McqMate
These multiple-choice questions (MCQs) are designed to enhance your knowledge and understanding in the following areas: Biology .
| 1. |
Smoking is associated with all the following diseases EXCEPT |
| A. | spontaneous abortion |
| B. | atherosclerosis |
| C. | bladder carcinoma |
| D. | chronic liver disease |
| Answer» D. chronic liver disease | |
| 2. |
Smoking is associated with |
| D. | particle deposition in alveolar macrophages |
| Answer» D. particle deposition in alveolar macrophages | |
| 3. |
In pulmonary tuberculosis |
| A. | the Ghon complex is a parenchymal peri-hilar lesion |
| B. | bacilli establish themselves in sites of low oxygen tension |
| C. | liquefactive necrosis precedes granuloma formation |
| D. | Langhans cells occur in coalescent granulomas |
| E. | Primary TB causes more damage to lungs than secondary TB |
| Answer» D. Langhans cells occur in coalescent granulomas | |
| 4. |
The commonest site of primary TB lesion in lung is |
| A. | apex |
| B. | base |
| C. | hilum |
| D. | lower zone of upper lobe |
| E. | peripherally |
| Answer» E. peripherally | |
| 5. |
Regarding the changes to myocardium after MI |
| A. | pallor at 24 hours |
| B. | wavy fibres are found centrally |
| C. | decreased contractility after 5 minutes |
| D. | liquefactive necrosis is typical |
| E. | sarcoplasm is resorbed by leukocytes |
| Answer» A. pallor at 24 hours | |
| 6. |
In compensated cardiac hypertrophy changes include |
| A. | diffuse fibrosis |
| B. | hyperplasia |
| C. | decreased sarcomeres |
| D. | increased capillary density |
| E. | increased capillary/myocyte ratio |
| Answer» A. diffuse fibrosis | |
| 7. |
In atherosclerosis the cells at the centre of the plaque are |
| A. | macrophages |
| B. | foam cells |
| C. | leukocytes |
| D. | smooth muscle cells |
| Answer» B. foam cells | |
| 8. |
All of the following are major risk factors for atherosclerosis EXCEPT |
| A. | obesity |
| B. | hyperlipidemia |
| C. | smoking |
| D. | hypertension |
| E. | diabetes |
| Answer» A. obesity | |
| 9. |
Endocarditis in IV drug abusers typically |
| A. | involves the mitral valve |
| B. | is caused by candida albicans |
| C. | does not cause fever |
| D. | has a better prognosis than other types of endocarditis |
| E. | is caused by staph aureus |
| Answer» E. is caused by staph aureus | |
| 10. |
The commonest cause of fungal endocarditis is |
| A. | actinomycosis |
| B. | as |
| C. | as |
| D. | candida |
| E. | blatomycosis |
| Answer» D. candida | |
| 11. |
With regard to MI |
| A. | gross necrotic changes are present within 3-5 hours |
| B. | irreversible cell injury occurs in less than 10 minutes |
| C. | fibrotic scarring is completed in less than 2 weeks |
| D. | death occurs in 20 % of cases in less than 2 hours |
| E. | is most commonly caused by occlusion of the left circumflex coronary artery |
| Answer» D. death occurs in 20 % of cases in less than 2 hours | |
| 12. |
Regarding pericarditis |
| A. | constrictive pericarditis only rarely follows suppurative pericarditis |
| B. | primary pericarditis is usually bacterial in origin |
| C. | serous pericarditis may be due to ureamia |
| D. | haemorrhagic pericarditis is most commonly due to Klebsiella infection |
| E. | fibrinous pericarditis is due to TB until proven otherwise |
| Answer» C. serous pericarditis may be due to ureamia | |
| 13. |
Shock results in |
| D. | decreased capillary hydrostatic pressure |
| Answer» D. decreased capillary hydrostatic pressure | |
| 14. |
Patient who has a normal blood pressure post MI must have |
| A. | increased cardiac output |
| B. | increased systolic filling pressure |
| C. | increased right atrial pressure |
| Answer» B. increased systolic filling pressure | |
| 15. |
Acute endocarditis |
| A. | has a less than 20 % mortality |
| B. | is caused by virulent micro-organisms |
| C. | 30 % is caused bacteria |
| Answer» B. is caused by virulent micro-organisms | |
| 16. |
Congestive cardiac failure may be caused by |
| A. | vitamin A deficiency |
| B. | niacin deficiency |
| C. | vitamin D deficiency |
| D. | thiamine deficiency |
| E. | vitamin C deficiency |
| Answer» D. thiamine deficiency | |
| 17. |
Thromboctopenia |
| A. | occurs commonly in HIV |
| B. | causes spontaneous bleeding at levels of less than 90,000/mm |
| C. | occurs with hyposplenism |
| D. | is related to platelet survival in paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria |
| E. | is not associated with megaloblastic anaemia |
| Answer» A. occurs commonly in HIV | |
| 18. |
A young man presents with central chest pain presumed to be associated with vasoconstriction. The most likely cause of the pain is local |
