |
47. |
The distance between pixels p and q, the pixels have a distance less than or equal to some value of radius r centred at (x,y) is called : |
A. | euclidean distance |
B. | city-block distance |
C. | chessboard distance |
D. | none of the mentioned |
Answer» A. euclidean distance | |
Explanation: euclidean distance is measured using a radius from a defined centre. |
48. |
The distance between pixels p and q, the pixels have a distance less than or equal to some value of radius r, form a diamond centred at (x,y) is called : |
A. | euclidean distance |
B. | chessboard distance |
C. | city-block distance |
D. | none of the mentioned |
Answer» C. city-block distance | |
Explanation: formation of a diamond is measured as city-block distance. |
49. |
The distance between pixels p and q, the pixels have a distance less than or equal to some value of radius r, form a square centred at (x,y) is called : |
A. | euclidean distance |
B. | chessboard distance |
C. | city-block distance |
D. | none of the mentioned |
Answer» B. chessboard distance | |
Explanation: distance measured by forming a square around the centre is called chessboard distance. |
50. |
Which of the following is NOT is not a type of Adjacency? |
A. | 4-adjacency |
B. | 8-adjacency |
C. | m-adjacency |
D. | none of the mentioned |
Answer» D. none of the mentioned | |
Explanation: all the mentioned adjacency types are valid. |
51. |
How is negative of an image obtained with intensity levels [0,L-1] with “r” and “s” being pixel values? |
A. | s = l – 1 + r |
B. | s = l – 1 – r |
C. | s = l + 1 + r |
D. | s = l + 1 + r |
Answer» B. s = l – 1 – r | |
Explanation: the negative is obtained using s = l – 1 + r. |
52. |
The general form of log transformations is ____________________. |
A. | s = c.log(1 + r) |
B. | s = c+log(1 + r) |
C. | s = c.log(1 – r) |
D. | s = c-log(1 – r) |
Answer» A. s = c.log(1 + r) | |
Explanation: s = c.log(1 + r) is the log transformation. |
53. |
Power-law transformations has the basic form of ________________, where c and ? are constants. |
A. | s = c + r? |
B. | s = c – r? |
C. | s = c * r? |
D. | s = c / r.? |
Answer» C. s = c * r? | |
Explanation: s = c * r? is called the power-law transformation. |
54. |
For what value of the output must the Power-law transformation account for offset? |
A. | no offset needed |
B. | all values |
C. | one |
D. | zero |
Answer» D. zero | |
Explanation: when the output is zero, an offset is necessary. |
55. |
What is Gamma Correction? |
A. | a power-law response phenomenon |
B. | inverted intensity curve |
C. | light brightness variation |
D. | none of the mentioned |
Answer» A. a power-law response phenomenon | |
Explanation: the exponent in power-law is called gamma and the process used to correct the response of power-law transformation is called gamma correction. |
56. |
Which process expands the range of intensity levels in an image so that it spans the full intensity range of the display? |
A. | shading correction |
B. | contrast sketching |
C. | gamma correction |
D. | none of the mentioned |
Answer» B. contrast sketching | |
Explanation: contrast sketching is the process used to expand intensity levels in an image. |
57. |
Highlighting a specific range of intensities of an image is called ___________. |
A. | intensity matching |
B. | intensity highlighting |
C. | intensity slicing |
D. | none of the mentioned |
Answer» C. intensity slicing | |
Explanation: highlighting a specific range of intensities of an image is called intensity slicing. |
58. |
Highlighting the contribution made to total image by specific bits instead of highlighting intensity-level changes is called ____________________. |
A. | intensity highlighting |
B. | byte-slicing |
C. | bit-plane slicing |
D. | none of the mentioned |
Answer» C. bit-plane slicing | |
Explanation: it is called bit-plane slicing. |
59. |
Which of the following involves reversing the intensity levels of an image? |
A. | log transformations |
B. | piecewise linear transformations |
C. | image negatives |
D. | none of the mentioned. |
Answer» C. image negatives | |
Explanation: image negatives use reversing intensity levels. |
60. |
Piecewise Linear Transformation function involves which of the following? |
A. | bit-plane slicing |
B. | intensity level slicing |
C. | contrast stretching |
D. | all of the mentioned |
Answer» D. all of the mentioned | |
Explanation: piecewise linear transformation function involves all the mentioned functions |
61. |
What is the basis for numerous spatial domain processing techniques? |
A. | transformations |
B. | scaling |
C. | histogram |
D. | none of the mentioned |
Answer» C. histogram | |
Explanation: histogram is the basis for numerous spatial domain processing techniques. |
62. |
In _______ image we notice that the components of histogram are concentrated on the low side on intensity scale. |
A. | bright |
B. | dark |
C. | colourful |
D. | all of the mentioned |
Answer» B. dark | |
Explanation: only in dark images, we notice that the components of histogram are concentrated on the low side on intensity scale. |
63. |
What is Histogram Equalisation also called as? |
A. | histogram matching |
B. | image enhancement |
C. | histogram linearisation |
D. | none of the mentioned |
Answer» C. histogram linearisation | |
Explanation: histogram linearisation is also known as histogram equalisation. |
