McqMate
These multiple-choice questions (MCQs) are designed to enhance your knowledge and understanding in the following areas: Bachelor of Science in Counselling Psychology (BSc Counselling Psychology) .
| 51. |
A discrepancy between the self-concept and the ideal self results in |
| A. | ego defense mechanisms |
| B. | resistance |
| C. | incongruence |
| D. | subception |
| Answer» C. incongruence | |
| 52. |
Subception was defined by Rogers as |
| A. | the underlying empathic linkage between client and therapist |
| B. | the process of perceiving stimuli without an awareness of the perception |
| C. | a discrepancy between the organismic self and the ideal self |
| D. | a discrepancy between the actualizing |
| Answer» B. the process of perceiving stimuli without an awareness of the perception | |
| 53. |
George has a low perception of himself. To increase his self-concept, his parents and teacher continually praise and compliment him. Rogers believed that such praise and compliments are most likely to |
| A. | enhance george’s self-esteem |
| B. | reinforce george’s negative behaviour |
| C. | be easily accepted into george’s self- concept |
| D. | be distorted by george |
| Answer» D. be distorted by george | |
| 54. |
Rogers believed that, for psychologically healthy individuals, |
| A. | the self and experience are congruent |
| B. | denial of organismic functioning is essential |
| C. | the ideal self replaces the real self |
| D. | an incongruence exists between their organismic self and their ideal self |
| Answer» A. the self and experience are congruent | |
| 55. |
Which statement is consistent with Roger’s theory? |
| A. | self-regard is originally dependent on self concept |
| B. | once achieved, self-regard can exist independently of others’ opinions and attitudes |
| C. | self-regard is symptomatic of malignant egoism |
| D. | self-regard stems from the negative appraisals received from others |
| Answer» B. once achieved, self-regard can exist independently of others’ opinions and attitudes | |
| 56. |
An unawareness of a discrepancy between self and experience leads to |
| A. | psychological health |
| B. | anxiety |
| C. | vulnerability |
| D. | guilt |
| Answer» C. vulnerability | |
| 57. |
According to Rogers, the two primary defensive strategies are |
| A. | repression and denial |
| B. | repression and reaction formation |
| C. | denial and distortion |
| D. | subception and regression |
| Answer» C. denial and distortion | |
| 58. |
Which statement is most consistent with Roger’s concept of humanity? |
| A. | people have a natural tendency to move toward actualization |
| B. | people move inevitably toward actualization |
| C. | people move inevitably toward self-actualization |
| D. | people are free to become what they will |
| Answer» A. people have a natural tendency to move toward actualization | |
| 59. |
Shaping complex behaviour through Operant conditioning usually includes which procedure? |
| A. | classical conditioning |
| B. | punishment |
| C. | cognitive mediation |
| D. | successive approximation |
| Answer» D. successive approximation | |
| 60. |
Any aversive condition that when removed from a situation increases the probability that a given behaviour will occur is a |
| A. | negative reinforcer |
| B. | positive reinforcer |
| C. | reward |
| D. | negative punishment |
| Answer» A. negative reinforcer | |
| 61. |
Jane rubs her knee to reduce pain. This behaviour is most likely an example of |
| A. | classical conditioning |
| B. | punishment |
| C. | positive reinforcement |
| D. | negative reinforcement |
| Answer» D. negative reinforcement | |
| 62. |
A bricklayer is paid a given amount of money for every brick laid. This procedure most closely approximates which schedule of reinforcement? |
| A. | fixed-ratio |
| B. | variable-ratio |
| C. | fixed-interval |
| D. | variable-interval |
| Answer» A. fixed-ratio | |
| 63. |
Extinction of a response will occur earliest when learning occurs under which schedule of reinforcement? |
| A. | continuous |
| B. | variable-ratio |
| C. | fixed-interval |
| D. | variable-interval |
| Answer» A. continuous | |
| 64. |
Which of these would be the best example of a conditioned reinforcer? |
| A. | sleep |
| B. | relief from a headache |
| C. | praise |
| D. | oxygen |
| Answer» C. praise | |
| 65. |
A slot machine pays off on which schedule? |
| A. | continuous |
| B. | fixed-ratio |
| C. | variable interval |
| D. | none of the above |
| Answer» D. none of the above | |
| 66. |
The twin cornerstone of psychoanalytic motivation are |
| A. | sex and security |
| B. | safety and security |
| C. | hunger and sex |
| D. | sex and aggression |
| Answer» D. sex and aggression | |
| 67. |
What analogy did Freud use to illustrate the relationship between the ego and the Id? |
| A. | rider and horse |
| B. | groom and bride |
| C. | chicken and egg |
| D. | hammer and anvil |
| Answer» A. rider and horse | |
| 68. |
The id serves the ________ principle |
| A. | pleasure |
| B. | reality |
| C. | moralistic |
| D. | idealistic |
| Answer» A. pleasure | |
| 69. |
Which regions of the mind have no direct contact with external world? |
| A. | id and super ego |
| B. | id and ego |
| C. | id only |
| D. | ego and super ego |
| Answer» A. id and super ego | |
| 70. |
Which of these is a manifestation of both sex and aggression? |
| A. | anxiety |
| B. | narcissism |
| C. | masochism |
| D. | love |
| Answer» C. masochism | |
| 71. |
A s*dist receives sexual pleasure from |
| A. | inflicting pain on others |
| B. | inflicting pain on self |
| C. | receiving pain inflicted by others |
| D. | watching other people undress |
| Answer» A. inflicting pain on others | |
| 72. |
Freud called the mouth, anus, and genitals |
| A. | oedipal strivings |
