According to Charaka, infertility (Vandhyatva) is broadly categorized into three types: Vandhya (absolute infertility, often congenital), Apraja (primary infertility where conception fails initially but might succeed with treatment), and Sapraja (secondary infertility, where a woman conceives but fails to conceive again or has previous successful pregnancies). These classifications, derived from combining references in the Charaka Samhita, focus on the degree and history of the inability to conceive, with underlying causes often linked to dosha imbalances or congenital issues.