McqMate
These multiple-choice questions (MCQs) are designed to enhance your knowledge and understanding in the following areas: Mechanical Engineering .
Chapters
| 1. |
Most commercial ultrasonic testing is performed at frequencies between: |
| A. | 1 MHz and 10 MHz |
| B. | 1 MHz and 100 MHz |
| C. | 10 MHz and 50 MHz |
| D. | 1 MHz and 25 MHz |
| Answer» D. 1 MHz and 25 MHz | |
| 2. |
For a transducer with any given Q, resolution increases with: |
| A. | Sensitivity |
| B. | Frequency |
| C. | Wavelength |
| D. | Crystal thickness |
| Answer» B. Frequency | |
| 3. |
Resolving power of a transducer is directly proportional to its: |
| A. | Wavelength |
| B. | Crystal thickness |
| C. | Bandwidth |
| D. | Q |
| Answer» C. Bandwidth | |
| 4. |
The term is used to refer to the product of wave velocity and density is: |
| A. | Acoustic impedance |
| B. | The velocity-density ratio |
| C. | Index of refraction |
| D. | Reflection co-efficient |
| Answer» A. Acoustic impedance | |
| 5. |
Snell's law is given by which of the following: |
| A. | (Sin A)/(Sin B) = VB/VA |
| B. | (Sin A)/(Sin B) = VA/VB |
| C. | (Sin A)/ VB = V(Sin B)/VA |
| D. | (Sin A)[VA] = (Sin B)[ VB] |
| Answer» B. (Sin A)/(Sin B) = VA/VB | |
| 6. |
Snell's law is used to calculate: |
| A. | Angle of beam divergence |
| B. | Angle of diffraction |
| C. | Angle of refraction |
| D. | None of the above |
| Answer» C. Angle of refraction | |
| 7. |
Calculate the refracted shear wave angle in steel [VS = 0.323cm/microsec] for an incident longitudinal wave of 37.9 degrees in Plexiglas [VL = 0.267cm/microsec] |
| A. | 26 degrees |
| B. | 45 degrees |
| C. | 48 degrees |
| D. | 64 degrees |
| Answer» B. 45 degrees | |
| 8. |
Calculate the refracted shear wave angle in steel [VS = 0.323cm/microsec] for an incident longitudinal wave of 45.7 degrees in Plexiglas [VL = 0.267cm/microsec] |
| A. | 64 degrees |
| B. | 45.7 degrees |
| C. | 60 degrees |
| D. | 70 degrees |
| Answer» C. 60 degrees | |
| 9. |
Calculate the refracted shear wave angle in aluminium [VS = 0.31cm/microsec] for an incident longitudinal wave of 43.5 degrees in Plexiglas [VL =0.267cm/microsec] |
| A. | 53 degrees |
| B. | 61 degrees |
| C. | 42 degrees |
| D. | 68 degrees |
| Answer» A. 53 degrees | |
| 10. |
Calculate the refracted shear wave angle in aluminium [VS = 0.31cm/microsec] for an incident longitudinal wave of 53 degrees in Plexiglas [VL = 0.267cm/microsec] |
| A. | 53 degrees |
| B. | 61 degrees |
| C. | 42 degrees |
| D. | 68 degrees |
| Answer» D. 68 degrees | |
| 11. |
Lithium sulphate, barium titanate and lead metaniobate are examples of: |
| A. | Magnetostrictive elements |
| B. | Piezoelectric elements |
| C. | Rochelle salts |
| D. | Y cut crystals |
| Answer» B. Piezoelectric elements | |
| 12. |
The particle motion for compression waves is: |
| A. | Parallel to wave propagation |
| B. | Transverse to wave propagation |
| C. | Elliptical |
| D. | Circular |
| Answer» A. Parallel to wave propagation | |
| 13. |
Shear waves for ultrasonic testing are usually produced: |
| A. | X cut crystals |
| B. | Y cut crystals |
| C. | Modulated R-F conversion |
| D. | Mode converted longitudinal waves |
| Answer» B. Y cut crystals | |
| 14. |
Near surface resolution can be improved by: |
| A. | Using a narrow band transducer |
| B. | Using a focused transducer |
| C. | Using a high Q transducer |
| D. | None of the above |
| Answer» B. Using a focused transducer | |
| 15. |
The most important requirement for paintbrush transducer is: |
| A. | Uniform beam intensity across the transducer |
| B. | A pinpoint focal spot |
| C. | Good horizontal linearity characteristics |
| D. | Prescribed vertical and horizontal linearity characteristics |
| Answer» A. Uniform beam intensity across the transducer | |
| 16. |
Which of the following is an advantage of a focused transducer? |
| A. | Extended useful range |
| B. | Reduced sensitivity in localised area |
| C. | Improved signal to noise ratio over an extended range |
| D. | Higher resolution over a limited range |
| Answer» D. Higher resolution over a limited range | |
| 17. |
Which of the following is intended to be a ‘first cut’ or rough inspection device to be followed by more precise evaluation of any discontinuities found? |
| A. | Wheel transducer |
| B. | Focused transducer |
| C. | Paintbrush transducer |
| D. | Ball transducer |
| Answer» C. Paintbrush transducer | |
| 18. |
A wider entry surface indication or pulse may result from: |
| A. | Side lobes of the sound beam being reflected from a rough surface |
| B. | Using a lower energy pulser |
| C. | Using a higher amplifier attenuation setting |
| D. | Huygen's principle |
| Answer» A. Side lobes of the sound beam being reflected from a rough surface | |
| 19. |
Which of the following methods might be used to reduce attenuation losses in an ultrasonic test? |