64. |
What is Histogram Matching also called as? |
A. | histogram equalisation |
B. | histogram specification |
C. | histogram linearisation |
D. | none of the mentioned |
Answer» B. histogram specification | |
Explanation: histogram specification is also known as histogram matching. |
65. |
Histogram Equalisation is mainly used for _________________________. |
A. | image enhancement |
B. | blurring |
C. | contrast adjustment |
D. | none of the mentioned |
Answer» A. image enhancement | |
Explanation: it is mainly used for enhancement of usually dark images. |
66. |
To reduce computation if one utilises non-overlapping regions, it usually produces ______ effect. |
A. | dimming |
B. | blurred |
C. | blocky |
D. | none of the mentioned |
Answer» C. blocky | |
Explanation: utilising non-overlapping regions usually produces “blocky” effect. |
67. |
What does SEM stands for? |
A. | scanning electronic machine |
B. | self electronic machine |
C. | scanning electron microscope |
D. | scanning electric machine |
Answer» C. scanning electron microscope | |
Explanation: sem stands for scanning electron microscope. |
68. |
The type of Histogram Processing in which pixels are modified based on the intensity distribution of the image is called _______________. |
A. | intensive |
B. | local |
C. | global |
D. | random |
Answer» C. global | |
Explanation: it is called global histogram processing. |
69. |
Which type of Histogram Processing is suited for minute detailed enhancements? |
A. | intensive |
B. | local |
C. | global |
D. | random |
Answer» B. local | |
Explanation: local histogram processing is used. |
70. |
In uniform PDF, the expansion of PDF is ____________________________. |
A. | portable document format |
B. | post derivation function |
C. | previously derived function |
D. | probability density function |
Answer» D. probability density function | |
Explanation: pdf stands for probability density function. |
71. |
What is accepting or rejecting certain frequency components called as? |
A. | filtering |
B. | eliminating |
C. | slicing |
D. | none of the mentioned |
Answer» A. filtering | |
Explanation: filtering is the process of accepting or rejecting certain frequency components. |
72. |
A filter that passes low frequencies is ____________________. |
A. | band pass filter |
B. | high pass filter |
C. | low pass filter |
D. | none of the mentioned |
Answer» C. low pass filter | |
Explanation: low pass filter passes low frequencies. |
73. |
What is the process of moving a filter mask over the image and computing the sum of products at each location called as? |
A. | convolution |
B. | correlation |
C. | linear spatial filtering |
D. | non linear spatial filtering |
Answer» B. correlation | |
Explanation: the process is called as correlation. |
74. |
The standard deviation controls “____________” of the bell (2-D Gaussian function of bell shape). |
A. | size |
B. | curve |
C. | tightness |
D. | none of the mentioned |
Answer» C. tightness | |
Explanation: the standard deviation controls “tightness” of the bell. |
75. |
What is required to generate an M X N linear spatial filter? |
A. | mn mask coefficients |
B. | m+n coordinates |
C. | mn spatial coefficients |
D. | none of the mentioned |
Answer» A. mn mask coefficients | |
Explanation: to generate an m x n linear spatial filter mn mask coefficients must be specified. |
76. |
What is the difference between Convolution and Correlation? |
A. | image is pre-rotated by 180 degree for correlation |
B. | image is pre-rotated by 180 degree for convolution |
C. | image is pre-rotated by 90 degree for correlation |
D. | image is pre-rotated by 90 degree for convolution |
Answer» B. image is pre-rotated by 180 degree for convolution | |
Explanation: convolution is the same as correlation except that the image must be rotated by 180 degrees initially. |
77. |
Convolution and Correlation are functions of __________________. |
A. | distance |
B. | time |
C. | intensity |
D. | displacement |
Answer» D. displacement | |
Explanation: convolution and correlation are functions of displacement. |
78. |
The function that contains a single 1 with the rest being 0s is called ____________________. |
A. | identity function |
B. | inverse function |
C. | discrete unit impulse |
D. | none of the mentioned |
Answer» C. discrete unit impulse | |
Explanation: it is called discrete unit impulse. |
79. |
Which of the following involves Correlation? |
A. | matching |
B. | key-points |
C. | blobs |
D. | none of the mentioned. |
Answer» A. matching | |
Explanation: correlation is applied in finding matches. |
80. |
An example of a continuous function of two variables is _____________ |
A. | identity function |
B. | intensity function |
C. | contrast stretching |
D. | gaussian function |
Answer» D. gaussian function | |
Explanation: gaussian function has two variables and is an exponential continuous function. |
81. |
The output of a smoothing, linear spatial filtering is a ____________ of the pixels contained in the neighbourhood of the filter mask. |
A. | sum |
B. | product |
C. | average |
D. | dot product |
Answer» C. average | |
Explanation: smoothing is simply the average of the pixels contained in the neighbourhood. |
82. |
Averaging filters is also known as ____________ filter. |
A. | low pass |
B. | high pass |
