McqMate
These multiple-choice questions (MCQs) are designed to enhance your knowledge and understanding in the following areas: Master of Science in Computer Science (MSc CS) .
| 51. |
How is negative of an image obtained with intensity levels [0,L-1] with “r” and “s” being pixel values? |
| A. | s = l – 1 + r |
| B. | s = l – 1 – r |
| C. | s = l + 1 + r |
| D. | s = l + 1 + r |
| Answer» B. s = l – 1 – r | |
| Explanation: the negative is obtained using s = l – 1 + r. | |
| 52. |
The general form of log transformations is ____________________. |
| A. | s = c.log(1 + r) |
| B. | s = c+log(1 + r) |
| C. | s = c.log(1 – r) |
| D. | s = c-log(1 – r) |
| Answer» A. s = c.log(1 + r) | |
| Explanation: s = c.log(1 + r) is the log transformation. | |
| 53. |
Power-law transformations has the basic form of ________________, where c and ? are constants. |
| A. | s = c + r? |
| B. | s = c – r? |
| C. | s = c * r? |
| D. | s = c / r.? |
| Answer» C. s = c * r? | |
| Explanation: s = c * r? is called the power-law transformation. | |
| 54. |
For what value of the output must the Power-law transformation account for offset? |
| A. | no offset needed |
| B. | all values |
| C. | one |
| D. | zero |
| Answer» D. zero | |
| Explanation: when the output is zero, an offset is necessary. | |
| 55. |
What is Gamma Correction? |
| A. | a power-law response phenomenon |
| B. | inverted intensity curve |
| C. | light brightness variation |
| D. | none of the mentioned |
| Answer» A. a power-law response phenomenon | |
| Explanation: the exponent in power-law is called gamma and the process used to correct the response of power-law transformation is called gamma correction. | |
| 56. |
Which process expands the range of intensity levels in an image so that it spans the full intensity range of the display? |
| A. | shading correction |
| B. | contrast sketching |
| C. | gamma correction |
| D. | none of the mentioned |
| Answer» B. contrast sketching | |
| Explanation: contrast sketching is the process used to expand intensity levels in an image. | |
| 57. |
Highlighting a specific range of intensities of an image is called ___________. |
| A. | intensity matching |
| B. | intensity highlighting |
| C. | intensity slicing |
| D. | none of the mentioned |
| Answer» C. intensity slicing | |
| Explanation: highlighting a specific range of intensities of an image is called intensity slicing. | |
| 58. |
Highlighting the contribution made to total image by specific bits instead of highlighting intensity-level changes is called ____________________. |
| A. | intensity highlighting |
| B. | byte-slicing |
| C. | bit-plane slicing |
| D. | none of the mentioned |
| Answer» C. bit-plane slicing | |
| Explanation: it is called bit-plane slicing. | |
| 59. |
Which of the following involves reversing the intensity levels of an image? |
| A. | log transformations |
| B. | piecewise linear transformations |
| C. | image negatives |
| D. | none of the mentioned. |
| Answer» C. image negatives | |
| Explanation: image negatives use reversing intensity levels. | |
| 60. |
Piecewise Linear Transformation function involves which of the following? |
| A. | bit-plane slicing |
| B. | intensity level slicing |
| C. | contrast stretching |
| D. | all of the mentioned |
| Answer» D. all of the mentioned | |
| Explanation: piecewise linear transformation function involves all the mentioned functions | |
| 61. |
What is the basis for numerous spatial domain processing techniques? |
| A. | transformations |
| B. | scaling |
| C. | histogram |
| D. | none of the mentioned |
| Answer» C. histogram | |
| Explanation: histogram is the basis for numerous spatial domain processing techniques. | |
| 62. |
In _______ image we notice that the components of histogram are concentrated on the low side on intensity scale. |
| A. | bright |
| B. | dark |
| C. | colourful |
| D. | all of the mentioned |
| Answer» B. dark | |
| Explanation: only in dark images, we notice that the components of histogram are concentrated on the low side on intensity scale. | |
| 63. |
What is Histogram Equalisation also called as? |
| A. | histogram matching |
| B. | image enhancement |
| C. | histogram linearisation |
| D. | none of the mentioned |
| Answer» C. histogram linearisation | |
| Explanation: histogram linearisation is also known as histogram equalisation. | |
| 64. |
What is Histogram Matching also called as? |
| A. | histogram equalisation |
| B. | histogram specification |
| C. | histogram linearisation |
| D. | none of the mentioned |
| Answer» B. histogram specification | |
| Explanation: histogram specification is also known as histogram matching. | |
| 65. |
Histogram Equalisation is mainly used for _________________________. |
| A. | image enhancement |
| B. | blurring |
| C. | contrast adjustment |
| D. | none of the mentioned |
| Answer» A. image enhancement | |
| Explanation: it is mainly used for enhancement of usually dark images. | |
| 66. |
To reduce computation if one utilises non-overlapping regions, it usually produces ______ effect. |
| A. | dimming |
| B. | blurred |
| C. | blocky |
| D. | none of the mentioned |
| Answer» C. blocky | |
| Explanation: utilising non-overlapping regions usually produces “blocky” effect. | |
| 67. |
What does SEM stands for? |
