Which of the following types of intensifying screens are not used in industrial
radiography?
A.
Lead
B.
Fluorescent
C.
Silver halide
D.
All of the above
Answer»
C. Silver halide
2.
Betatrons are used to produce X rays in what range?
A.
Several MeV
B.
50-500 keV
C.
500-1000keV
D.
0-50 keV
Answer»
A. Several MeV
3.
Which of the following is an isotope not artificially produced for industrial use:
A.
Ir-192
B.
Ra-226
C.
Co-60
D.
All of the above
Answer»
B. Ra-226
4.
One half value layer of lead for Iridium-192 is approximately:
A.
12 mm
B.
4 mm
C.
2 mm
D.
25 mm
Answer»
B. 4 mm
5.
One half value layer of lead for Cobalt-60 is approximately:
A.
12 mm
B.
6 mm
C.
2 mm
D.
25 mm
Answer»
A. 12 mm
6.
The film processing step in which the undeveloped silver bromide is removed from
the film emulsion is called:
A.
Development
B.
Stop bath
C.
Fixing
D.
Rinsing
Answer»
A. Development
7.
A radiation producing device which emits radiation of one or a few discreet
wavelengths is:
A.
An X ray machine
B.
A linear accelerator
C.
A gamma ray source
D.
A betatron
Answer»
C. A gamma ray source
8.
The intensifying action of lead screens is caused by:
A.
Secondary X ray emission
B.
Secondary gamma ray emissions
C.
Fluorescence of lead screens
D.
Electron emission
Answer»
D. Electron emission
9.
Most of the energy applied to an X ray tube is converted into:
A.
X rays
B.
Light
C.
Heat
D.
Ultraviolet radiation
Answer»
C. Heat
10.
Radiography of tubular sections using a double wall, double viewing technique is
mainly applicable to sections:
A.
Over 38 mm in diameter
B.
88 mm in diameter or less
C.
125 mm in diameter and less
D.
Under 25 mm in diameter
Answer»
B. 88 mm in diameter or less
11.
Which of the following is the most common method of packaging film?
A.
Individual sheets for use in cassettes
B.
Rolls
C.
Pre-packaged (‘day-pack’)
D.
All of the above
Answer»
D. All of the above
12.
Which of the following types of radiation is particulate?
A.
X
B.
Gamma
C.
Alpha
D.
None of the above
Answer»
C. Alpha
13.
Most scattered radiation which adversely affects the radiographic image quality
originates:
A.
From floors and walls adjacent to the test piece
B.
From other nearby objects
C.
From the test piece itself
D.
From the lead intensifying screens
Answer»
A. From floors and walls adjacent to the test piece
14.
An effect of scattered radiation is to:
A.
Decrease required exposure time
B.
Diminish contrast, detail and clarity of radiographic image
C.
Decrease film density
D.
All of the above
Answer»
B. Diminish contrast, detail and clarity of radiographic image
15.
What is the most important factor in determining the archival quality of radiographic
film?
A.
Film density
B.
Image quality
C.
Degree of removal of fixer residues during washing
D.
Degree of removal of developer residues during washing
Answer»
C. Degree of removal of fixer residues during washing
16.
Radiographic enlargement to distinguish small defects is possible:
A.
Only with a very small source or focal spot size radiation source
B.
Routinely
C.
With most sources
D.
Never
Answer»
A. Only with a very small source or focal spot size radiation source
17.
A detrimental effect of fluorescent screens might be:
A.
High definition
B.
Screen mottle
C.
Non-linear attenuation
D.
Displaced core effect
Answer»
B. Screen mottle
18.
The penetrating power of an X ray machine is indicated by:
A.
Milliamperage
B.
Tube voltage
C.
Filament current
D.
Anode current
Answer»
B. Tube voltage
19.
Reticulation may be the result of:
A.
Inadequate agitation of the film during development
B.
Inadequate water rinse during processing
C.
Using exhausted stop bath solution
D.
Developing solutions not maintained at the same temperatures.
Answer»
D. Developing solutions not maintained at the same temperatures.
20.
The main advantage of having small focal spot on an X ray tube is:
A.
Heat is conducted away more efficiently than with a large focal spot
B.
A smaller focal spot is unlikely to be damaged from the required tube currents
C.
Longer tube life
D.
A smaller focal spot allows sharper radiographic images than does a larger
Answer»
D. A smaller focal spot allows sharper radiographic images than does a larger
21.
Cobalt-60 is produced by:
A.
Fission of Uranium-235
B.
