McqMate
These multiple-choice questions (MCQs) are designed to enhance your knowledge and understanding in the following areas: Biomedical Engineering .
Chapters
| 151. |
What is necessary for providing a common reference for measurement? |
| A. | active electrode |
| B. | ground electrode |
| C. | tape recorder |
| D. | oscilloscope |
| Answer» B. ground electrode | |
| Explanation: A ground electrode is necessary for providing a common reference for measurement. These electrodes pick up the potentials produced by the contracting muscle fibres. The signal can then be amplified and displayed on the screen of a cathode ray tube. It is also applied to an audio amplifier connected to a loudspeaker. | |
| 152. |
Which of the following interpreter can diagnose various muscular disorders by listening to the sounds produced when the muscle potentials are fed to loudspeaker? |
| A. | EEG |
| B. | ECG |
| C. | VCG |
| D. | EMG |
| Answer» D. EMG | |
| Explanation: A trained EMG interpreter can diagnose various muscular disorders by listening to the sounds produced when the muscle potentials are fed to the loudspeaker. | |
| 153. |
What is the diameter of silver electrodes in the amplifier circuit of Johnson et al? |
| A. | 2 mm |
| B. | 4 mm |
| C. | 6 mm |
| D. | 10 mm |
| Answer» C. 6 mm | |
| Explanation: Johnson et al (1977) designed a miniature amplifier circuit fully encapsulated in epoxy resin with two small silver electrodes of 6 mm diameter, exposed flush with the base of the module. The electrode is attached to the skin using adhesive tape. | |
| 154. |
What should be CMRR of preamplifier upto 5 Khz? |
| A. | 10 dB |
| B. | 30 dB |
| C. | 90 dB |
| D. | greater than 90 dB |
| Answer» D. greater than 90 dB | |
| Explanation: The common-mode rejection should be greater than 90 dB up to 5 kHz. A calibrating square wave signal of 100 mV (peak-to-peak) at a frequency of 100 Hz is usually available. The main amplifier has controls for gain adjustment from 5 mV/div to 10 mV/div for selecting the sensitivity most appropriate to the incoming signal from the patient. | |
| 155. |
Modern EMG machines are PC based. |
| A. | True |
| B. | False |
| Answer» A. True | |
| Explanation: Modern EMG machines are PC based available both in the console as well as laptop models as they provide full colour waveform display, automatic cursors for marking and making measurements and a keyboard for access to convenient and important test controls. The system usually incorporates facilities for recording of the EMG and evoked potentials. | |
| 156. |
EMG instrument is useful for making study of |
| A. | cardiovascular function |
| B. | neuromuscular function |
| C. | nervous function |
| D. | Immune function |
| Answer» B. neuromuscular function | |
| Explanation: The instrument is useful for making a study of several aspects of neuromuscular function, neuromuscular condition, extent of nerve lesion, reflex responses, etc. | |
| 157. |
Which of the following instrument is used for making a study of reflex responses? |
| A. | EEG |
| B. | ECG |
| C. | VCG |
| D. | EMG |
| Answer» D. EMG | |
| Explanation: The instrument is useful for making a study of several aspects of neuromuscular function, neuromuscular condition, the extent of nerve lesion, reflex responses, etc. | |
| 158. |
Blood pressure measurement can be classified in major way(s). |
| A. | 2 |
| B. | 5 |
| C. | 7 |
| D. | 10d |
| Answer» A. 2 | |
| Explanation: Blood pressure can be measured in non invasive and invasive methods. Non invasive is when the method of measuring is completely outside the body, i.e. with the help of light or pressure detectors. Invasive is when some tube or measuring device is inserted into the body. | |
| 159. |
The regular BP cuff is a non – invasive method of measuring blood pressure. |
| A. | True |
| B. | False |
| Answer» A. True | |
| Explanation: BP cuff is a non invasive method of measuring blood pressure. The measuring is done by checking the pressure being applied to the mercury column due to the inflated cuff. When the cuff is inflated, it is in close contact with the arteries. Thus, the flowing blood in the arteries puts pressure on the inflated cuff which is recorded and represented by the mercury column. | |
| 160. |
How is the oxygen content monitored in blood? |
| A. | By Korotkoff Sounds |
| B. | By Pulse Oximetry |
| C. | By Fluorescence |
| D. | By luminescence |
| Answer» B. By Pulse Oximetry | |