| A. | scanning electronic machine |
| B. | self electronic machine |
| C. | scanning electron microscope |
| D. | scanning electric machine |
| Answer» C. scanning electron microscope | |
| Explanation: sem stands for scanning electron microscope. | |
| 68. |
The type of Histogram Processing in which pixels are modified based on the intensity distribution of the image is called _______________. |
| A. | intensive |
| B. | local |
| C. | global |
| D. | random |
| Answer» C. global | |
| Explanation: it is called global histogram processing. | |
| 69. |
Which type of Histogram Processing is suited for minute detailed enhancements? |
| A. | intensive |
| B. | local |
| C. | global |
| D. | random |
| Answer» B. local | |
| Explanation: local histogram processing is used. | |
| 70. |
In uniform PDF, the expansion of PDF is ____________________________. |
| A. | portable document format |
| B. | post derivation function |
| C. | previously derived function |
| D. | probability density function |
| Answer» D. probability density function | |
| Explanation: pdf stands for probability density function. | |
| 71. |
What is accepting or rejecting certain frequency components called as? |
| A. | filtering |
| B. | eliminating |
| C. | slicing |
| D. | none of the mentioned |
| Answer» A. filtering | |
| Explanation: filtering is the process of accepting or rejecting certain frequency components. | |
| 72. |
A filter that passes low frequencies is ____________________. |
| A. | band pass filter |
| B. | high pass filter |
| C. | low pass filter |
| D. | none of the mentioned |
| Answer» C. low pass filter | |
| Explanation: low pass filter passes low frequencies. | |
| 73. |
What is the process of moving a filter mask over the image and computing the sum of products at each location called as? |
| A. | convolution |
| B. | correlation |
| C. | linear spatial filtering |
| D. | non linear spatial filtering |
| Answer» B. correlation | |
| Explanation: the process is called as correlation. | |
| 74. |
The standard deviation controls “____________” of the bell (2-D Gaussian function of bell shape). |
| A. | size |
| B. | curve |
| C. | tightness |
| D. | none of the mentioned |
| Answer» C. tightness | |
| Explanation: the standard deviation controls “tightness” of the bell. | |
| 75. |
What is required to generate an M X N linear spatial filter? |
| A. | mn mask coefficients |
| B. | m+n coordinates |
| C. | mn spatial coefficients |
| D. | none of the mentioned |
| Answer» A. mn mask coefficients | |
| Explanation: to generate an m x n linear spatial filter mn mask coefficients must be specified. | |
| 76. |
What is the difference between Convolution and Correlation? |
| A. | image is pre-rotated by 180 degree for correlation |
| B. | image is pre-rotated by 180 degree for convolution |
| C. | image is pre-rotated by 90 degree for correlation |
| D. | image is pre-rotated by 90 degree for convolution |
| Answer» B. image is pre-rotated by 180 degree for convolution | |
| Explanation: convolution is the same as correlation except that the image must be rotated by 180 degrees initially. | |
| 77. |
Convolution and Correlation are functions of __________________. |
| A. | distance |
| B. | time |
| C. | intensity |
| D. | displacement |
| Answer» D. displacement | |
| Explanation: convolution and correlation are functions of displacement. | |
| 78. |
The function that contains a single 1 with the rest being 0s is called ____________________. |
| A. | identity function |
| B. | inverse function |
| C. | discrete unit impulse |
| D. | none of the mentioned |
| Answer» C. discrete unit impulse | |
| Explanation: it is called discrete unit impulse. | |
| 79. |
Which of the following involves Correlation? |
| A. | matching |
| B. | key-points |
| C. | blobs |
| D. | none of the mentioned. |
| Answer» A. matching | |
| Explanation: correlation is applied in finding matches. | |
| 80. |
An example of a continuous function of two variables is _____________ |
| A. | identity function |
| B. | intensity function |
| C. | contrast stretching |
| D. | gaussian function |
| Answer» D. gaussian function | |
| Explanation: gaussian function has two variables and is an exponential continuous function. | |
| 81. |
The output of a smoothing, linear spatial filtering is a ____________ of the pixels contained in the neighbourhood of the filter mask. |
| A. | sum |
| B. | product |
| C. | average |
| D. | dot product |
| Answer» C. average | |
| Explanation: smoothing is simply the average of the pixels contained in the neighbourhood. | |
| 82. |
Averaging filters is also known as ____________ filter. |
| A. | low pass |
| B. | high pass |
| C. | band pass |
| D. | none of the mentioned |
| Answer» A. low pass | |
| Explanation: averaging filters is also known as low pass filters. | |
| 83. |
What is the undesirable side effects of Averaging filters? |
| A. | no side effects |
| B. | blurred image |
| C. | blurred edges |
| D. | loss of sharp transitions |
| Answer» C. blurred edges | |
| Explanation: blue edges is the undesirable side effect of averaging filters. | |
| 84. |
A spatial averaging filter in which all coefficients are equal is called _______________. |
| A. | square filter |
| B. | neighbourhood |
| C. | box filter |
| D. | zero filter |
