Chapter: Linear Data Structures - List
1.

Which of these best describes an array?

A. A data structure that shows a hierarchical behaviour
B. Container of objects of similar types
C. Arrays are immutable once initialised
D. Array is not a data structure
Answer» B. Container of objects of similar types
2.

How do you initialize an array in C?

A. int arr[3] = (1,2,3);
B. int arr(3) = {1,2,3};
C. int arr[3] = {1,2,3};
D. int arr(3) = (1,2,3);
Answer» C. int arr[3] = {1,2,3};
3.

How do you instantiate an array in Java?

A. int arr[] = new int(3);
B. int arr[];
C. int arr[] = new int[3];
D. int arr() = new int(3);
Answer» C. int arr[] = new int[3];
4.

Which of the following is a correct way to declare a multidimensional array in Java?

A. int[] arr;
B. int arr[[]];
C. int[][]arr;
D. int[[]] arr;
Answer» C. int[][]arr;
5.

When does the ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException occur?

A. Compile-time
B. Run-time
C. Not an error
D. Not an exception at all
Answer» B. Run-time
6.

Which of the following concepts make extensive use of arrays?

A. Binary trees
B. Scheduling of processes
C. Caching
D. Spatial locality
Answer» D. Spatial locality
7.

What are the advantages of arrays?

A. Objects of mixed data types can be stored
B. Elements in an array cannot be sorted
C. Index of first element of an array is 1
D. Easier to store elements of same data type
Answer» D. Easier to store elements of same data type
8.

What are the disadvantages of arrays?

A. Data structure like queue or stack cannot be implemented
B. There are chances of wastage of memory space if elements inserted in an array are lesser than the allocated size
C. Index value of an array can be negative
D. Elements are sequentially accessed
Answer» B. There are chances of wastage of memory space if elements inserted in an array are lesser than the allocated size
9.

Assuming int is of 4bytes, what is the size of int arr[15];?

A. 15
B. 19
C. 11
D. 60
Answer» D. 60
10.

In general, the index of the first element in an array is

A. 0
B. -1
C. 2
D. 1
Answer» A. 0
11.

Elements in an array are accessed

A. randomly
B. sequentially
C. exponentially
D. logarithmically
Answer» A. randomly
12.

Which of the following is not a disadvantage to the usage of array?

A. Fixed size
B. There are chances of wastage of memory space if elements inserted in an array are lesser than the allocated size
C. Insertion based on position
D. Accessing elements at specified positions
Answer» D. Accessing elements at specified positions
13.

What is the time complexity of inserting at the end in dynamic arrays?

A. O(1)
B. O(n)
C. O(logn)
D. Either O(1) or O(n)
Answer» D. Either O(1) or O(n)
14.

What is the time complexity to count the number of elements in the linked list?

A. O(1)
B. O(n)
C. O(logn)
D. O(n2)
Answer» B. O(n)
15.

What is the space complexity for deleting a linked list?

A. O(1)
B. O(n)
C. Either O(1) or O(n)
D. O(logn)
Answer» A. O(1)
16.

Which of these is not an application of linked list?

A. To implement file systems
B. For separate chaining in hash-tables
C. To implement non-binary trees
D. Random Access of elements
Answer» D. Random Access of elements
17.

Which of the following is false about a doubly linked list?

A. We can navigate in both the directions
B. It requires more space than a singly linked list
C. The insertion and deletion of a node take a bit longer
D. Implementing a doubly linked list is easier than singly linked list
Answer» D. Implementing a doubly linked list is easier than singly linked list
18.

What is the worst case time complexity of inserting a node in a doubly linked list?

A. O(nlogn)
B. O(logn)
C. O(n)
D. O(1)
Answer» C. O(n)
19.

What differentiates a circular linked list from a normal linked list?

A. You cannot have the ‘next’ pointer point to null in a circular linked list
B. It is faster to traverse the circular linked list
C. You may or may not have the ‘next’ pointer point to null in a circular linked list
D. Head node is known in circular linked list
Answer» C. You may or may not have the ‘next’ pointer point to null in a circular linked list
20.

What is the time complexity of searching for an element in a circular linked list?

A. O(n)
B. O(nlogn)
C. O(1)
D. O(n2)
Answer» A. O(n)
21.

Which of the following application makes use of a circular linked list?