| Explanation: Pulse Oximetry is used to measure the oxygen saturation of the blood. In this process, light a light and a detector is used. It is normally in a band or a clip with the light source and the detector at the opposite ends. The light is projected at the finger and it is detected on the nail side. The light has an absorbance ratio which determines the amount of oxygen that is present in the blood. | |
| 161. |
What principle does pulse oximetry follow? |
| A. | Law of Absorbance |
| B. | Law of Reflection |
| C. | Beer – Lambert Law |
| D. | Law of Irradiance |
| Answer» C. Beer – Lambert Law | |
| Explanation: Beer-Lambert relates the emerging light with the concentration of the solution and the thickness of vial/object containing the solution. When light is incident on the solution, some of the light is absorbed. This absorption depends on the concentration of the solution and the distance the light travels before it emerges. This light is measured on the outgoing end and it gives a measure of how much oxygen exists in the blood. | |
| 162. |
The normal BP cuff using instrument is called as |
| A. | Spirometer |
| B. | Sphygmomanometer |
| C. | Stethoscope |
| D. | Oscilloscope |
| Answer» B. Sphygmomanometer | |
| Explanation: The most commonly seen and used BP measuring instrument is the sphygmomanometer. It consists of a cuff, a bulb for inflation and a mercury column to show the pressure. When the cuff is inflated, the pressure exerted on the cuff is shown on the mercury scale. The mercury rises up and once external pumping of the air stops, the mercury falls down. It stops two times and this is the recorded blood pressure. | |
| 163. |
Which instrument is used to listen to the Korotkoff sounds? |
| A. | Stethoscope |
| B. | Pneumotachometer |
| C. | Piezoelectric Microphone |
| D. | Sphygmomanometer |
| Answer» C. Piezoelectric Microphone | |
| Explanation: Korotkoff sounds are heard while BP is measured using a cuff. The microphone is placed on the brachial artery, near the inner side of the elbow (antecubital fossa). The cuff is inflated to a [reset pressure level, around up to 30mmHg/s. The pressure is then released at around 3 – 5 mmHg/s. When the air is leaking out, Korotkoff sounds are heard. When the first Korotkoff sound (systolic) is heard, the system starts recording and when the last Korotkoff sound (diastolic) is heard, the system stops recording. The cuff gets completely deflated with 2 – | |
| 164. |
For infants, the pulse oximetry band is attached to their |
| A. | arm |
| B. | leg |
| C. | palm |
| D. | foot |
| Answer» D. foot | |
| Explanation: The infant’s fingers and ears are too small and too delicate to attach the pulse oximeter band or the pulse oximeter clip. For infants, the blood vessels of the foot are more prominent and they give a better reception as compared to the rest of the body. Also, the infant may also move their arms/ legs so the band is attached to their foot. This way, the band won’t slip off, nor will it impede any tubes or even the diaper changing process. | |
| 165. |
Which of the following devices/ methods do not use a cuff? |
| A. | Rheographic Method |
| B. | Automatic Blood Pressure Measuring using Korotkoff method |
| C. | Oscillometric Measurement Method |
| D. | Continuous Slow Flow Flushing Method |
| Answer» D. Continuous Slow Flow Flushing Method | |
| Explanation: Continuous Slow Flow Flushing Method is used to measure the Central Venous Pressure (CVP) and is an invasive or a direct method to measure blood pressure. CVP reflects the pressure of the right atrium. A needle is inserted in the arm to monitor and record the blood pressure. | |
| 166. |
Which type of transducer is commonly used for invasive blood pressure measurement? |
| A. | Capacitive |
| B. | Rheostatic |
| C. | Piezoelectric |
| D. | Potentiometric |
| Answer» C. Piezoelectric | |
| Explanation: A Piezoelectric transducer converts the applied mechanical pressure into electrical pressure. Thus, the exerted blood pressure is converted into electrical impulses by the piezoelectric crystals which are amplified and recorded by the systems. | |
| 167. |
Which of the following uses ultrasound to check the blood flow? |
| A. | Doppler Shift Method |
| B. | Catheter Tip Method |
| C. | Differential Auscultatory Technique |
| D. | Oscillometric Method |
| Answer» A. Doppler Shift Method | |
| Explanation: The Doppler method is used to check the flowing blood. The ultrasound waves are projected to the blood flowing in the vessels causing Doppler effect. The returning sound waves are received and projected as images onto the screen. | |
| 168. |
In the differential auscultatory technique, where is the pressure sensor located? |