| Answer» C. box filter | |
| Explanation: it is called a box filter. | |
| 85. |
Which term is used to indicate that pixels are multiplied by different coefficients? |
| A. | weighted average |
| B. | squared average |
| C. | spatial average |
| D. | none of the mentioned |
| Answer» A. weighted average | |
| Explanation: it is called weighted average since more importance(weight) is given to some pixels. | |
| 86. |
The non linear spacial filters whose response is based on ordering of the pixels contained is called _____________. |
| A. | box filter |
| B. | square filter |
| C. | gaussian filter |
| D. | order-statistic filter |
| Answer» D. order-statistic filter | |
| Explanation: it is called order-statistic filter. | |
| 87. |
Impulse noise in Order-statistic filter is also called as _______________. |
| A. | median noise |
| B. | bilinear noise |
| C. | salt and pepper noise |
| D. | none of the mentioned |
| Answer» C. salt and pepper noise | |
| Explanation: it is called salt-and-pepper noise because of its appearance as white and black dots superimposed on an image. | |
| 88. |
Best example for a Order-statistic filter is ____________________. |
| A. | impulse filter |
| B. | averaging filter |
| C. | median filter |
| D. | none of the mentioned |
| Answer» C. median filter | |
| Explanation: median filter is the best known order-statistic filter. | |
| 89. |
What does “eliminated” refer to in median filter? |
| A. | force to average intensity of neighbours |
| B. | force to median intensity of neighbours |
| C. | eliminate median value of pixels |
| D. | none of the mentioned. |
| Answer» B. force to median intensity of neighbours | |
| Explanation: it refers to forcing to median intensity of neighbours. | |
| 90. |
Which of the following is best suited for salt-and-pepper noise elimination? |
| A. | average filter |
| B. | box filter |
| C. | max filter |
| D. | median filter |
| Answer» D. median filter | |
| Explanation: median filter is better suited than average filter for salt-and-pepper noise elimination. | |
| 91. |
What is the set generated using infinite-value membership functions, called? |
| A. | crisp set |
| B. | boolean set |
| C. | fuzzy set |
| D. | all of the mentioned |
| Answer» C. fuzzy set | |
| Explanation: it is called fuzzy set. | |
| 92. |
Which is the set, whose membership only can be true or false, in bi-values Boolean logic? |
| A. | boolean set |
| B. | crisp set |
| C. | null set |
| D. | none of the mentioned |
| Answer» B. crisp set | |
| Explanation: the so called crisp set is the one in which membership only can be true or false, in bi-values boolean logic. | |
| 93. |
If Z is a set of elements with a generic element z, i.e. Z = {z}, then this set is called _____________ |
| A. | universe set |
| B. | universe of discourse |
| C. | derived set |
| D. | none of the mentioned |
| Answer» B. universe of discourse | |
| Explanation: it is called the universe of discourse. | |
| 94. |
A fuzzy set ‘A’ in Z is characterized by a ____________ that associates with element of Z, a real number in the interval [0, 1]. |
| A. | grade of membership |
| B. | generic element |
| C. | membership function |
| D. | none of the mentioned |
| Answer» C. membership function | |
| Explanation: a fuzzy set is characterized by a membership function. | |
| 95. |
A fuzzy set is ________ if and only if membership function is identically zero in Z. |
| A. | empty |
| B. | subset |
| C. | complement |
| D. | none of the mentioned |
| Answer» A. empty | |
| Explanation: it is called an empty set. | |
| 96. |
Which of the following is a type of Membership function? |
| A. | triangular |
| B. | trapezoidal |
| C. | sigma |
| D. | all of the mentioned |
| Answer» D. all of the mentioned | |
| Explanation: all of them are types of membership functions. | |
| 97. |
Which of the following is not a type of Membership function? |
| A. | s-shape |
| B. | bell shape |
| C. | truncated gaussian |
| D. | none of the mentioned |
| Answer» D. none of the mentioned | |
| Explanation: all of the mentioned above are types of membership functions. | |
| 98. |
Using IF-THEN rule to create the output of fuzzy system is called __________. |
| A. | inference |
| B. | implication |
| C. | both the mentioned |
| D. | none of the mentioned |
| Answer» C. both the mentioned | |
| Explanation: it is called inference or implication. | |
| 99. |
What is the independent variable of fuzzy output? |
| A. | maturity |
| B. | membership |
| C. | generic element |
| D. | none of the mentioned |
| Answer» A. maturity | |
| Explanation: maturity is the independent variable of fuzzy output. | |
| 100. |
Which of the following is not a principle step in fuzzy technique? |
| A. | fuzzify input |
| B. | apply implication method |
| C. | defuzzify final output |
| D. | none of the mentioned |
| Answer» D. none of the mentioned | |
| Explanation: all of the mentioned above are key steps in fuzzy technique. | |
Done Studing? Take A Test.
Great job completing your study session! Now it's time to put your knowledge to the test. Challenge yourself, see how much you've learned, and identify areas for improvement. Don’t worry, this is all part of the journey to mastery. Ready for the next step? Take a quiz to solidify what you've just studied.