A. Undo operation in a text editor
B. Recursive function calls
C. Allocating CPU to resources
D. Implement Hash Tables
Answer» C. Allocating CPU to resources
22.

Which of the following is false about a circular linked list?

A. Every node has a successor
B. Time complexity of inserting a new node at the head of the list is O(1)
C. Time complexity for deleting the last node is O(n)
D. We can traverse the whole circular linked list by starting from any point
Answer» B. Time complexity of inserting a new node at the head of the list is O(1)
23.

Consider a small circular linked list. How to detect the presence of cycles in this list effectively?

A. Keep one node as head and traverse another temp node till the end to check if its ‘next points to head
B. Have fast and slow pointers with the fast pointer advancing two nodes at a time and slow pointer advancing by one node at a time
C. Cannot determine, you have to pre-define if the list contains cycles
D. Circular linked list itself represents a cycle. So no new cycles cannot be generated
Answer» B. Have fast and slow pointers with the fast pointer advancing two nodes at a time and slow pointer advancing by one node at a time
24.

A linear collection of data elements where the linear node is given by means of pointer is called?

A. Linked list
B. Node list
C. Primitive list
D. Unordered list
Answer» A. Linked list
25.

In linked list each node contain minimum of two fields. One field is data field to store the data second field is?

A. Pointer to character
B. Pointer to integer
C. Pointer to node
D. Node
Answer» C. Pointer to node
26.

What would be the asymptotic time complexity to add a node at the end of singly linked list, if the pointer is initially pointing to the head of the list?

A. O(1)
B. O(n)
C. θ(n)
D. θ(1)
Answer» C. θ(n)
27.

What would be the asymptotic time complexity to insert an element at the front of the linked list (head is known)?

A. O(1)
B. O(n)
C. O(n2)
D. O(n3)
Answer» A. O(1)
28.

What would be the asymptotic time complexity to find an element in the linked list?

A. O(1)
B. O(n)
C. O(n2)
D. O(n4)
Answer» B. O(n)
29.

What would be the asymptotic time complexity to insert an element at the second position in the linked list?

A. O(1)
B. O(n)
C. O(n2)
D. O(n3)
Answer» A. O(1)
30.

The concatenation of two list can performed in O(1) time. Which of the following variation of linked list can be used?

A. Singly linked list
B. Doubly linked list
C. Circular doubly linked list
D. Array implementation of list
Answer» C. Circular doubly linked list
31.

Which of the following c code is used to create new node?

A. ptr = (NODE*)malloc(sizeof(NODE));
B. ptr = (NODE*)malloc(NODE);
C. ptr = (NODE*)malloc(sizeof(NODE*));
D. ptr = (NODE)malloc(sizeof(NODE));
Answer» A. ptr = (NODE*)malloc(sizeof(NODE));
Chapter: Linear Data Structures -Stacks and Queues
32.

Process of inserting an element in stack is called

A. Create
B. Push
C. Evaluation
D. Pop
Answer» B. Push
33.

Process of removing an element from stack is called

A. Create
B. Push
C. Evaluation
D. Pop
Answer» D. Pop
34.

In a stack, if a user tries to remove an element from empty stack it is called

A. Underflow
B. Empty collection
C. Overflow
D. Garbage Collection
Answer» A. Underflow
35.

Pushing an element into stack already having five elements and stack size of 5, then stack becomes

A. Overflow
B. Crash
C. Underflow
D. User flow
Answer» A. Overflow
36.

Entries in a stack are “ordered”. What is the meaning of this statement?

A. A collection of stacks is sortable
B. Stack entries may be compared with the ‘<‘ operation
C. The entries are stored in a linked list
D. There is a Sequential entry that is one by one
Answer» D. There is a Sequential entry that is one by one
37.

Which of the following is not the application of stack?

A. A parentheses balancing program
B. Tracking of local variables at run time
C. Compiler Syntax Analyzer
D. Data Transfer between two asynchronous process
Answer» D. Data Transfer between two asynchronous process
38.

Consider the usual algorithm for determining whether a sequence of parentheses is balanced. Suppose that you run the algorithm on a sequence that contains 2 left parentheses and 3 right parentheses (in some order). The maximum number of parentheses that appear on the stack AT ANY ONE TIME during the computation?