| A. | In the middle of the cuff |
| B. | In the upper portion of the cuff |
| C. | In the lower portion of the cuff |
| D. | Outside the cuff |
| Answer» C. In the lower portion of the cuff | |
| Explanation: In the differential auscultatory method of pressure sensing, two sensors together make the pressure sensor. One sensor is in contact with the skin while the other is in contact with the cuff. The pressure exerted by the skin due to the atrial blood flow is picked up by the sensor that is close to the skin while the pressure exerted by the cuff measured by the sensor that is close to the cuff. These sensors together give the blood pressure. Since the length of the cuff exerts pressure on the blood vessels, placing the sensor at the end of the length of the cuff ensures that the pressure is measured properly. | |
| 169. |
Which of the following statement is correct? |
| A. | 130/90 mm Hg is considered high and require treatment |
| B. | 100/55 mm Hg is considered an ideal blood pressure |
| C. | 105/50 mm Hg makes one active |
| D. | 190/110 mm Hg may harm vital organs |
| Answer» D. 190/110 mm Hg may harm vital organs | |
| Explanation: The high blood pressure may harm vital organs of the body. It is the condition in which the force of blood against the artery valve is very high. | |
| 170. |
Blood pressure is the pressure exerted by blood against |
| A. | kidneys |
| B. | artery walls |
| C. | brain |
| D. | stomach |
| Answer» B. artery walls | |
| Explanation: Blood pressure exerted by circulating blood on the walls of blood vessels. | |
| 171. |
Blood pressure is measured in terms of |
| A. | mm Hg |
| B. | mm |
| C. | cm Hg |
| D. | Hg |
| Answer» A. mm Hg | |
| Explanation: Blood pressure values are generally measured in terms of millimeters of mercury. It | |
| 172. |
A person can suffer from both low blood pressure and high blood pressure. |
| A. | True |
| B. | False |
| Answer» A. True | |
| Explanation: Low blood pressure is when the systolic and diastolic blood pressure is below for the age of the person. High BP is when blood pressure is high than 120/80 mm Hg. | |
| 173. |
A normal heart rate in an adult at rest is |
| A. | 110 |
| B. | 125 |
| C. | 60 |
| D. | 75 |
| Answer» D. 75 | |
| Explanation: A normal resting heart rate for an adult ranges from 70-85 beats a minute. Generally, a lower heart rate at rest implies more efficient heart function and better cardiovascular fitness. | |
| 174. |
Unhealthy growth of tissue due to higher pressures on the walls of the artery is termed as |
| A. | atheroma |
| B. | aroma |
| C. | adenoma |
| D. | aroma and adenoma |
| Answer» A. atheroma | |
| Explanation: Atheroma is the growth of tissues due to higher pressure on walls of artery. High pressures increases heart work load. | |
| 175. |
Any mechanism that increases heart rate is said to have a positive effect. |
| A. | cholinergic |
| B. | inotropic |
| C. | chronotrophic |
| D. | feedback |
| Answer» C. chronotrophic | |
| Explanation: Chronotrophic are those that change the heart rate. It changes the heart rate by affecting the electrical conduction system of the heart. | |
| 176. |
The colloid osmotic pressure of blood plasma is due to high concentration of |
| A. | albumin |
| B. | hemoglobin |
| C. | sodium |
| D. | glucose |
| Answer» A. albumin | |
| Explanation: Albumin is a family of globular protein. The most important function is maintaining intra vascular colloid osmotic pressure. | |
| 177. |
The sinoatrial node depolarizes more frequently under the influence of |
| A. | medulla oblongata |
| B. | vagus nerve |
| C. | norepinephrine |
| D. | acetylcholine |
| Answer» C. norepinephrine | |
| Explanation: Norepinephrine is similar to adrenaline. It is used to treat life threatening low BP that can occur with certain medical conditions. | |
| 178. |
is the enzyme that converts Angiotensinogen to Angiotensin I. |
| A. | Rennin |
| B. | ACE |
| C. | ANP |
| D. | ADH |
| Answer» A. Rennin | |
| Explanation: Angiotensin is a peptide hormone that causes an increase in blood pressure. Angiotensin I is produced by the action of rennin, which is formed in the liver. | |
| 179. |
The plasma is a viscous, light red liquid, i.e. almost clear in the fasting stage. |
| A. | True |
| B. | False |
| Answer» B. False | |
| Explanation: False, because the plasma is obtained by centrifuging a blood sample. During centrifugation, the heavy blood cells get packed at the bottom of the centrifuge tube and the plasma can thus be separated. The plasma is a viscous, light yellow liquid, i.e. almost clear in the fasting stage. | |
