In the                      phase, the system replays updates of all transactions by scanning the log forward from the last checkpoint.

Related MCQs

• A special redo-only log record < Ti, Xj, V1> is written to the log, where V1 is the value being restored to data item Xj during the rollback. These log records are sometimes called
•                          using a log record sets the data item specified in the log record to the old value.
• Writing the buffered log to                      is sometimes referred to as a log force.
• If several concurrent transactions are executed over the same data set and the second transaction updates the database before the first transaction is finished, the ____ property is violated and the database is no longer consistent.
• A                  on an attribute of a relation is a data structure that allows the database system to find those tuples in the relation that have a specified value for that attribute efficiently, without scanning through all the tuples of the relation.
•                        refers to the ability of the system to recover committed transaction updates if either the system or the storage media fails.
• Which TCL command undo all the updates performed by the SQL in the transaction?
• A concurrency-control policy such as this one leads to              performance since it forces transactions to wait for preceding transactions to finish before they can start.
•                      are used to ensure that transactions access each data item in order of the transactions’          if their accesses conflict.
• Each of a pair of transactions has read data that is written by the other, but there is no data written by both transactions, is referred to as