C. | band pass |
D. | none of the mentioned |
Answer» A. low pass | |
Explanation: averaging filters is also known as low pass filters. |
83. |
What is the undesirable side effects of Averaging filters? |
A. | no side effects |
B. | blurred image |
C. | blurred edges |
D. | loss of sharp transitions |
Answer» C. blurred edges | |
Explanation: blue edges is the undesirable side effect of averaging filters. |
84. |
A spatial averaging filter in which all coefficients are equal is called _______________. |
A. | square filter |
B. | neighbourhood |
C. | box filter |
D. | zero filter |
Answer» C. box filter | |
Explanation: it is called a box filter. |
85. |
Which term is used to indicate that pixels are multiplied by different coefficients? |
A. | weighted average |
B. | squared average |
C. | spatial average |
D. | none of the mentioned |
Answer» A. weighted average | |
Explanation: it is called weighted average since more importance(weight) is given to some pixels. |
86. |
The non linear spacial filters whose response is based on ordering of the pixels contained is called _____________. |
A. | box filter |
B. | square filter |
C. | gaussian filter |
D. | order-statistic filter |
Answer» D. order-statistic filter | |
Explanation: it is called order-statistic filter. |
87. |
Impulse noise in Order-statistic filter is also called as _______________. |
A. | median noise |
B. | bilinear noise |
C. | salt and pepper noise |
D. | none of the mentioned |
Answer» C. salt and pepper noise | |
Explanation: it is called salt-and-pepper noise because of its appearance as white and black dots superimposed on an image. |
88. |
Best example for a Order-statistic filter is ____________________. |
A. | impulse filter |
B. | averaging filter |
C. | median filter |
D. | none of the mentioned |
Answer» C. median filter | |
Explanation: median filter is the best known order-statistic filter. |
89. |
What does “eliminated” refer to in median filter? |
A. | force to average intensity of neighbours |
B. | force to median intensity of neighbours |
C. | eliminate median value of pixels |
D. | none of the mentioned. |
Answer» B. force to median intensity of neighbours | |
Explanation: it refers to forcing to median intensity of neighbours. |
90. |
Which of the following is best suited for salt-and-pepper noise elimination? |
A. | average filter |
B. | box filter |
C. | max filter |
D. | median filter |
Answer» D. median filter | |
Explanation: median filter is better suited than average filter for salt-and-pepper noise elimination. |
91. |
What is the set generated using infinite-value membership functions, called? |
A. | crisp set |
B. | boolean set |
C. | fuzzy set |
D. | all of the mentioned |
Answer» C. fuzzy set | |
Explanation: it is called fuzzy set. |
92. |
Which is the set, whose membership only can be true or false, in bi-values Boolean logic? |
A. | boolean set |
B. | crisp set |
C. | null set |
D. | none of the mentioned |
Answer» B. crisp set | |
Explanation: the so called crisp set is the one in which membership only can be true or false, in bi-values boolean logic. |
93. |
If Z is a set of elements with a generic element z, i.e. Z = {z}, then this set is called _____________ |
A. | universe set |
B. | universe of discourse |
C. | derived set |
D. | none of the mentioned |
Answer» B. universe of discourse | |
Explanation: it is called the universe of discourse. |
94. |
A fuzzy set ‘A’ in Z is characterized by a ____________ that associates with element of Z, a real number in the interval [0, 1]. |
A. | grade of membership |
B. | generic element |
C. | membership function |
D. | none of the mentioned |
Answer» C. membership function | |
Explanation: a fuzzy set is characterized by a membership function. |
95. |
A fuzzy set is ________ if and only if membership function is identically zero in Z. |
A. | empty |
B. | subset |
C. | complement |
D. | none of the mentioned |
Answer» A. empty | |
Explanation: it is called an empty set. |
96. |
Which of the following is a type of Membership function? |
A. | triangular |
B. | trapezoidal |
C. | sigma |
D. | all of the mentioned |
Answer» D. all of the mentioned | |
Explanation: all of them are types of membership functions. |
97. |
Which of the following is not a type of Membership function? |
A. | s-shape |
B. | bell shape |
C. | truncated gaussian |
D. | none of the mentioned |
Answer» D. none of the mentioned | |
Explanation: all of the mentioned above are types of membership functions. |
98. |
Using IF-THEN rule to create the output of fuzzy system is called __________. |
A. | inference |
B. | implication |
C. | both the mentioned |
D. | none of the mentioned |
Answer» C. both the mentioned | |
Explanation: it is called inference or implication. |
99. |
What is the independent variable of fuzzy output? |
A. | maturity |
B. | membership |
C. | generic element |
D. | none of the mentioned |
Answer» A. maturity | |
Explanation: maturity is the independent variable of fuzzy output. |
100. |
Which of the following is not a principle step in fuzzy technique? |
A. | fuzzify input |
B. | apply implication method |
C. | defuzzify final output |
D. | none of the mentioned |
Answer» D. none of the mentioned | |
Explanation: all of the mentioned above are key steps in fuzzy technique. |
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