| 180. |
method is based on the absorption of electromagnetic radiation in the visible, ultraviolet and infrared ranges. |
| A. | Cardiotocography |
| B. | Ultrasonic therapy |
| C. | Spectrophotometry |
| D. | Diathermy |
| Answer» C. Spectrophotometry | |
| Explanation: Spectrophotometry is the most important of all the instrumental methods of analysis in clinical chemistry. This method is based on the absorption of electromagnetic radiation in the visible, ultraviolet and infrared ranges. | |
| 181. |
waves have short wave-length. |
| A. | Microwave |
| B. | Radio wave |
| C. | Gamma rays |
| D. | IR waves |
| Answer» C. Gamma rays | |
| Explanation: Electromagnetic spectrum ranges from very short wavelengths (including gamma and X-rays) to very long wavelengths (including microwaves and broadcast radio waves). The range of wavelength of gamma rays and X-rays is 10-4 to 10 nm. The range of wavelengths of microwaves and radio-waves is 106 to 109 nm. | |
| 182. |
The method based on the absorption of radiation of a substance is known as |
| A. | Absorption photometry |
| B. | Spectrophotometry |
| C. | Absorption tocometry |
| D. | Absorption spectrophotoscopy |
| Answer» D. Absorption spectrophotoscopy | |
| Explanation: Electronic transitions correspond to the ultraviolet and visible regions, vibrational transitions to the near infrared and infrared regions and rotational transitions to the infrared and far-infrared regions. The method based on the absorption of radiation of a substance is known as Absorption Spectroscopy. | |
| 183. |
The ratio of the radiant power transmitted by a sample to the radiant power incident on the sample is known as |
| A. | Absorbance |
| B. | Transmittance |
| C. | Optical density |
| D. | Photometric concentration |
| Answer» B. Transmittance | |
| Explanation: Let us suppose, Po is the incident radiant energy and P is the energy which is transmitted. The ratio of the radiant power transmitted by a sample to the radiant power incident on the sample is known as the transmittance. | |
| 184. |
If absorbance is plotted graphically against concentration, the graph is |
| A. | Parabola |
| B. | Increasing |
| C. | Straight line |
| D. | Decreasing |
| Answer» C. Straight line | |
| Explanation: If absorbance is plotted graphically against concentration, a straight line is obtained. A graph derived from the transmittance data will not be a straight line unless transmittance (or percent transmission) is plotted on the log axis of a semi-log paper. | |
| 185. |
is not a source of radiant energy. |
| A. | Tungsten-mercury lamp |
| B. | Tungsten lamp |
| C. | Xenon-mercury arc |
| D. | Deuterium discharge lamp |
| Answer» A. Tungsten-mercury lamp | |
| Explanation: Radiant just means energy that can move from one place to another without a medium to carry it. A source of radiant energy, which may be a tungsten lamp, a xenon-mercury arc, hydrogen or deuterium discharge lamp, etc. | |
| 186. |
Which of the following statements is false about single beam absorption instruments? |
| A. | Tungsten bulb is used as a source |
| B. | Beam splitter is used to get parallel beam |
| C. | Test tube is used as sample holder |
| D. | Photovoltaic cell as detector |
| Answer» B. Beam splitter is used to get parallel beam | |
| Explanation: Single beam instruments make use of one beam. Therefore, beam splitters are not required in single beam instruments. | |
| 187. |
Which of the following statement is false about double beam absorption instruments? |
| A. | It is similar to single beam instruments except two beams are present |
| B. | Tungsten bulb is used as a source |
| C. | Reference beam must have a higher intensity than sample beam |
| D. | Both the beams after they pass through respective samples are compared |
| Answer» C. Reference beam must have a higher intensity than sample beam | |
| Explanation: Reference beam cannot have a higher intensity than sample beam. The beam is split | |
| 188. |
Which of the following is not an application of colorimeter? |
| A. | Paints |
| B. | Inks |
| C. | Cosmetics |
| D. | Composition detection |
| Answer» D. Composition detection | |
| Explanation: Colorimeter is not used to determine composition. Its application is paints, dyes, inks, cosmetics and plastics. | |
| 189. |
In photometers, the readings of the specimen are initially obtained in the form of which of the following parameters? |
| A. | Transmittance |
| B. | Absorption |
| C. | Wavelengths |
| D. | Volume |
| Answer» A. Transmittance | |