| A. | hypoxia |
| B. | decreased ATP |
| C. | increased CO2 |
| D. | catecholamines acting on alpha 1 receptors |
| E. | acetylcholine stimulation |
| Answer» A. hypoxia | |
| 19. |
An adult male with an ejection fraction of 80 % could be due to |
| A. | myocardial ischaemia |
| B. | arrhythmia |
| C. | thiamine deficiency |
| Answer» C. thiamine deficiency | |
| 20. |
Malignant hypertension |
| A. | 75 % recover with no loss of renal function |
| B. | is associated with abnormal renin levels |
| E. | affects 1 to 5 % of sufferers |
| Answer» E. affects 1 to 5 % of sufferers | |
| 21. |
The cause of fluid retention peripherally with congestive cardiac failure is |
| A. | increased renin |
| B. | increased GFR |
| C. | increased angiotensin 2 |
| D. | increased aldosterone |
| Answer» D. increased aldosterone | |
| 22. |
Rheumatic carditis is associated with |
| A. | Curschmann spirals |
| B. | Ito cells |
| C. | Aschoff bodies |
| D. | Nutmeg cells |
| E. | Reed-sternberg cells |
| Answer» C. Aschoff bodies | |
| 23. |
Bradykinin |
| A. | causes smooth muscle dilatation |
| B. | kallikrein causes prohormone degredation to produce bradykinin |
| Answer» B. kallikrein causes prohormone degredation to produce bradykinin | |
| 24. |
Diabetes is associated with |
| A. | carbuncles |
| B. | mucormycosis |
| E. | all of the above |
| Answer» E. all of the above | |
| 25. |
Pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes is associated with |
| A. | decreased insulin sensitivity |
| B. | abnormal glucokinase activity |
| C. | no antibodies found at diagnosis |
| D. | auto-immune insulitis |
| E. | twin concordance greater than 70 % |
| Answer» D. auto-immune insulitis | |
| 26. |
In type 1 diabetes |
| A. | associated organ-specific auto-immune disorders are common |
| B. | a genetic susceptibility is not supported by evidence |
| C. | Finnish children have a 70 fold increase compared with Korean children |
| D. | Influenza and varicella viruses are suspected as initiators of the disease |
| E. | Children who ingest cows milk early in life may have a lower incidence |
| Answer» C. Finnish children have a 70 fold increase compared with Korean children | |
| 27. |
Regarding pancreatitis |
| A. | the second most common cause is infectious agents |
| B. | trypsin is implicated as an activator of the kinin system |
| C. | the chronic form is usually due to gallstones |
| D. | duct obstruction is not the mechanism in alcoholic pancreatitis |
| E. | elastase is the only pancreatic enzyme that acts to limit pancreatitis |
| Answer» B. trypsin is implicated as an activator of the kinin system | |
| 28. |
In acute pancreatitis |
| A. | fat necrosis occurs in other intra-abdominal fatty deposits |
| B. | trauma is the precipitating cause in 30 % of cases |
| C. | alcohol is directly toxic to the Islets of Langerhans |
| D. | Kallikrein converts trypsin to activate the complement system |
| E. | Erythromycin has been implicated in severe cases |
| Answer» A. fat necrosis occurs in other intra-abdominal fatty deposits | |
| 29. |
With regards to jaundice |
| A. | Conjugated bilirubin causes kernicterus in adults |
| B. | Unconjugated bilirubin does not colour sclera |
| C. | Unconjugated bilirubin is tightly bound to albumin |
| D. | Unconjugated bilirubin produces bilirubin in urine |
| E. | Conjugated bilirubin is tightly bound to albumin |
| Answer» C. Unconjugated bilirubin is tightly bound to albumin | |
| 30. |
In cirrhosis |
| A. | fibrosis is confined to the delicate bands around central veins |
| B. | nodularity is uncommon |
| C. | vascular architecture is preserved |
| D. | the Ito cell is a major source of excess collagen |
| E. | the left lobe of the liver is most affected |
| Answer» D. the Ito cell is a major source of excess collagen | |
| 31. |
Cirrhosis is associated with |
| B. | reorganised liver vasculature with scarring |
| Answer» B. reorganised liver vasculature with scarring | |
| 32. |
Oesophageal varices |
| A. | occur in one third of all cirrhosis patients |
| B. | account for more than 50 % of episodes of haematemesis |
| C. | are most often associated with hepatitis C cirrhosis |
| D. | have a 40 % mortality during the first episode of rupture |
| E. | lie primarily in the middle portion of the oesophagus |
| Answer» D. have a 40 % mortality during the first episode of rupture | |
| 33. |
Concerning acute tubular necrosis |
| A. | cephalosporins are not a causative agent |
| B. | nephrotoxic causes are associated with a poor prognosis |
| C. | casts are found in the loop of Henle |
