McqMate
These multiple-choice questions (MCQs) are designed to enhance your knowledge and understanding in the following areas: Biology .
| 101. |
Which of the following is not a para-neoplastic syndrome associated with lung carcinoma |
| A. | ectopic ADH secretion |
| B. | dermatomyositis |
| C. | migratory thrombophlebitis |
| D. | Eaton-Lambert (myasthenic) syndrome |
| E. | thrombocytosis |
| Answer» E. thrombocytosis | |
| 102. |
Which of the following tumour is benign |
| A. | chondrosarcoma |
| B. | osteochondroma |
| C. | chondroblastoma |
| D. | Ewing’s tumour |
| E. | none of the above |
| Answer» B. osteochondroma | |
| 103. |
Which of the following is not a feature of acute Crohn’s disease |
| A. | segmental lesions |
| B. | serosal involvement |
| C. | fissures penetrating deep into the wall of affected mucosa |
| D. | inflammatory pseudo-polyps |
| E. | epithelioid granulomata |
| Answer» D. inflammatory pseudo-polyps | |
| 104. |
A 50-year old woman presents with back pain. X-rays suggest a malignant deposit in the 10th thoracic vertebra. The least likely primary site is |
| A. | breast |
| B. | ovary |
| C. | thyroid |
| D. | kidney |
| E. | colon |
| Answer» D. kidney | |
| 105. |
Regarding haemorrhagic infarction of the brain, which of the following is not true |
| A. | it usually results from an embolic event |
| B. | it usually contains multiple petechial haemorrhages which may be confluent |
| C. | the distinction between this and non haemorrhagic infarcts is clinically insignificant |
| D. | the haemorrhages are presumed to be secondary to reperfusion injury |
| E. | the size of it will depend in part upon the collateral blood supply to that area |
| Answer» C. the distinction between this and non haemorrhagic infarcts is clinically insignificant | |
| 106. |
The histological appearance of contraction brands in association with acute myocardial infarction indicate |
| A. | previous old myocardial infarctions |
| B. | early aneurysmal formation |
| C. | compensatory responses to decreased myocardial contractility |
| D. | a right ventricular infarct |
| E. | recent reperfusion therapy |
| Answer» E. recent reperfusion therapy | |
| 107. |
After occlusion of a coronary artery |
| A. | the ischaemia is most pronounced in the epicardial region |
| B. | loss of contractility only occurs when ultra structural changes in the myocyte are present |
| C. | reperfusion of the ischaemic area can result in new cellular damage, due to the generation of oxygen free radicals |
| D. | Q waves on the ECG are diagnostic of transmural infarction |
| E. | none of the above are true |
| Answer» C. reperfusion of the ischaemic area can result in new cellular damage, due to the generation of oxygen free radicals | |
| 108. |
With regard to aortic dissection, which is incorrect |
| A. | it tends to occur in 40-60 year old men |
| B. | approximately 90% of non-traumatic cases occur in patients with antecedent hypertension |
| C. | it is usually associated with marked dilatation of the aorta |
| D. | it is unusual in the presence of substantial atherosclerosis |
| E. | it is usually caused by an intimal tear within 10cm of the aortic valve |
| Answer» C. it is usually associated with marked dilatation of the aorta | |
| 109. |
The most common site of origin of emboli causing cerebrovascular disease is |
| A. | common carotid artery |
| B. | internal carotid artery |
| C. | the heart |
| D. | either end of basilar artery |
| E. | intracranial vessels |
| Answer» C. the heart | |
| 110. |
Which of the following is malignant |
| A. | Squamous cell papilloma |
| B. | Hydatidiform mole |
| C. | Chondroma |
| D. | Mature teratoma |
| E. | Bronchial carcinoid |
| Answer» E. Bronchial carcinoid | |
| 111. |
Anaplasia is not characterised by |
| A. | pleomorphism |
| B. | Abundant nuclear DNA |
| C. | A nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio of 1:6 |
| D. | Coarsely clumped chromatin |
| E. | Lack of differentiation |
| Answer» C. A nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio of 1:6 | |
| 112. |
All of the following are precancerous except |
| A. | Chronic gastritis of pernicious anaemia |
| B. | Solar keratosis |
| C. | Crohn’s disease |
| D. | Leukoplakia |
| E. | Chronic ulcerative colitis |
| Answer» C. Crohn’s disease | |
| 113. |