| Explanation: In photometers, the reading is initially obtained in the form of transmittance as some radiation is absorbed by the sample and the rest of the beam is transmitted. This transmitted beam is measured by the detector. | |
| 190. |
Colorimeters are used in applications where great accuracy is required. |
| A. | True |
| B. | False |
| Answer» B. False | |
| Explanation: Colorimeters are used in applications where great accuracy is not required. They | |
| 191. |
In the diagram of single beam photometer given below, identify the component that is not marked. |
| A. | Monochromator |
| B. | Absorption filter |
| C. | Sample holder |
| D. | Interference filter |
| Answer» C. Sample holder | |
| Explanation: In single beam spectrophotometer, the beam passed through the sample which is held in the sample holder. The transmitted beam is measured by the detector. | |
| 192. |
Colorimeters are used to determine the concentration of solutions. |
| A. | True |
| B. | False |
| Answer» A. True | |
| Explanation: Colorimetry is the science of colour measurement. It is used to determine the concentrations of solutions. | |
| 193. |
Which of the following is the purpose of balance indicator in double beam photometer or colorimeter? |
| A. | Selects a particular wavelength |
| B. | Splits the wavelength selected into two equal beams |
| C. | Detects and indicates the amount of light falling on it |
| D. | Indicates the difference between the output of two photometers |
| Answer» D. Indicates the difference between the output of two photometers | |
| Explanation: It compares the output of the two photometers obtained using two beams. It indicates the output. | |
| 194. |
Which of the following is the purpose of the beam splitter in double beam photometer or colorimeter? |
| A. | Splits beam into two equal intensity beams |
| B. | Splits beam in such a way that sample beam has higher intensity |
| C. | Splits beam in such a way that a reference beam has higher intensity |
| D. | Merge two equal intensity beams into single beam |
| Answer» A. Splits beam into two equal intensity beams | |
| Explanation: Beam splitter splits beam into two equal intensity beams. One beam passes through | |
| 195. |
Which of the following is a source used in spectroscopy? |
| A. | LASER |
| B. | Tube light |
| C. | Sodium vapour lamp |
| D. | Tungsten lamp |
| Answer» D. Tungsten lamp | |
| Explanation: Tungsten lamp is the source used in spectroscopy. It is the source used in UV, Visible spectroscopy. | |
| 196. |
Which of the following indicate leakages in a condenser? |
| A. | The concentration of sodium in steam and condensate are very high |
| B. | The concentration of sodium in steam and condensate are very low |
| C. | The concentration of sodium in steam and condensate are equal |
| D. | The concentration of sodium in steam and condensate are not equal |
| Answer» D. The concentration of sodium in steam and condensate are not equal | |
| Explanation: If the concentration of sodium in steam and condensate are not equal, it means that leakage is present in the condenser. If the values are equal, then it means that no leakage is present. | |
| 197. |
Which of the following are added for pH adjustment in sodium analyser? |
| A. | Acidic solution |
| B. | Basic solution |
| C. | Hydrazine |
| D. | Ammonia buffer |
| Answer» D. Ammonia buffer | |
| Explanation: Ammonia buffer is added for pH adjustment in sodium analyser. This is added to the reference and sample solutions. | |
| 198. |
Normally, electrodes measure which of the following parameters? |
| A. | Activity |
| B. | Activity co-efficient |
| C. | Blank constant |
| D. | Ionic co-efficient |
| Answer» A. Activity | |
| Explanation: Normally, electrodes measure activity of the ion. It is a measure of free ions in the solution. | |
| 199. |
Which of the following represent the concentration of a solution? |
| A. | Only free ions |
| B. | Only bound ions |
| C. | Free ions and bound ions |
| D. | Either free ions or bound ions |
| Answer» C. Free ions and bound ions | |
| Explanation: Concentration refers to the sum of free ions and bound ions. Activity refers only to free ions. | |
| 200. |
Sodium selective electrode provides a good response in measurement when the pH is above which of the following values? |
| A. | 2 |
| B. | 3 |
| C. | 5 |
| D. | 10 |
| Answer» D. 10 | |
| Explanation: Sodium selective electrode provides a good response in measurement when the pH of the solution is above 10. Hence, the buffer solution is used. | |
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