| D. | rhabdomyolysis is not a cause |
| E. | ischaemic tubular necrosis is uncommon after haemorrhagic shock |
| Answer» C. casts are found in the loop of Henle | |
| 34. |
Regarding acute tubular necrosis |
| A. | it is associated with hyperkalemia not hypokalemia in recovery |
| B. | non-oliguric has a better recovery |
| C. | it is associated with ischaemic cortical cells |
| D. | 80 % are associated with anuria |
| Answer» B. non-oliguric has a better recovery | |
| 35. |
Ischaemic tubular necrosis is associated with |
| A. | maintenance stage with polyuria |
| B. | predominantly proximal necrosis |
| C. | intact basement membranes |
| D. | tubular cast obstruction |
| E. | distal necrosis only |
| Answer» D. tubular cast obstruction | |
| 36. |
Regarding the hepatorenal syndrome |
| A. | it is irreversible |
| B. | one loses the ability to concentrate urine |
| C. | urine has a high sodium concentration |
| D. | the urine is hyperosmolar |
| E. | the favoured theory of it’s generation involves increased renal blood |
| Answer» D. the urine is hyperosmolar | |
| 37. |
Urolithiasis |
| A. | presence of hypercalcemia implies renal insufficiency |
| B. | a patient with leukemia is likely to make cystine calculi |
| C. | calcium is the major component of 35% of calculi |
| D. | struvite stones are made up of magnesium-ammonium-phosphate |
| E. | the commonest cause of calcium oxalate stones is hypercalciuria |
| Answer» D. struvite stones are made up of magnesium-ammonium-phosphate | |
| 38. |
In pyelonephritis |
| A. | 85 % of infections are caused by G-ve bacteria |
| B. | uretral obstruction makes haematogenous infection less likely |
| C. | uretral obstruction allows bacteria to ascend the ureter into the pelvis |
| D. | infection is less likely during pregnancy |
| E. | papillary necrosis and perinephric abscess are common seqelae |
| Answer» A. 85 % of infections are caused by G-ve bacteria | |
| 39. |
Cushing syndrome is associated with |
| A. | osteoporosis |
| B. | general obesity |
| C. | hypotension |
| Answer» A. osteoporosis | |
| 40. |
Macrocytic anaemia is associated with all the following except |
| A. | Hyperthyroidism |
| B. | Neoplasm |
| C. | Folate and B12 deficiency |
| D. | Pregnancy |
| E. | EBV |
| Answer» E. EBV | |
| 41. |
Myositis ossificans |
| A. | Morphologically resembles osteosarcoma |
| B. | Resembles the repair process following a muscle tear |
| Answer» A. Morphologically resembles osteosarcoma | |
| 42. |
Hypothyroidism is associated with all of the following EXCEPT |
| A. | cretinism |
| D. | decreased hair growth |
| E. | cold intolerance |
| Answer» D. decreased hair growth | |
| 43. |
Which of the following reactions is cell mediated |
| A. | SLE |
| B. | Arthus reaction |
| C. | Anaphylaxis |
| D. | Graft rejection |
| E. | Goodpastures |
| Answer» D. Graft rejection | |
| 44. |
Myelefibrosis |
| A. | causes decreased megakaryocytes |
| B. | stimulates erythropoetin production |
| C. | causes leukoerythroblastic anaemia |
| Answer» C. causes leukoerythroblastic anaemia | |
| 45. |
The commonest cause of thyroid carcinoma is |
| A. | medullary |
| B. | follicular |
| C. | papillary |
| D. | anaplastic |
| E. | squamous |
| Answer» C. papillary | |
| 46. |
Stress fractures |
| A. | do not incite a paracortical reaction |
| E. | result from repetitive stresses or abnormal axial loading |
| Answer» E. result from repetitive stresses or abnormal axial loading | |
| 47. |
A performed mediator of inflammation is |
| A. | Prostaglandin |
| B. | Histamine |
| C. | Leukotriene |
| D. | Nitric oxide |
| E. | Platelet activating factor |
| Answer» B. Histamine | |
| 48. |
In normal haemostasis |
| A. | Factor V inhibits thrombosis |
| B. | Alpha 2 microglobulin is antithrombotic |
| C. | PGI2 favours platelet aggregation |
| D. | Platelet aggregation is inhibited by von Willebrand factor |
| E. | Tissue plasminogen activator is responsible for prothrombotic events |
| Answer» B. Alpha 2 microglobulin is antithrombotic | |
| 49. |
Mononuclear phagocytes |
| A. | Are the predominant cells in three day old wounds |
| B. | Are common in liver, spleen and pancreas |
| C. | Produce fibroblast growth factor |
| D. | Secrete interferon Y |
| E. | Have a half life of one day |
| Answer» C. Produce fibroblast growth factor | |
| 50. |
Normal endothelial cells decrease platelet aggregation by secreting |
| A. | Interleukin 1 |
| B. | von Willebrand factor |
| C. | Prostacyclin |
| D. | Factor V |
| E. | Thromboplastin |
| Answer» C. Prostacyclin | |
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