| A. | Use a shorter wavelength |
| B. | Use a lower frequency transducer |
| C. | Change from longitudinal waves to shear waves |
| D. | Change to a coarser grained test piece |
| Answer» B. Use a lower frequency transducer | |
| 20. |
When comparing discontinuity echoes to equivalent flat bottom hole echoes in materials with similar impedance, surface finish and attenuation: |
| A. | The flaw is never larger than the flat bottom hole |
| B. | The flaw is never smaller than the flat bottom hole |
| C. | The flaw is always smaller than the flat bottom hole |
| D. | None of the above |
| Answer» D. None of the above | |
| 21. |
An advantage of immersion testing is that: |
| A. | Large parts are easily inspected |
| B. | Most test systems are easily transported in the field |
| C. | High test frequencies may be used |
| D. | Most test systems are not easily transported in the field |
| Answer» C. High test frequencies may be used | |
| 22. |
An advantage of immersion testing is that: |
| A. | Large parts may be easily inspected |
| B. | Most test systems are easily transported in the field |
| C. | Low test frequencies may be used |
| D. | Irregularly shaped test pieces can be virtually completely examined |
| Answer» D. Irregularly shaped test pieces can be virtually completely examined | |
| 23. |
An ultrasonic data display which shows a plan view presentation of the data is called: |
| A. | A scan |
| B. | B scan |
| C. | C scan |
| D. | Orthogonal view |
| Answer» C. C scan | |
| 24. |
An ultrasonic display which shows a cross section of the test piece and any flaws which are found are called: |
| A. | A scan |
| B. | B scan |
| C. | C scan |
| D. | Orthogonal view |
| Answer» B. B scan | |
| 25. |
An ultrasonic display which shows echo locations and amplitude is called: |
| A. | A scan |
| B. | B scan |
| C. | C scan |
| D. | Orthogonal view |
| Answer» A. A scan | |
| 26. |
An advantage of using lower frequencies during ultrasonic testing is that: |
| A. | Near surface resolution is improved |
| B. | Sensitivity to small discontinuities is improved |
| C. | Beam spread is reduced |
| D. | Sensitivity to unfavourable oriented flaws is improved |
| Answer» D. Sensitivity to unfavourable oriented flaws is improved | |
| 27. |
A method of compensating for the ‘dead zone’ or near surface resolution problems is to: |
| A. | Inspect all areas of the test piece twice to assure repeatability of indications |
| B. | Re-inspect from the opposite side of the test piece if geometry permits |
| C. | Re-inspect using a higher energy pulse |
| D. | Re-inspect using a higher frequency transducer that does not have a ‘dead |
| Answer» B. Re-inspect from the opposite side of the test piece if geometry permits | |
| 28. |
When testing a test piece with parallel front and back surfaces, no back wall echo can be obtained. Which of the following actions might enable you to obtain a back wall echo? |
| A. | Use a wetter transducer |
| B. | Use a lower frequency transducer |
| C. | Use a transducer with a narrower bandwidth |
| D. | Use a higher frequency transducer |
| Answer» B. Use a lower frequency transducer | |
| 29. |
Materials which can readily be inspected with frequencies of 1 to 5 MHz are: |
| A. | Steel, cast iron and concrete |
| B. | Titanium, wood and aluminium |
| C. | Magnesium, titanium and steel |
| D. | All of the above |
| Answer» C. Magnesium, titanium and steel | |
| 30. |
When variations are noticed in the front surface reflection, the test piece should be inspected for possible near surface discontinuities by: |
| A. | Using a lower frequency transducer |
| B. | Using a higher pulse energy |
| C. | Inspecting from the opposite side |
| D. | Calibrating on a smaller diameter flat bottom hole |
| Answer» C. Inspecting from the opposite side | |
| 31. |
Forging bursts are most often orientated: |
| A. | Parallel to the surface |
| B. | Perpendicular to the surface |
| C. | In a random manner |
| D. | At an angle of 45 degrees to the surface |
| Answer» C. In a random manner | |
| 32. |
The purpose of adding a wetting agent to an immersion bath is: |
| A. | To make sure the bath is wet |
| B. | To reduce corrosive properties of the bath |
| C. | To eliminate air bubbles in the bath |
| D. | To prevent rust |
| Answer» C. To eliminate air bubbles in the bath | |
| 33. |
During immersion testing of pipe or tubing the incident longitudinal wave angle must be limited to a narrow range. The reason for the upper limit is: |
| A. | To avoid complete reflection of ultrasound from the test piece |
| B. | To prevent formation of Rayleigh waves |
| C. | To prevent formation of shear waves |
| D. | To avoid saturating the test piece with ultrasound |
| Answer» A. To avoid complete reflection of ultrasound from the test piece | |