Neutron capture by Cobalt-59
C.
Radioactive decay
D.
None of the above
Answer»
B. Neutron capture by Cobalt-59
22.
For a particular isotope, gamma radiation intensity is determined by:
A.
Type of isotope used
B.
Energy level of gamma rays in source
C.
Source strength in curies
D.
None of the above
Answer»
C. Source strength in curies
23.
Which of the following statements should be true to achieve the highest level of
radiographic sharpness (definition)?
A.
The focal spot should be as small as practicable
B.
The focal spot to test piece distance should be as large as practicable
C.
The film to test piece distance should be as small as practicable
D.
All of the above
Answer»
D. All of the above
24.
Thicker materials would normally be inspected using:
A.
Lower kV X rays
B.
Higher mA X rays
C.
Higher kV X rays
D.
Lower mA X rays
Answer»
C. Higher kV X rays
25.
Another name for a penetrameter is:
A.
Radiographic shim
B.
Image quality indicator
C.
Density standard
D.
Acceptance standard
Answer»
B. Image quality indicator
26.
The silver nitrate spot test can be used to:
A.
Check the film for film quality
B.
Check for under developed films
C.
Check for film artifacts
D.
All the above answers are correct
Answer»
A. Check the film for film quality
27.
The difference in densities seen on a radiograph due to section changes in an item is:
A.
Film contrast
B.
Radiographic contrast
C.
Subject contrast
D.
Radiographic sensitivity
Answer»
C. Subject contrast
28.
Which type of film would exhibit the coarsest grain?
A.
Slow
B.
Medium
C.
Fast
D.
No difference in the grain sizes
Answer»
C. Fast
29.
An advantage of a gamma ray source is:
A.
Radiation may be turned on or off at will
B.
Outside power is normally not required
C.
Less shielding is required than for X ray
D.
All of the above
Answer»
B. Outside power is normally not required
30.
Higher X ray tube voltages result in:
A.
Shorter wavelengths X rays
B.
Less penetrating X rays
C.
Fewer X rays in the primary beam
D.
All of the above
Answer»
A. Shorter wavelengths X rays
31.
A casting flaw which is formed when two masses of molten metal flowing from
different directions flow together, but fail to fuse, is called:
A.
A hot tear
B.
Shrinkage
C.
A cold crack
D.
A cold shut
Answer»
D. A cold shut
32.
X rays are produced by:
A.
Radioactive isotopes
B.
The rapid deceleration of electrons
C.
Ultraviolet radiation of unstable atoms
D.
All of the above
Answer»
B. The rapid deceleration of electrons
33.
Which of the following is a function of lead screens?
A.
To reduce geometric unsharpness
B.
To increase scatter
C.
To reduce exposure time
D.
All of the above
Answer»
C. To reduce exposure time
34.
A silver nitrate spot test might be used to:
A.
Check for archival film quality
B.
Check for out of date film
C.
Check for single versus double emulsion film
D.
Any of the above
Answer»
A. Check for archival film quality
35.
A linear accelerator is used to produce X rays having energy in the range of:
A.
Several MeV
B.
50-500 keV
C.
500-1000keV
D.
0-50 keV
Answer»
A. Several MeV
36.
How is the wavelength of scattered radiation compared to the primary beam?
A.
Longer than the wavelength of the primary beam
B.
Shorter than the wavelength of the primary beam
C.
Same as the wavelength of the primary beam
D.
Not related
Answer»
A. Longer than the wavelength of the primary beam
37.
Which of the following viewing conditions is most desirable for interpreting radiographic film?
A.
Brightness of surroundings approximately the same as the area of interest on the radiograph
B.
Totally dark viewing room
C.
Well lit viewing room
D.
None of the above
Answer»
A. Brightness of surroundings approximately the same as the area of interest on the radiograph
38.
Pinhole radiography would be used to:
A.
Make high quality radiographs for critical inspection
B.
Determine focal spot size
C.
Construct exposure charts
D.
None of the above
Answer»
B. Determine focal spot size
39.
A straight, dark line in the centre of the film of a weld cap would probably be:
A.
Porosity
B.
Undercut
C.
Tungsten inclusions
D.
A linear crack
Answer»
D. A linear crack
40.
Which one of the following steps is necessary to dissolve the undarkened silver salt
crystals in the film emulsion:
A.
Developing
B.
Fixing
C.
Washing
D.
None of the above
Answer»
B. Fixing
41.
Approximately what energy X ray machine would be required to have penetrating
power equivalent to a Cobalt-60 source:
A.
600 keV
B.