Prothrombogenic factors include all of the following except |
| A. | Platelet activating factor |
| B. | Von Willebrand factor |
| C. | Nitric oxide |
| D. | Tissue factor |
| E. | tPA inhibitor |
| Answer» C. Nitric oxide | |
| 114. |
In acute inflammation, all of the following are true except |
| A. | there is contraction of endothelial cells |
| B. | there is a mononuclear infiltrate |
| C. | there is induction of adhesion molecules on endothelium |
| D. | there is production of arachidonic acid metabolites |
| E. | cytokines induce a systemic acute phase response |
| Answer» B. there is a mononuclear infiltrate | |
| 115. |
Cellular events in acute inflammation include all of the following except |
| A. | redistribution of preformed adhesion molecules to the cell surface of leukocytes |
| B. | adhesion and transmigration of leukocytes to endothelium |
| C. | leukocyte activation |
| D. | margination of macrophages to vessel walls |
| E. | extracellular release of lysosomal enzymes and products of arachidonic acid metabolism |
| Answer» D. margination of macrophages to vessel walls | |
| 116. |
The factor conferring the most risk in thromboembolic disease is |
| A. | smoking |
| B. | atrial fibrillation |
| C. | oral contraceptives |
| D. | prolonged bed rest |
| E. | late pregnancy / post delivery |
| Answer» D. prolonged bed rest | |
| 117. |
Systemic lupus erythematosus |
| A. | has a female : male gender ratio of 2:1 |
| B. | is characterised by antinuclear antibodies (ANAs) |
| C. | rarely involves the kidney |
| D. | is associated with a seronegative arthropathy causing marked joint erosion |
| E. | is commonly fulminant with death in weeks to months |
| Answer» B. is characterised by antinuclear antibodies (ANAs) | |
| 118. |
The most common cause of Traveller’s diarrhoea is |
| A. | Rotavirus |
| B. | E.coli |
| C. | Shigella |
| D. | Salmonella |
| E. | Giardia |
| Answer» B. E.coli | |
| 119. |
Iron deficiency anaemia features |
| A. | a normal haematocrit |
| B. | increased serum ferritin |
| C. | normal mean red cell volume |
| D. | low platelet count |
| E. | none of the above |
| Answer» E. none of the above | |
| 120. |
Platelets |
| A. | have a normal concentration range in peripheral blood of 80-100 x 103/mm3 |
| B. | are important in haemostasis only |
| C. | remain viable in stored blood for 24 hours only |
| D. | normally are removed from the circulation almost entirely by the spleen |
| E. | have an average lifespan of average 20 days |
| Answer» C. remain viable in stored blood for 24 hours only | |
| 121. |
In compensated heart failure |
| A. | right atrial pressure drops |
| B. | maximum cardiac output is unchanged |
| C. | resting cardiac output is unchanged |
| D. | renin level eventually drops below premorbid level |
| E. | fluid retention plays no role |
| Answer» C. resting cardiac output is unchanged | |
| 122. |
Infective endocarditis |
| A. | in the acute form, is most commonly caused by streptococci |
| B. | involves abnormal valves in most acute cases |
| C. | is confirmed by positive blood cultures in less than 50% of cases |
| D. | may cause splenic infarction |
| E. | may cause MacCallum’s plaques to form on affected valves |
| Answer» D. may cause splenic infarction | |
| 123. |
Cor Pulmonale may be caused by |
| A. | congenital heart disease |
| B. | mitral stenosis |
| C. | left ventricular failure |
| D. | primary pulmonary hypertension |
| E. | aortic regurgitation |
| Answer» D. primary pulmonary hypertension | |
| 124. |
Regarding peptic ulceration |
| A. | it occurs most commonly in the antrum of the stomach |
| B. | it has a strong genetic influence |
| C. | there is H. pylori infection of the mucosa in 50% of patients with duodenal ulceration |
| D. | it is more frequent in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease |
| E. | gastric acid is the only prerequisite for formation of ulcers |
| Answer» D. it is more frequent in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | |
| 125. |
The features of bronchogenic carcinoma include |
| A. | the classification of “oat cell” tumour within the large cell type |
| B. | high initial response to chemotherapy for small cell type |
| C. | the strongest correlation with cigarette smoking in the adenocarcinoma type |