A. 1
B. 2
C. none
D. none
Answer» B. 2
39.

What is the value of the postfix expression 6 3 2 4 + – *?

A. 1
B. 40
C. 74
D. -18
Answer» D. -18
40.

The postfix form of the expression (A+ B)*(C*D- E)*F / G is?

A. AB+ CD*E – FG /**
B. AB + CD* E – F **G /
C. AB + CD* E – *F *G /
D. AB + CDE * – * F *G /
Answer» C. AB + CD* E – *F *G /
41.

The data structure required to check whether an expression contains balanced parenthesis is?

A. Stack
B. Queue
C. Array
D. Tree
Answer» A. Stack
42.

What data structure would you mostly likely see in a non recursive implementation of a recursive algorithm?

A. Linked List
B. Stack
C. Queue
D. Tree
Answer» B. Stack
43.

The process of accessing data stored in a serial access memory is similar to manipulating data on a

A. Heap
B. Binary Tree
C. Array
D. Stack
Answer» D. Stack
44.

The postfix form of A*B+C/D is?

A. *AB/CD+
B. AB*CD/+
C. A*BC+/D
D. ABCD+/*
Answer» B. AB*CD/+
45.

Which data structure is needed to convert infix notation to postfix notation?

A. Branch
B. Tree
C. Queue
D. Stack
Answer» D. Stack
46.

The prefix form of A-B/ (C * D ^ E) is?

A. -/*^ACBDE
B. -ABCD*^DE
C. -A/B*C^DE
D. -A/BC*^DE
Answer» C. -A/B*C^DE
47.

What is the result of the following operation? Top (Push (S, X))

A. X
B. X+S
C. S
D. none
Answer» A. X
48.

The prefix form of an infix expression (p + q) – (r * t) is?

A. + pq – *rt
B. – +pqr * t
C. – +pq * rt
D. – + * pqrt
Answer» C. – +pq * rt
49.

Which data structure is used for implementing recursion?

A. Queue
B. Stack
C. Array
D. List
Answer» B. Stack
50.

When an operand is read, which of the following is done?

A. It is placed on to the output
B. It is placed in operator stack
C. It is ignored
D. Operator stack is emptied
Answer» A. It is placed on to the output
51.

What should be done when a left parenthesis ‘(‘ is encountered?

A. It is ignored
B. It is placed in the output
C. It is placed in the operator stack
D. The contents of the operator stack is emptied
Answer» C. It is placed in the operator stack
52.

Which of the following is an infix expression?

A. (a+b)*(c+d)
B. ab+c*
C. +ab
D. abc+*
Answer» A. (a+b)*(c+d)
53.

What is the time complexity of an infix to postfix conversion algorithm?

A. O(N log N)
B. O(N)
C. O(N2)
D. O(M log N)
Answer» B. O(N)
54.

Which of the following statement is incorrect with respect to infix to postfix conversion algorithm?

A. operand is always placed in the output
B. operator is placed in the stack when the stack operator has lower precedence
C. parenthesis are included in the output
D. higher and equal priority operators follow the same condition
Answer» C. parenthesis are included in the output
55.

In infix to postfix conversion algorithm, the operators are associated from?

A. right to left
B. left to right
C. centre to left
D. centre to right
Answer» B. left to right
56.

A linear list of elements in which deletion can be done from one end (front) and insertion can take place only at the other end (rear) is known as a ?

A. Queue
B. Stack
C. Tree
D. Linked list
Answer» A. Queue
57.

The data structure required for Breadth First Traversal on a graph is?

A. Stack
B. Array
C. Queue
D. Tree
Answer» C. Queue
58.

A queue follows

A. FIFO (First In First Out) principle
B. LIFO (Last In First Out) principle
C. Ordered array
D. Linear tree
Answer» A. FIFO (First In First Out) principle
59.

Circular Queue is also known as

A. Ring Buffer
B. Square Buffer
C. Rectangle Buffer
D. Curve Buffer
Answer» A. Ring Buffer
60.

If the elements “A”, “B”, “C” and “D” are placed in a queue and are deleted one at a time, in what order will they be removed?

A. ABCD
B. DCBA
C. DCAB
D. ABDC
Answer» A. ABCD
61.

A data structure in which elements can be inserted or deleted at/from both the ends but not in the middle is?