1.2 MeV
C.
2 MeV
D.
None of the above
Answer»
B. 1.2 MeV
42.
The normal range of steel that is radiographed using Ir-192 is:
A.
5 mm–20 mm
B.
25 mm – 75 mm
C.
0.5 mm – 5 mm
D.
75 mm – 150 mm
Answer»
B. 25 mm – 75 mm
43.
The focal spot size of an X ray machine must be known in order to determine:
A.
The geometric unsharpness
B.
Kilovoltage peak output
C.
Required mA setting
D.
Exposure time
Answer»
A. The geometric unsharpness
44.
X ray intensity is a function of :
A.
Cathode current
B.
Step down ratio of the filament transformer
C.
The distance from the test piece
D.
Size of the anode (target)
Answer»
A. Cathode current
45.
What is the minimum age in years at which a person may perform radiography :
A.
15
B.
18
C.
21
D.
30
Answer»
B. 18
46.
A densitometer is an instrument that measures:
A.
Radiographic contrast
B.
Radiographic sensitivity
C.
Radiographic density
D.
Radiographic resolution
Answer»
C. Radiographic density
47.
Which of the following is the correct formula to use for calculating geometric unsharpness if F=source size, T=specimen thickness, D=source to object distance and Ug=geometric unsharpness:
A.
Ug = FD/T
B.
Ug = DT/F
C.
Ug = FT/D
D.
Ug = FTD
Answer»
C. Ug = FT/D
48.
A wetting agent is used in film processing to:
A.
More closely control development
B.
Prevent formation of water marks during the drying stage
C.
Reduce formation of air bubbles in the developer solution
D.
Reduce formation of air bubbles in the fixer
Answer»
B. Prevent formation of water marks during the drying stage
49.
Film intensifying screens are normally used to:
A.
Decrease exposure time
B.
Increase grain size
C.
Shield film from stray light
D.
All of the above
Answer»
A. Decrease exposure time
50.
A radiation producing device which emits a broad spectrum of wavelengths is:
A.
A gamma ray source
B.
An X ray machine
C.
A Geiger-Müeller tube
D.
A curie tube
Answer»
B. An X ray machine
51.
Which of the following represent types of radiation stemming from radioactive decay :
A.
Alpha, beta, gamma
B.
Alpha, gamma, delta
C.
X, rho, sigma
D.
Sigma, gamma, beta
Answer»
A. Alpha, beta, gamma
52.
Explain the difference between X and gamma rays:
A.
They are both types of electromagnetic radiation
B.
X rays are naturally occurring; gamma rays are man made
C.
X rays are produced electrically; gamma rays are emitted by disintegrating atomic nuclei
D.
There is no difference
Answer»
C. X rays are produced electrically; gamma rays are emitted by disintegrating atomic nuclei
53.
Most industrial X ray machines contain targets made of:
A.
Beryllium
B.
Magnesium
C.
Lead
D.
Tungsten
Answer»
D. Tungsten
54.
The effects of scattered radiation may be lessened by:
A.
Using a lead mask around the test piece
B.
Using a lead or copper filter between the X ray tube and the test piece
C.
Using lead screens
D.
All of the above
Answer»
D. All of the above
55.
A reaction which occurs when a radiation beam of 500 keV is partially absorbed by a
test piece would probably be:
A.
The Compton effect
B.
The photoelectric effect
C.
Pair production
D.
Any of the above
Answer»
A. The Compton effect
56.
The term used to describe the reaction of human cells, other than reproductive cells, to
ionizing radiation is:
A.
Genetic effects
B.
Somatic effects
C.
Corpuscular effects
D.
Hematological effects
Answer»
B. Somatic effects
57.
A low density image of the letter ‘B’ on a radiographic film would probably be caused
by:
A.
Under exposure
B.
Excessive exposure
C.
Excessive backscatter
D.
Insufficient backscatter
Answer»
C. Excessive backscatter
58.
A term which refers to the sharpness of the radiographic image is:
A.
Sensitivity
B.
Halo effect
C.
Shadow effect
D.
Definition
Answer»
D. Definition
59.
A dark, irregular indication which is located adjacent to the toe of the weld would
probably be:
A.
Undercut
B.
Incomplete penetration
C.
Porosity
D.
Tungsten inclusions
Answer»
A. Undercut
60.
A term which refers to the smallest detail visible in a radiograph is called:
A.
Radiographic sensitivity
B.
Radiographic contrast
C.
Subject contrast
D.
Film contrast
Answer»
A. Radiographic sensitivity
61.
