Which of the following factors increases a patient's risk for the development of leukemia?

Related MCQs

• Which of the following studies compared surgery alone versus surgery plus external-beam pelvic irradiation in patients with early-stage endometrial cancer and required all patients to undergo surgical staging with pelvic lymphadenectomy?
• A 58-year-old postmenopausal woman has been taking hormone replacement therapy with combined estrogen and progestin for the past 4 years because she was told it would decrease her risk for heart disease. Her father died at age 65 years of heart disease, and she is concerned that she is also at risk. Recently, her sister has been diagnosed with breast cancer. Her mother died of breast cancer. Three years ago, the patient had a breast biopsy that showed atypical hyperplasia. She has not had a hysterectomy. The patient is considering chemoprevention for breast cancer, but is nonetheless concerned about heart disease. Her calculated risk of breast cancer is 10.4% over the next 5 years. Which of the following options is reasonable to consider for this patient?
• A 62-year-old postmenopausal woman with a family history of breast cancer in two first-degree relatives wishes to consider taking tamoxifen to reduce her risk of breast cancer. Her baseline risk of breast cancer qualifies her for consideration of tamoxifen (i.e., an absolute risk of at least 1.66% over the next 5 years). She has had a prior hysterectomy, but her ovaries are intact. Which of the following effects of tamoxifen are relevant to the decision?
• Which of the following factors is the most important predictor of disease-free survival and overall survival in patients with breast cancer?
• Which of the following factors most adversely affects patients receiving radiation therapy for squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck?
• Which of the following factors is NOT typically associated with improved overall survival for patients who present with unknown primary tumors of the head and neck region?
• A 69-year-old man underwent a radical prostatectomy ii years ago. His serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level was 7.1 ng/mL, clinical stage was Tic (clinically organ-confined and detected by screening PSA blood test only), and his Gleason score was 5. His PSA level became detectable 4 years ago. Over the past 3 years, his PSA values have been 1.4 ng/mL, 1 .8 ng/mL, and 2.2 ng/mL. He remains asymptomatic, and a recent bone scan revealed only degenerative disease. The patients risk for rapid metastasis is low for which of the following reasons?
• Based on the results of SWOG 8797 (Peters), which of the following pathologic findings after a radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymph node dissection is an indication for adjuvant chemotherapy with radiation therapy for patients with high-risk cancers of the cervix?
• Which of the following factors is most strongly linked to an increased risk for the development of multiple myeloma?
• Five-year survival rates of patients with low-risk, non-metastatic gestational trophoblastic disease approaches?