| D. | that 50% of small cell type occur in nonsmokers |
| E. | histological features identical in small cell carcinomas and squamous cell types |
| Answer» B. high initial response to chemotherapy for small cell type | |
| 126. |
The major abnormalities of immune function in AIDS are characterised by |
| A. | Inversion of the CD4-CD8 ratio |
| B. | Increase in the number of memory T cells |
| C. | Hypogammaglobulinaemia and decreased circulating immune complexes |
| D. | Decreased secretion of TNF and IL-1 |
| E. | All of the above |
| Answer» A. Inversion of the CD4-CD8 ratio | |
| 127. |
Regarding hypersensitivity reactions |
| A. | In anaphylaxis, IgE is bound to mast cells by their Fab portions to release vasoactive amines |
| B. | Goodpasture’s syndrome is an example of type III hypersensitivity reaction |
| C. | Farmer’s lung is a type III reaction to micropolyspora species |
| D. | Delayed hypersensitivity is mediated by macrophages |
| E. | The Mantoux reaction is a form of contact hypersensitivity |
| Answer» C. Farmer’s lung is a type III reaction to micropolyspora species | |
| 128. |
Acute appendicitis |
| A. | In preschool children, it usually presents with the so-called “classic” signs and symptoms |
| B. | It is associated with appendiceal obstruction in 10% of cases |
| C. | Histologically, it shows neutrophilic infiltration of the muscularis layer |
| D. | The clinical diagnosis is falsely positive in about 50% of cases |
| E. | It cannot cause liver abscesses |
| Answer» C. Histologically, it shows neutrophilic infiltration of the muscularis layer | |
| 129. |
Pneumocystis carinii |
| A. | Produces pneumocystis pneumonia in normal persons |
| B. | Causes a Ghon’s focus in the lung |
| C. | Causes patchy atelectasis |
| D. | Is a fungus |
| E. | Attaches selectively to Type II alveolar cells |
| Answer» D. Is a fungus | |
| 130. |
Regarding septic shock |
| A. | Endotoxin is the only cause |
| B. | Marked vasoconstriction occurs in the non-infected tissue |
| C. | Cardiac output is low in 75% of patients |
| D. | Endotoxin entering the circulation causes an effect very similar to anaphylaxis |
| E. | Blood viscosity is unchanged |
| Answer» D. Endotoxin entering the circulation causes an effect very similar to anaphylaxis | |
| 131. |
Acute pancreatitis |
| A. | Is associated with increased serum amylase concentration without elevation in serum lipase concentration |
| B. | Occurs most often in later life |
| C. | Occurs in about 5% of patients with gallstones |
| D. | When associated with alcohol is not usually preceded by chronic pancreatitis |
| E. | Is often associated with hypercalcaemia |
| Answer» C. Occurs in about 5% of patients with gallstones | |
| 132. |
The acute nephritic syndrome has all of the following features except |
| A. | Proteinuria |
| B. | Haematuria |
| C. | Hypertension |
| D. | Hyaline casts |
| E. | Oliguria |
| Answer» D. Hyaline casts | |
| 133. |
A young baby presents with jaundice, dark urine and pale stools. He is most likely to have |
| A. | Physiologic jaundice of the newborn |
| B. | Breast milk jaundice |
| C. | Gilbert’s syndrome |
| D. | Biliary atresia |
| E. | None of the above |
| Answer» D. Biliary atresia | |
| 134. |
With regard to the leukocyte extravasation of the acute inflammatory response, which of the following is incorrect |
| A. | ELAM-1 is a selectin found on endothelium |
| B. | E and P-selectins bind to oligosaccharides found on neutrophils and monocytes |
| C. | L-selectin is found on neutrophils, monocytes and lymphocytes |
| D. | ICAM-1 belongs to the immunoglobulin family of molecules, and is found on leukocytes |
| E. | VCAM-1 binds to integrins |
| Answer» D. ICAM-1 belongs to the immunoglobulin family of molecules, and is found on leukocytes | |
| 135. |
IgE mediated Type I hypersensitivity reactions require the action of which lymphocyte class |
| A. | B only |
| B. | CD8 T cells and B cells |
| C. | Tµ2 T cells and B cells |
| D. | Tµ1 T cells and B cells |
| E. | Natural Killer cells and B cells |
| Answer» C. Tµ2 T cells and B cells | |
| 136. |
Thrombus formation is inhibited by |
| A. | Von Willebrands factor |
| B. | IL-1 |
| C. | Alpha 2 macroglobulin |
| D. | TNF |
| E. | Endothelial cell injury |
| Answer» C. Alpha 2 macroglobulin | |
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