A. Queue
B. Circular queue
C. Dequeue
D. Priority queue
Answer» C. Dequeue
62.

A normal queue, if implemented using an array of size MAX_SIZE, gets full when

A. Rear = MAX_SIZE – 1
B. Front = (rear + 1)mod MAX_SIZE
C. Front = rear + 1
D. Rear = front
Answer» A. Rear = MAX_SIZE – 1
63.

Queues serve major role in

A. Simulation of recursion
B. Simulation of arbitrary linked list
C. Simulation of limited resource allocation
D. Simulation of heap sort
Answer» C. Simulation of limited resource allocation
64.

Which of the following is not the type of queue?

A. Ordinary queue
B. Single ended queue
C. Circular queue
D. Priority queue
Answer» B. Single ended queue
65.

With what data structure can a priority queue be implemented?

A. Array
B. List
C. Heap
D. Tree
Answer» D. Tree
66.

Which of the following is not an application of priority queue?

A. Huffman codes
B. Interrupt handling in operating system
C. Undo operation in text editors
D. Bayesian spam filter
Answer» C. Undo operation in text editors
67.

What is the time complexity to insert a node based on key in a priority queue?

A. O(nlogn)
B. O(logn)
C. O(n)
D. O(n2)
Answer» C. O(n)
68.

What is not a disadvantage of priority scheduling in operating systems?

A. A low priority process might have to wait indefinitely for the CPU
B. If the system crashes, the low priority systems may be lost permanently
C. Interrupt handling
D. Indefinite blocking
Answer» C. Interrupt handling
69.

Which of the following is not an advantage of priority queue?

A. Easy to implement
B. Processes with different priority can be efficiently handled
C. Applications with differing requirements
D. Easy to delete elements in any case
Answer» D. Easy to delete elements in any case
70.

What is the time complexity to insert a node based on position in a priority queue?

A. O(nlogn)
B. O(logn)
C. O(n)
D. O(n2)
Answer» C. O(n)
71.

What is a dequeue?

A. A queue with insert/delete defined for both front and rear ends of the queue
B. A queue implemented with a doubly linked list
C. A queue implemented with both singly and doubly linked lists
D. A queue with insert/delete defined for front side of the queue
Answer» A. A queue with insert/delete defined for both front and rear ends of the queue
72.

What are the applications of dequeue?

A. A-Steal job scheduling algorithm
B. Can be used as both stack and queue
C. To find the maximum of all sub arrays of size k
D. To avoid collision in hash tables
Answer» D. To avoid collision in hash tables
73.

Which of the following properties is associated with a queue?

A. First In Last Out
B. First In First Out
C. Last In First Out
D. Last In Last Out
Answer» B. First In First Out
74.

In a circular queue, how do you increment the rear end of the queue?

A. rear++
B. (rear+1) % CAPACITY
C. (rear % CAPACITY)+1
D. rear–
Answer» B. (rear+1) % CAPACITY
75.

What is the term for inserting into a full queue known as?

A. overflow
B. underflow
C. null pointer exception
D. program won’t be compiled
Answer» A. overflow
76.

What is the time complexity of enqueue operation?

A. O(logn)
B. O(nlogn)
C. O(n)
D. O(1)
Answer» D. O(1)
77.

What is the need for a circular queue?

A. effective usage of memory
B. easier computations
C. to delete elements based on priority
D. implement LIFO principle in queues
Answer» A. effective usage of memory
78.

What is the space complexity of a linear queue having n elements?

A. O(n)
B. O(nlogn)
C. O(logn)
D. O(1)
Answer» A. O(n)
Chapter: Non Linear Data Structures - Trees
79.

What is the maximum number of children that a binary tree node can have?

A. 0
B. 1
C. 2
D. 3
Answer» C. 2
80.

The following given tree is an example for?

The following given tree is an example for?
A. Binary tree
B. Binary search tree
C. Fibonacci tree
D. none
Answer» A. Binary tree
81.

How many common operations are performed in a binary tree?

A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
Answer» C. 3
82.

What is the traversal strategy used in the binary tree?

A. depth-first traversal
B. breadth-first traversal
C. random traversal
D. Priority traversal
Answer» B. breadth-first traversal
83.

How many types of insertion are performed in a binary tree?