| B. | erogenous zones |
| C. | the aim of the sexual instinct |
| D. | the aim of the aggressive instinct |
| Answer» B. erogenous zones | |
| 73. |
the guilt a person experiences after violating personal standards of conduct is called _________ anxiety. |
| A. | realistic |
| B. | neurotic |
| C. | manifest |
| D. | moral |
| Answer» D. moral | |
| 74. |
According to Freud, anxiety is felt by the |
| A. | id |
| B. | ego |
| C. | super ego |
| D. | conscience |
| Answer» B. ego | |
| 75. |
Defense mechanisms protect the Ego against |
| A. | feelings of shame |
| B. | guilt |
| C. | anxiety |
| D. | public disgrace |
| Answer» C. anxiety | |
| 76. |
In Freudian theory, Anxiety |
| A. | reduces repression |
| B. | triggers repression |
| C. | increases repression |
| D. | is unrelated to repression |
| Answer» B. triggers repression | |
| 77. |
With this defense mechanism, a repressed desire finds an opposite and exaggerated expression |
| A. | fixation |
| B. | reaction formation |
| C. | sublimation |
| D. | undoing |
| Answer» B. reaction formation | |
| 78. |
A completely weaned child goes back to the bottle after a younger sister is born. This return to a more infantile pattern of behaviour expresses a |
| A. | reaction formation |
| B. | fixation |
| C. | regression |
| D. | projection |
| Answer» C. regression | |
| 79. |
Mohan has great admiration for his teacher. He attempts to imitate this teacher’s lifestyle and mannerisms. This is an example of |
| A. | displacement |
| B. | sublimation |
| C. | projection |
| D. | introjection |
| Answer» D. introjection | |
| 80. |
A type of repression in which the ego attempts to do away with unpleasant experiences and their consequences is called |
| A. | undoing |
| B. | suppression |
| C. | reaction formation |
| D. | forgetting |
| Answer» A. undoing | |
| 81. |
This defence mechanism, unlike others, usually results in some benefit to society. |
| A. | undoing |
| B. | fixation |
| C. | sublimation |
| D. | regression |
| Answer» C. sublimation | |
| 82. |
To Freud, the most crucial stage of development is |
| A. | infancy |
| B. | latency |
| C. | genital |
| D. | maturity |
| Answer» A. infancy | |
| 83. |
The anal triad consists of all these characteristics EXCEPT |
| A. | miserliness |
| B. | aggressiveness |
| C. | stubbornness |
| D. | compulsive neatness |
| Answer» B. aggressiveness | |
| 84. |
For boys, the Castration complex |
| A. | takes the form of pen*s envy |
| B. | shatters the oedipus complex |
| C. | comes before the oedipus complex |
| D. | both a and c |
| Answer» D. both a and c | |
| 85. |
Freud believed that, for girls |
| A. | the oedipus complex precedes the castration complex |
| B. | the castration complex takes the form of castration anxiety |
| C. | the oedipus complex is solved when they identify with their father, at around age 5 or 6 |
| D. | none of the above |
| Answer» D. none of the above | |
| 86. |
With few exceptions, the unconscious meaning of dreams expressed |
| A. | early childhood traumas |
| B. | wish-fulfillments |
| C. | experiences of the day before |
| D. | feelings of inferiority |
| Answer» B. wish-fulfillments | |
| 87. |
Psychoanalytic therapy is most likely to include this technique |
| A. | homework assignments |
| B. | free association |
| C. | interpretation of early collections |
| D. | an active, aggressive therapist |
| Answer» B. free association | |
| 88. |
According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, the first level of needs that must be met are: |
| A. | physical needs |
| B. | safety needs |
| C. | social needs |
| D. | esteem needs |
| Answer» A. physical needs | |
| 89. |
Psychologist wrote about the hierarchy of needs |
| A. | albert bandura |
| B. | arthur jensen |
| C. | sigmund freud |
| D. | abraham maslow |
| Answer» D. abraham maslow | |
| 90. |
The humanistic approach understands us in terms of: |
| A. | the unconscious |
| B. | the self |
| C. | the environment |
| D. | the ego |
| Answer» B. the self | |
| 91. |
Physiological, safety, love and belongingness and esteem are all examples of our ______. |
| A. | sexual needs |
| B. | deficiency needs |
| C. | growth needs |
| D. | all of the above |
| Answer» B. deficiency needs | |
| 92. |
Physiological needs are our |
| A. | emotional needs |
| B. | cognitive needs |
| C. | bodily needs |
| D. | growth needs |
| Answer» C. bodily needs | |
| 93. |
When we find ourself excluded from groups we want to join, we |
| A. | value ourselves more |
| B. | value ourselves the same |
| C. | value ourselves less |
| D. | neglect |
| Answer» C. value ourselves less | |
| 94. |
Who in childhood influence our self esteem the most |
| A. | parents |
| B. | teachers |
| C. | friends |
| D. | visitors |
| Answer» A. parents | |
| 95. |
All individuals should give other individuals their: |
| A. | unconditional positive regard |
| B. | unconditional surrender |
| C. | unconditional stimulus |
| D. | all of the above |
| Answer» A. unconditional positive regard | |
| 96. |
Genuineness, empathy and unconditional positive regard are used to create: |
| A. | conditions of growth |
| B. | conditions of worth |
| C. | conditions of release |
| D. | conditions of love |
| Answer» A. conditions of growth | |
| 97. |
The purpose of humanistic psychotherapy is to allow the individual to move from: |
| A. | ideal self to perceived self |
| B. | ego defence to ego ideal |
| C. | perceived self to ideal self |
| D. | ego ideal to ego defense |
| Answer» C. perceived self to ideal self | |
| 98. |
The humanistic approach uses: |
| A. | the experimental method |
| B. | the case study method |
| C. | the observational method |
| D. | both b and c |
| Answer» B. the case study method | |
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