Radiation-induced cell death in carcinomas typically occurs immediately after attempting to traverse which phase of the cell cycle?

Related MCQs

• Which of the following cell cycle phase transitions is most affected when the TP53 gene is lost or mutated?
• After total proctocolectomy with ileal pouch anal anastomoses what is the most common cause of death in patients with Familial Adenomatous Polyposis (FAP)
• Which of the following cell cycle phases is most radiosensitive?
• A 29-year-old man was diagnosed with stage II (that is, spread from the primary tumor to retroperitoneal lymph nodes) nonseminomatous germ cell tumor 1 year ago. Treatment included orchiectomy and retroperitoneal lymph node dissection. He now presents with an elevated level of β-human chorionic gonadotropin hormone and multiple pulmonary lesions ranging in size from 0.61 to 3.22 cm. Needle biopsy specimen of the largest lesion reveals a germ cell tumor consistent with the initial diagnosis. He is asymptomatic. What is the best treatment for this patient?
• A 30-year-old man presented with a swelling in the testis and an ultrasound scan confirmed the presence of a malignant mass. Following orchidectomy, he was found to have a 40-mm seminomatous germ cell tumour without non-seminomatous components. There was evidence of vascular invasion within the testis.Investigations: serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) 1250 U/L (10–250) serum α-fetoprotein normal serum β-human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) 700 U/L (<5) A CT scan of body showed retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy of up to 7 cm in size, a 3- cm mediastinal lymph node and over 30 pulmonary metastases. There were no signs of liver, brain or bone metastases. What is the most appropriate International Germ Cell Cancer Collaborative Group classification?
• Which of the following factors is NOT typically associated with improved overall survival for patients who present with unknown primary tumors of the head and neck region?
• A 58-year-old woman with a 60-pack-year smoking history is evaluated because of hemoptysis and weight loss. Chest radiograph and CT scan show a right perihilar mass with mediastinal adenopathy. The results of CT scans of the abdomen, bone scan, and MRI of the head are otherwise negative. Examination of a specimen by bronchoscopic biopsy confirms small-cell lung cancer, and the findings suggest limited-stage disease. After the patient completes mediastinal radiation therapy and four cycles of cisplatin and etoposide, repeat CT scans indicate that her disease is in complete remission. What is the best recommendation concerning further therapy?
• For previous patients, after the appropriate evaluation, the patient undergoes surgery. No intraoperative evidence of metastases is identified. Postoperatively, the pathology report reveals that the tumor is an adenocarcinoma invading into the pericolonic fat, with 2 involved lymph nodes. After the patient recovers from surgery, which of the following is the most appropriate next step in his management?
• Which of the following cancer screening tests has been shown in randomized trials to decrease the risk of death from the target cancer?
• Hodgkin lymphoma most commonly occurs during which decade of life?