A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
Answer» B. 2
84.

What operation does the following diagram depict?

What operation does the following diagram depict?
A. inserting a leaf node
B. inserting an internal node
C. deleting a node with 0 or 1 child
D. none
Answer» C. deleting a node with 0 or 1 child
85.

How many bits would a succinct binary tree occupy?

A. n+O(n)
B. 2n+O(n)
C. n/2
D. n
Answer» B. 2n+O(n)
86.

The average depth of a binary tree is given as?

A. O(N)
B. O(√N)
C. O(N2)
D. O(log N)
Answer» D. O(log N)
87.

How many orders of traversal are applicable to a binary tree (In General)? 3

A. 1
B. 4
C. 2
D. 3
Answer» D. 3
88.

If binary trees are represented in arrays, what formula can be used to locate a left child, if the node has an index i?

A. 2i+1
B. 2i+2
C. 2i
D. 4i
Answer» A. 2i+1
89.

Using what formula can a parent node be located in an array?

A. (i+1)/2
B. (i-1)/2
C. i/2
D. 2i/2
Answer» B. (i-1)/2
90.

Which of the following properties are obeyed by all three tree – traversals?

A. Left subtrees are visited before right subtrees
B. Right subtrees are visited before left subtrees
C. Root node is visited before left subtree
D. Root node is visited before right subtree
Answer» A. Left subtrees are visited before right subtrees
91.

For the tree below, write the pre-order traversal.

A. 2, 7, 2, 6, 5, 11, 5, 9, 4
B. 2, 7, 5, 2, 6, 9, 5, 11, 4
C. 2, 5, 11, 6, 7, 4, 9, 5, 2
D. none
Answer» A. 2, 7, 2, 6, 5, 11, 5, 9, 4
92.

For the tree below, write the post-order traversal.

A. 2, 7, 2, 6, 5, 11, 5, 9, 4
B. 2, 7, 5, 2, 6, 9, 5, 11, 4
C. 2, 5, 11, 6, 7, 4, 9, 5, 2
D. none
Answer» C. 2, 5, 11, 6, 7, 4, 9, 5, 2
93.

What is the time complexity of pre-order traversal in the iterative fashion?

A. O(1)
B. O(n)
C. O(logn)
D. O(nlogn)
Answer» B. O(n)
94.

What is the space complexity of the post-order traversal in the recursive fashion? (d is the tree depth and n is the number of nodes)

A. O(1)
B. O(nlogd)
C. O(logd)
D. O(d)
Answer» D. O(d)
95.

To obtain a prefix expression, which of the tree traversals is used?

A. Level-order traversal
B. Pre-order traversal
C. Post-order traversal
D. In-order traversal
Answer» B. Pre-order traversal
96.

Consider the following data. The pre order traversal of a binary tree is A, B, E, C, D. The in order traversal of the same binary tree is B, E, A, D, C. The level order sequence for the binary tree is

A. A, C, D, B, E
B. A, B, C, D, E
C. A, B, C, E, D
D. D, B, E, A, C
Answer» B. A, B, C, D, E
97.

What is the possible number of binary trees that can be created with 3 nodes, giving the sequence N, M, L when traversed in post-order.

A. 15
B. 3
C. 5
D. 8
Answer» C. 5
98.

The post-order traversal of a binary tree is O P Q R S T. Then possible pre-order traversal will be

A. T Q R S O P
B. T O Q R P S
C. T Q O P S R
D. T Q O S P R
Answer» C. T Q O P S R
99.

A binary search tree contains values 7, 8, 13, 26, 35, 40, 70, 75. Which one of the following is a valid post-order sequence of the tree provided the pre-order sequence as 35, 13, 7, 8, 26, 70, 40 and 75?

A. 7, 8, 26, 13, 75, 40, 70, 35
B. 26, 13, 7, 8, 70, 75, 40, 35
C. 7, 8, 13, 26, 35, 40, 70, 75
D. 8, 7, 26, 13, 40, 75, 70, 35
Answer» D. 8, 7, 26, 13, 40, 75, 70, 35
100.

Which of the following pair’s traversals on a binary tree can build the tree uniquely?

A. post-order and pre-order
B. post-order and in-order
C. post-order and level order
D. level order and preorder
Answer» B. post-order and in-order
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