| 34. |
A calibration for immersion ultrasonic testing of pipe or tubing should establish a transducer position such as: |
| A. | I.D. and O.D. notches produce equal responses for equivalent metal path distances |
| B. | Rayleigh waves are generated through the entire pipe or tubing wall |
| C. | All ultrasound enters the test piece |
| D. | Only longitudinal waves are generated in the test piece |
| Answer» C. All ultrasound enters the test piece | |
| 35. |
During immersion ultrasonic testing of pipe or tubing, spurious echoes may be caused by: |
| A. | Dirt on the test piece |
| B. | Grease on the test piece |
| C. | Air bubbles on the test piece |
| D. | All of the above |
| Answer» D. All of the above | |
| 36. |
Typical frequencies which might be used to perform ultrasonic testing of concrete are: |
| A. | 25 to 100 kHz |
| B. | 200 to 5 MHz |
| C. | 1 MHz to 5 MHz |
| D. | 2.25 MHz to 10 MHz |
| Answer» A. 25 to 100 kHz | |
| 37. |
Typical frequencies which might be used to perform ultrasonic testing of ferrous and non-ferrous welds are: |
| A. | 25 to 100 kHz |
| B. | 200 to 5 MHz |
| C. | 1 MHz to 5 MHz |
| D. | 2.25 MHz to 10 MHz |
| Answer» C. 1 MHz to 5 MHz | |
| 38. |
Which of the following materials would probably require testing at the lowest frequency? |
| A. | Small grained mild steel |
| B. | Mild steel castings |
| C. | Mild steel forgings |
| D. | Cast iron |
| Answer» D. Cast iron | |
| 39. |
Which of the following is an advantage of contact testing over immersion? |
| A. | Ability to maintain uniform coupling on rough surface |
| B. | Longer dead time near the front surface of the test piece |
| C. | Ease of field use |
| D. | Ability to continuously vary incident wave angle during test |
| Answer» C. Ease of field use | |
| 40. |
Which of the following is a disadvantage of contact testing? |
| A. | Ability to maintain uniform coupling on rough surface |
| B. | Ease of field use |
| C. | Greater penetrating power than immersion testing |
| D. | Less penetrating power than immersion testing |
| Answer» A. Ability to maintain uniform coupling on rough surface | |
| 41. |
A typical application for a through transmission technique is: |
| A. | Flaw depth sizing |
| B. | Flaw depth location |
| C. | Thickness gauging |
| D. | Bond/unbond testing |
| Answer» D. Bond/unbond testing | |
| 42. |
An ultrasonic technique in which two transducers are used, in a constant position relative to each other, is: |
| A. | Through transmission |
| B. | Contact testing |
| C. | Pulse echo |
| D. | Continuous wave |
| Answer» A. Through transmission | |
| 43. |
Which of the following cast materials could most likely be successfully ultrasonically tested? |
| A. | Low carbon steel |
| B. | Stainless steel |
| C. | Iron |
| D. | Pure lead |
| Answer» A. Low carbon steel | |
| 44. |
Which of the following product forms would probably be tested at the lowest frequency? |
| A. | Forgings |
| B. | Hot rolled plate |
| C. | Castings |
| D. | Extrusions |
| Answer» C. Castings | |
| 45. |
Addition of approximately 6% antimony as an alloying element could be expected to increase the ultrasonic inspectability of which of the following materials? |
| A. | Low carbon steel |
| B. | Stainless steel |
| C. | Iron |
| D. | Pure lead |
| Answer» D. Pure lead | |
| 46. |
Strong signals which travel across the horizontal time base of an A scan presentation while the transducer is motionless on the test piece are probably: |
| A. | Randomly oriented flaws |
| B. | Electrical interference |
| C. | Grain noise |
| D. | Loose wedge on transducer |
| Answer» B. Electrical interference | |
| 47. |
Excessive ringing of the transducer could be caused by: |
| A. | Electrical interference |
| B. | Loose crystal |
| C. | Test piece with large grain size |
| D. | Test piece with small grain size |
| Answer» B. Loose crystal | |
| 48. |
When inspecting a long bar with a longitudinal wave from one end, a series of additional echoes are seen immediately after the bottom surface reflection. these are most likely: |
| A. | Refracted shear and longitudinal waves caused by beam spread |
| B. | Flaw indications |
| C. | Multiples of the back surface reflection |
| D. | None of the above |
| Answer» D. None of the above | |
| 49. |
One of the most apparent characteristics of a discontinuity echo, as opposed to a nonrelevant indication is: |
| A. | Lack of repeatability |
| B. | Sharp, distinct signal |
| C. | Stable position with fixed transducer position |
| D. | High noise level |
| Answer» B. Sharp, distinct signal | |
| 50. |
Typical immersion test frequencies for wrought aluminium are: |
| A. | 10 MHz and up |
| B. | 5 MHz and below |
| C. | 500 MHz to 1 MHz |
| D. | Above 25 MHz |
| Answer» A. 10 MHz and up | |
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