Which type of gamma ray source would be used to radiograph a weld in 150 mm thick
steel plate?
A.
Ir-192
B.
Co-60
C.
Tm-170
D.
Cs-137
Answer»
B. Co-60
62.
Generally, X ray output is changed by changing the:
A.
Atomic number of the anode
B.
Tube current of the unit
C.
Supply voltage to the unit
D.
Atomic weight of the cathode
Answer»
B. Tube current of the unit
63.
Deep scratches on lead intensifying screens will cause?
A.
Selective image enhancement
B.
Irregular light lines on the film
C.
Dark lines on the film
D.
Unacceptable blockage of the primary radiation beam
Answer»
B. Irregular light lines on the film
64.
Which of the following is classified as electromagnetic radiation?
A.
Visible light
B.
X rays
C.
Infrared radiation
D.
All of the above
Answer»
D. All of the above
65.
The main disadvantage of having a small focal spot on an X ray tube is:
A.
Heat is conducted away too fast
B.
Sharper radiographic images may be achieved with a larger focal spot
C.
A smaller focal spot is limited to lower tube currents because of the potential damage from overheating
D.
None of the above
Answer»
C. A smaller focal spot is limited to lower tube currents because of the potential damage from overheating
66.
Exposure of whole body to moderate radiation doses of 500 – 2000 mSv (50 to
200 rem) would probably cause which of the following effects?
A.
Blood cell changes
B.
Swelling
C.
Possible nausea
D.
All of the above
Answer»
D. All of the above
67.
A reaction which occurs when a radiation beam of 90 keV is totally absorbed by a test
piece would probably be:
A.
The Compton effect
B.
The photoelectric effect
C.
Pair production
D.
Any of the above
Answer»
B. The photoelectric effect
68.
The term used to describe the reaction of human reproductive cells, to ionizing
radiation is:
A.
Genetic effects
B.
Somatic effects
C.
Corpuscular effects
D.
Hematological effects
Answer»
A. Genetic effects
69.
How is the wavelength of scattered radiation related to the primary beam?
A.
Longer
B.
Shorter
C.
Same
D.
Not related
Answer»
A. Longer
70.
Higher X ray tube voltages result in:
A.
Shorter wavelengths X rays
B.
More penetrating X rays
C.
Higher intensity X ray beam
D.
All of the above
Answer»
D. All of the above
71.
Betatrons are used to produce X rays having energy in the range of:
A.
Several MeV
B.
50-500 keV
C.
500-1000keV
D.
0-50 keV
Answer»
A. Several MeV
72.
A linear accelerator is used to produce X rays in what range?
A.
Several MeV
B.
50-500 keV
C.
500-1000keV
D.
0-50 keV
Answer»
A. Several MeV
73.
For a particular isotope, gamma radiation intensity is determined by:
A.
Type isotope used
B.
Energy level of gamma rays in source
C.
Source strength in curies
D.
None of the above
Answer»
C. Source strength in curies
74.
A term used to describe the range of radiation intensities falling on the film during
exposure is:
A.
Film contrast
B.
Radiographic contrast
C.
Subject contrast
D.
Radiographic sensitivity
Answer»
B. Radiographic contrast
75.
An expression which is used to describe the slope of a film characteristic curve is:
A.
Film latitude
B.
Film contrast
C.
Film sensitivity
D.
Film gradient
Answer»
D. Film gradient
76.
Which of the following factors affect film graininess?
A.
Wavelengths of radiation
B.
Film processing conditions
C.
Film speed
D.
All of the above
Answer»
D. All of the above
77.
The amount of radioactivity which corresponds to 3.7 × 1010 disintegrations per second
is called:
A.
0.01 gray (1 rad)
B.
1 Farad
C.
37 GBq (1 curie)
D.
10 mSv (1 roentgen)
Answer»
C. 37 GBq (1 curie)
78.
The result of filtering the X rays is to produce:
A.
More geometric unsharpness
B.
Less geometric unsharpness
C.
Softer radiation
D.
Harder radiation
Answer»
D. Harder radiation
79.
Which of the following actions is performed by lead screens?
A.
Absorbs a portion of the primary radiation beam
B.
Preferentially absorbs soft X rays
C.
Emits electrons under gamma and X ray fields
D.
All of the above
Answer»
D. All of the above
80.
The total radiation dose received equals:
A.
The radiation intensity
B.
The source size in curies
C.
Radiation intensity times time of exposure
D.
Radiation intensity divided by the square of the distance from the source
Answer»
C. Radiation intensity times time of exposure
81.
Which of the following is the most common type of X ray tube?
A.
Bipolar
B.
Unipolar
C.
Long anode
D.
None of the above
Answer»
A. Bipolar
82.
A reaction which occurs when a radiation beam of 15 MeV is partially absorbed by a
test piece would probably be:
A.
The Compton effect
B.
The photoelectric effect
C.
Pair production
D.
Any of the above
Answer»
C. Pair production
83.
A reaction which occurs when a radiation beam of 50 keV is partially absorbed by a test
piece would probably be:
A.
The Compton effect
B.
The photoelectric effect
C.
Pair production
D.
Any of the above
Answer»
B. The photoelectric effect
84.
A lethal dose of complete body radiation is normally considered to be:
A.
1-2 Sv (100-200 rem)
B.
250-500 mSv (25-50 rem)
C.
6-8 Sv (600-800 rem)
D.
500 mSv (50000 mrem)
Answer»
C. 6-8 Sv (600-800 rem)
85.
Almost all gamma radiography today is done with artificially activated:
A.
Particles
B.
Isotopes
C.
Radium
D.
X ray machines
Answer»
B. Isotopes
86.
A Curie (37 gigabecquerel)of radioactive material will disintegrate at the rate of:
A.
37 million (3.7 × 107) disintegrations per second
B.
37 billion (3.7 × 1010) disintegrations per second
C.
37 trillion (3.7 × 1013) disintegrations per second
D.
None of the above
Answer»
B. 37 billion (3.7 × 1010) disintegrations per second
87.
The specific activity of radioactive isotopes is measured in:
A.
MeV (million electron volts)
B.
R/h (roentgens per hour) or gray per hour
C.
Ci/g (curies per gram) or Becquerel per gram
D.
Counts per minute (c/min)
Answer»
C. Ci/g (curies per gram) or Becquerel per gram
88.
What is the primary difference between X rays and gamma rays of the same energy?
A.
Wavelength
B.
Frequency
C.
Velocity
D.
Origin
Answer»
D. Origin
89.
Screens should be:
A.
Separated from the film by a sheet of clean white paper
B.
Separated from the film by at least 3.125 mm
C.
In direct contact with the film
D.
Separated from the film by its cardboard backing
Answer»
C. In direct contact with the film
90.
Lead foil in direct contact with the film in a cassette absorbs:
A.
All radiation to protect the film from exposure
B.
Light rays that might otherwise expose the film
C.
Long wave length radiation more than short wavelength
D.
Short wavelength radiation more than long wavelength
Answer»
C. Long wave length radiation more than short wavelength
91.
Lead screens improve mainly the of the final radiograph:
A.
Density
B.
Contrast
C.
Exposure
D.
Definition
Answer»
B. Contrast
92.
Lead foil is placed behind the films to:
A.
Absorb as much side scatter as possible
B.
Reduce non image forming back-scatter
C.
Reduce the quality of image-forming primary rays
D.
Limit the amount of light striking the film.
Answer»
B. Reduce non image forming back-scatter
93.
A filter will reduce the amount of in the primary radiation beam:
A.
Scatter
B.
Electrons
C.
High energy radiation
D.
Low energy radiation
Answer»
D. Low energy radiation
94.
A filter is placed:
A.
Between the source and the specimen
B.
Between the specimen and the film
C.
Around the specimen
D.
Behind the film
Answer»
A. Between the source and the specimen
95.
The tube current in milliamps multiplied by the time in seconds or minutes equals:
A.
Density
B.
Intensity
C.
Exposure
D.
Kilovoltage
Answer»
C. Exposure
96.
If we were to maintain the same exposure but decrease the source to film distance, we must the time of exposure:
A.
Increase
B.
Decrease
C.
none
D.
none
Answer»
B. Decrease
97.
Lead screens act as intensifiers at voltage above:
A.
1000 kV
B.
150 kV
C.
325 kV
D.
2000 kV`
Answer»
B. 150 kV
98.
Use of a slower speed film improves the definition of the radiograph because the
slower film:
A.
Requires more exposure
B.
Is more sensitive to X rays
C.
Requires less voltage
D.
Has finer grains
Answer»
D. Has finer grains
99.
The penetrameter is a tool used to check the of a radiograph:
A.
Contrast
B.
Definition
C.
Sensitivity
D.
Emulsion
Answer»
C. Sensitivity
100.
When using a radioactive isotope in making a radiograph, we can express the equation
for exposure as Ci × T. In this equation , Ci stands for:
