McqMate
| 1. |
The cognitive approach refers to |
| A. | thoughts as an explanation of behaviour |
| B. | chemicals as an explanation of behaviour |
| C. | punishment and reinforcement as an explanation of behaviour |
| D. | bodily changes and genetics as an |
| Answer» A. thoughts as an explanation of behaviour | |
| 2. |
The behaviourist approach refers to |
| A. | thoughts as an explanation of behaviour |
| B. | chemicals as an explanation of behaviour |
| C. | punishment and reinforcement as an explanation of behaviour |
| D. | bodily changes and genetics as an explanation of behaviour |
| Answer» C. punishment and reinforcement as an explanation of behaviour | |
| 3. |
Joelene is upset and has often felt stressed. She decides to visit a Psychologist, who refers her to a Psychiatrist. Which of the reasons below is not true of Psychiatrists? |
| A. | a psychiatrist is a medically-trained doctor. |
| B. | a psychiatrist prescribes medication |
| C. | a psychiatrist must complete a four year degree in psychology |
| D. | a psychiatrist performs medical procedures |
| Answer» C. a psychiatrist must complete a four year degree in psychology | |
| 4. |
Which of the following is not a behaviourist? |
| A. | rogers |
| B. | pavlov |
| C. | watson |
| D. | skinner |
| Answer» A. rogers | |
| 5. |
An explanation of behaviour that is not based on scientific methods is called a/an |
| A. | experiment |
| B. | pseudoscience |
| C. | hypothesis |
| D. | theory |
| Answer» B. pseudoscience | |
| 6. |
Freud was the founder of which approach to Psychology? |
| A. | psychoanalytic |
| B. | behaviouristic |
| C. | humanistic |
| D. | cognitive |
| Answer» A. psychoanalytic | |
| 7. |
Mark is visiting a counsellor to deal with anxiety issues. A Cognitive Psychologist would approach therapy of Mark in which way? |
| A. | interview him about his thought processes and self-talk |
| B. | provide him with medication |
| C. | give him positive or negative feedback, depending on the desired environmental outcome |
| D. | tell him he is only trying to reach his true potential, and counsel him in an effort to find this |
| Answer» A. interview him about his thought processes and self-talk | |
| 8. |
Anthony is having trouble with his colleagues. Lucky, his workplace has some psychologist on hand for any issues. Anthony decides to go and visit them. The most likely type of Psychologist the workplace has, is a/an: |
| A. | clinical psychologist |
| B. | behavioural psychologist |
| C. | organisational psychologist |
| D. | forensic psychologist |
| Answer» C. organisational psychologist | |
| 9. |
Your school has a goal of students being more prepared for class. For the first time all year, all of your students come to class prepared. How would you use positive reinforcement to try to increase the chance of this behavior happening again? |
| A. | give the entire class a free ice cream pass to use in the cafeteria. |
| B. | take away a homework assignment for that night. |
| C. | drop each student\s lowest quiz grade for that marking peri |
| Answer» A. give the entire class a free ice cream pass to use in the cafeteria. | |
| 10. |
You are potty training your 3 year old daughter. She lets you know every time she needs to use the bathroom, however she is having accidents instead of actually using the toilet. Her pediatrician suggests that you should have her clean her underwear every time she has an accident. You start enforcing this rule, and she has fewer accidents. This is an example of… |
| A. | positive reinforcement |
| B. | negative reinforcement |
| C. | positive punishment |
| D. | negative punishment |
| Answer» C. positive punishment | |
| 11. |
You are trying to train your dog not to jump on guests when they walk into your home. You buy a zap collar at the store, which has a remote that will shock the dog when you push a button. Every time your dog jumps on a person, you push the button, and the dog gets an electric shock. Which scientist’s experiments are you most closely replicating? |
| A. | pavlov |
| B. | gagne |
| C. | skinner |
| D. | walters |
| Answer» C. skinner | |
| 12. |
Shyam is very orderly in the way he lives, and also very miserly with his money. According to Freud, these traits are associated with fixation at the _____________ stage of development. |
| A. | oral |
| B. | anal |
| C. | phallic |
| D. | genital |
| Answer» B. anal | |
| 13. |
Each of the following is part of the definition of psychotherapy except |
| A. | trained professional |
| B. | psychological methods |
| C. | medical treatment methods |
| D. | based on psychological theory |
| Answer» C. medical treatment methods | |
| 14. |
Which type of psychotherapy views the process of helping others as a form of teaching? |
| A. | humanistic therapy |
| B. | behaviour therapy |
| C. | psychoanalytic therapy |
| D. | client-centered therapy |
| Answer» B. behaviour therapy | |
| 15. |
According to the Association to the Association for Advancement of Behaviour Therapy, each of the following is an ethical consideration in the use of psychotherapy except |
| A. | the goals of treatment |
| B. | the fees (splitting the fees when necessary) |
| C. | the choice of treatment methods |
| D. | client confidentiality |
| Answer» B. the fees (splitting the fees when necessary) | |
| 16. |
Which of the following is a situation where it is appropriate for a therapist to breach confidentiality? |
| A. | spouse inquiry |
| B. | court order |
| C. | insurance company order |
| D. | relative asks a question |
| Answer» B. court order | |
| 17. |
Ann’s psychoanalytic therapist asks her to lie on a coach and talk about whatever comes to mind. The technique being used by her therapist is |
| A. | catharsis |
| B. | resistance |
| C. | free association |
| D. | transference |
| Answer» C. free association | |
| 18. |
According to Freud, when the patient reacts to the therapist in ways that resemble how he or she would react to other authority figures, the process is called |
| A. | resistance |
| B. | catharsis |
| C. | free association |
| D. | transference |
| Answer» D. transference | |
| 19. |
In psychoanalysis, the release of emotional energy related to unconscious conflicts is called |
| A. | resistance |
| B. | catharsis |
| C. | free association |
| D. | transference |
| Answer» B. catharsis | |
| 20. |
A contemporary Neo-Freudian form of psychotherapy that ignores unconscious motivation is called |
| A. | social skills training |
| B. | systematic desensitization |
| C. | interpersonal psychotherapy |
| D. | assertiveness training |
| Answer» C. interpersonal psychotherapy | |
| 21. |
According to Rogers, the ability of the therapist to share the client’s emotions is an important process called |
| A. | reflection |
| B. | empathy |
| C. | catharsis |
| D. | transference |
| Answer» B. empathy | |
| 22. |
The role of the client-centered therapist is to |
| A. | interpret the client’s unconscious conflicts |
| B. | create a safe atmosphere for clients to express feelings |
| C. | confront and challenge the client and point out inconsistencies |
| D. | help the client unlearn abnormal ways |
| Answer» B. create a safe atmosphere for clients to express feelings | |
| 23. |
Which of the following techniques is a client-centered therapist most likely to use? |
| A. | analysis |
| B. | giving advice |
| C. | reflection |
| D. | aversive conditioning |
| Answer» C. reflection | |
| 24. |
Systematic desensitization and graded exposure are two techniques used to treat |
| A. | schizophrenia |
| B. | phobias |
| C. | bipolar disorder |
| D. | depression |
| Answer» B. phobias | |
| 25. |
Behaviour therapy teaches skills based on methods derived from |
| A. | classical conditioning |
| B. | operant conditioning |
| C. | information-processing theory |
| D. | a and b above |
| Answer» D. a and b above | |
| 26. |
After Mike got to college, the first two people he called to ask for a trip forcefully told him ‘No!’ Mike has concluded he will never have a trip. Beck would say Mike is engaging in |
| A. | selective abstraction |
| B. | personalization |
| C. | overgeneralization |
| D. | none of the above |
| Answer» C. overgeneralization | |
| 27. |
With which disorders has cognitive therapy been shown to be effective? |
| A. | anxiety disorders |
| B. | bulimia |
| C. | major depression |
| D. | all of the above |
| Answer» D. all of the above | |
| 28. |
Persuading clients to abandon their erroneous ways of thinking is a goal of |
| A. | aversive conditioning |
| B. | cognitive therapy |
| C. | systematic desensitization |
| D. | social skills training |
| Answer» B. cognitive therapy | |
| 29. |
A therapist who pays particular attention to transference during therapy is likely to have which approach? |
| A. | psychodynamic approach |
| B. | cognitive approach |
| C. | humanistic approach |
| D. | behavioural approach |
| Answer» A. psychodynamic approach | |
| 30. |
A therapist who tries to decrease incongruence in the client is likely to have which approach? |
| A. | psychodynamic approach |
| B. | cognitive approach |
| C. | humanistic approach |
| D. | behavioural approach |
| Answer» C. humanistic approach | |
| 31. |
A therapist who uses classical conditioning principles to treat a spider phobia is likely to have which approach? |
| A. | psychodynamic approach |
| B. | cognitive approach |
| C. | humanistic approach |
| D. | behavioural approach |
| Answer» D. behavioural approach | |
| 32. |
a therapist whose main task is to encourage clients to test their assumptions against reality is likely to have which approach? |
| A. | psychodynamic approach |
| B. | cognitive approach |
| C. | humanistic approach |
| D. | behavioural approach |
| Answer» B. cognitive approach | |
| 33. |
According to Freud, which part of the mind is composed mainly of life and death instincts |
| A. | id |
| B. | ego |
| C. | superego |
| D. | none of these |
| Answer» B. ego | |
| 34. |
According to Freud, primitive instinctual motives and repressed memories are stored in the |
| A. | conscious mind |
| B. | preconscious mind |
| C. | unconscious mind |
| D. | superego |
| Answer» C. unconscious mind | |
| 35. |
According to Freud, information that you are not currently aware of that can be easily recalled into awareness resides in which part of the mind? |
| A. | preconscious |
| B. | conscious |
| C. | unconscious |
| D. | subconscious |
| Answer» A. preconscious | |
| 36. |
The executive of the personality, which operates according to the reality principle, is the |
| A. | id |
| B. | ego |
| C. | superego |
| D. | none of the above |
| Answer» B. ego | |
| 37. |
According to Freud, which part of the mind is dominated by the pleasure principle? |
| A. | the id |
| B. | the ego |
| C. | the super ego |
| D. | the super id |
| Answer» A. the id | |
| 38. |
According to Freud, which part of the mind corresponds roughly to Conscience? |
| A. | the id |
| B. | the ego |
| C. | the super ego |
| D. | the super id |
| Answer» C. the super ego | |
| 39. |
All of the following are examples of sublimation except |
| A. | competing in contact sports |
| B. | robbing a bank |
| C. | painting nude portraits |
| D. | competing in business |
| Answer» B. robbing a bank | |
| 40. |
To prevent itself from being overwhelmed by excessive demands from the Id and Superego, the Ego relies on |
| A. | the oedipus complex |
| B. | defense mechanisms |
| C. | the reality principle |
| D. | the pleasure principle |
| Answer» B. defense mechanisms | |
| 41. |
The humanistic view states that |
| A. | humans possess an inner-directedness |
| B. | humans possess an objective view of reality |
| C. | people should not frustrate themselves by continually trying to change and improve |
| D. | personality is dominated by an active unconscious |
| Answer» A. humans possess an inner-directedness | |
| 42. |
Rogers believes that differences between the self and the ideal self |
| A. | are uncomfortable |
| B. | lead to incongruence |
| C. | lead to unsymbolized feelings |
| D. | all of the above |
| Answer» D. all of the above | |
| 43. |
Which approach to psychology is referred to as the “third force”? |
| A. | psychoanalysis |
| B. | social learning theory |
| C. | humanistic theory |
| D. | trait theory |
| Answer» C. humanistic theory | |
| 44. |
Humanistic psychologists believe that people are born _________, whereas social learning theorists believe that people are born ___________. |
| A. | good, selfish |
| B. | selfish, good |
| C. | neutral, good |
| D. | good, neutral |
| Answer» D. good, neutral | |
| 45. |
Rogers is most properly associated with |
| A. | non-directive counselling |
| B. | client centered therapy |
| C. | rational-emotive therapy |
| D. | behaviour modification |
| Answer» B. client centered therapy | |
| 46. |
Rogers described the formative tendency as the tendency for |
| A. | humans to form intimate interpersonal relationships |
| B. | matter to evolve from simpler to more complex forms |
| C. | people to strive toward self-actualization |
| D. | people to return to an inorganic state |
| Answer» B. matter to evolve from simpler to more complex forms | |
| 47. |
Rogers believed that all behaviour relates to one’s |
| A. | enhancement needs |
| B. | perceived self |
| C. | ideal self |
| D. | actualizing tendency |
| Answer» D. actualizing tendency | |
| 48. |
Healthy people evaluate their experiences as good or bad according to which criterion? |
| A. | perceived self |
| B. | reflected appraisal of others |
| C. | the actualizing tendency |
| D. | the self concept |
| Answer» C. the actualizing tendency | |
| 49. |
In Rogerian theory, the actualizing tendency |
| A. | is synonymous with the formative tendency |
| B. | has the same or nearly the same meaning as self-actualization |
| C. | refers to the person’s organismic experiences |
| D. | refers to the tendency to actualize the |
| Answer» C. refers to the person’s organismic experiences | |
| 50. |
Inner tension arises, Rogers said, when a conflict exists between the |
| A. | self-actualizing tendency and the organismic self |
| B. | emotion and cognition |
| C. | the values of others and one’s own values |
| D. | the formative tendency and the actualization tendency |
| Answer» A. self-actualizing tendency and the organismic self | |
| 51. |
A discrepancy between the self-concept and the ideal self results in |
| A. | ego defense mechanisms |
| B. | resistance |
| C. | incongruence |
| D. | subception |
| Answer» C. incongruence | |
| 52. |
Subception was defined by Rogers as |
| A. | the underlying empathic linkage between client and therapist |
| B. | the process of perceiving stimuli without an awareness of the perception |
| C. | a discrepancy between the organismic self and the ideal self |
| D. | a discrepancy between the actualizing |
| Answer» B. the process of perceiving stimuli without an awareness of the perception | |
| 53. |
George has a low perception of himself. To increase his self-concept, his parents and teacher continually praise and compliment him. Rogers believed that such praise and compliments are most likely to |
| A. | enhance george’s self-esteem |
| B. | reinforce george’s negative behaviour |
| C. | be easily accepted into george’s self- concept |
| D. | be distorted by george |
| Answer» D. be distorted by george | |
| 54. |
Rogers believed that, for psychologically healthy individuals, |
| A. | the self and experience are congruent |
| B. | denial of organismic functioning is essential |
| C. | the ideal self replaces the real self |
| D. | an incongruence exists between their organismic self and their ideal self |
| Answer» A. the self and experience are congruent | |
| 55. |
Which statement is consistent with Roger’s theory? |
| A. | self-regard is originally dependent on self concept |
| B. | once achieved, self-regard can exist independently of others’ opinions and attitudes |
| C. | self-regard is symptomatic of malignant egoism |
| D. | self-regard stems from the negative appraisals received from others |
| Answer» B. once achieved, self-regard can exist independently of others’ opinions and attitudes | |
| 56. |
An unawareness of a discrepancy between self and experience leads to |
| A. | psychological health |
| B. | anxiety |
| C. | vulnerability |
| D. | guilt |
| Answer» C. vulnerability | |
| 57. |
According to Rogers, the two primary defensive strategies are |
| A. | repression and denial |
| B. | repression and reaction formation |
| C. | denial and distortion |
| D. | subception and regression |
| Answer» C. denial and distortion | |
| 58. |
Which statement is most consistent with Roger’s concept of humanity? |
| A. | people have a natural tendency to move toward actualization |
| B. | people move inevitably toward actualization |
| C. | people move inevitably toward self-actualization |
| D. | people are free to become what they will |
| Answer» A. people have a natural tendency to move toward actualization | |
| 59. |
Shaping complex behaviour through Operant conditioning usually includes which procedure? |
| A. | classical conditioning |
| B. | punishment |
| C. | cognitive mediation |
| D. | successive approximation |
| Answer» D. successive approximation | |
| 60. |
Any aversive condition that when removed from a situation increases the probability that a given behaviour will occur is a |
| A. | negative reinforcer |
| B. | positive reinforcer |
| C. | reward |
| D. | negative punishment |
| Answer» A. negative reinforcer | |
| 61. |
Jane rubs her knee to reduce pain. This behaviour is most likely an example of |
| A. | classical conditioning |
| B. | punishment |
| C. | positive reinforcement |
| D. | negative reinforcement |
| Answer» D. negative reinforcement | |
| 62. |
A bricklayer is paid a given amount of money for every brick laid. This procedure most closely approximates which schedule of reinforcement? |
| A. | fixed-ratio |
| B. | variable-ratio |
| C. | fixed-interval |
| D. | variable-interval |
| Answer» A. fixed-ratio | |
| 63. |
Extinction of a response will occur earliest when learning occurs under which schedule of reinforcement? |
| A. | continuous |
| B. | variable-ratio |
| C. | fixed-interval |
| D. | variable-interval |
| Answer» A. continuous | |
| 64. |
Which of these would be the best example of a conditioned reinforcer? |
| A. | sleep |
| B. | relief from a headache |
| C. | praise |
| D. | oxygen |
| Answer» C. praise | |
| 65. |
A slot machine pays off on which schedule? |
| A. | continuous |
| B. | fixed-ratio |
| C. | variable interval |
| D. | none of the above |
| Answer» D. none of the above | |
| 66. |
The twin cornerstone of psychoanalytic motivation are |
| A. | sex and security |
| B. | safety and security |
| C. | hunger and sex |
| D. | sex and aggression |
| Answer» D. sex and aggression | |
| 67. |
What analogy did Freud use to illustrate the relationship between the ego and the Id? |
| A. | rider and horse |
| B. | groom and bride |
| C. | chicken and egg |
| D. | hammer and anvil |
| Answer» A. rider and horse | |
| 68. |
The id serves the ________ principle |
| A. | pleasure |
| B. | reality |
| C. | moralistic |
| D. | idealistic |
| Answer» A. pleasure | |
| 69. |
Which regions of the mind have no direct contact with external world? |
| A. | id and super ego |
| B. | id and ego |
| C. | id only |
| D. | ego and super ego |
| Answer» A. id and super ego | |
| 70. |
Which of these is a manifestation of both sex and aggression? |
| A. | anxiety |
| B. | narcissism |
| C. | masochism |
| D. | love |
| Answer» C. masochism | |
| 71. |
A s*dist receives sexual pleasure from |
| A. | inflicting pain on others |
| B. | inflicting pain on self |
| C. | receiving pain inflicted by others |
| D. | watching other people undress |
| Answer» A. inflicting pain on others | |
| 72. |
Freud called the mouth, anus, and genitals |
| A. | oedipal strivings |
| B. | erogenous zones |
| C. | the aim of the sexual instinct |
| D. | the aim of the aggressive instinct |
| Answer» B. erogenous zones | |
| 73. |
the guilt a person experiences after violating personal standards of conduct is called _________ anxiety. |
| A. | realistic |
| B. | neurotic |
| C. | manifest |
| D. | moral |
| Answer» D. moral | |
| 74. |
According to Freud, anxiety is felt by the |
| A. | id |
| B. | ego |
| C. | super ego |
| D. | conscience |
| Answer» B. ego | |
| 75. |
Defense mechanisms protect the Ego against |
| A. | feelings of shame |
| B. | guilt |
| C. | anxiety |
| D. | public disgrace |
| Answer» C. anxiety | |
| 76. |
In Freudian theory, Anxiety |
| A. | reduces repression |
| B. | triggers repression |
| C. | increases repression |
| D. | is unrelated to repression |
| Answer» B. triggers repression | |
| 77. |
With this defense mechanism, a repressed desire finds an opposite and exaggerated expression |
| A. | fixation |
| B. | reaction formation |
| C. | sublimation |
| D. | undoing |
| Answer» B. reaction formation | |
| 78. |
A completely weaned child goes back to the bottle after a younger sister is born. This return to a more infantile pattern of behaviour expresses a |
| A. | reaction formation |
| B. | fixation |
| C. | regression |
| D. | projection |
| Answer» C. regression | |
| 79. |
Mohan has great admiration for his teacher. He attempts to imitate this teacher’s lifestyle and mannerisms. This is an example of |
| A. | displacement |
| B. | sublimation |
| C. | projection |
| D. | introjection |
| Answer» D. introjection | |
| 80. |
A type of repression in which the ego attempts to do away with unpleasant experiences and their consequences is called |
| A. | undoing |
| B. | suppression |
| C. | reaction formation |
| D. | forgetting |
| Answer» A. undoing | |
| 81. |
This defence mechanism, unlike others, usually results in some benefit to society. |
| A. | undoing |
| B. | fixation |
| C. | sublimation |
| D. | regression |
| Answer» C. sublimation | |
| 82. |
To Freud, the most crucial stage of development is |
| A. | infancy |
| B. | latency |
| C. | genital |
| D. | maturity |
| Answer» A. infancy | |
| 83. |
The anal triad consists of all these characteristics EXCEPT |
| A. | miserliness |
| B. | aggressiveness |
| C. | stubbornness |
| D. | compulsive neatness |
| Answer» B. aggressiveness | |
| 84. |
For boys, the Castration complex |
| A. | takes the form of pen*s envy |
| B. | shatters the oedipus complex |
| C. | comes before the oedipus complex |
| D. | both a and c |
| Answer» D. both a and c | |
| 85. |
Freud believed that, for girls |
| A. | the oedipus complex precedes the castration complex |
| B. | the castration complex takes the form of castration anxiety |
| C. | the oedipus complex is solved when they identify with their father, at around age 5 or 6 |
| D. | none of the above |
| Answer» D. none of the above | |
| 86. |
With few exceptions, the unconscious meaning of dreams expressed |
| A. | early childhood traumas |
| B. | wish-fulfillments |
| C. | experiences of the day before |
| D. | feelings of inferiority |
| Answer» B. wish-fulfillments | |
| 87. |
Psychoanalytic therapy is most likely to include this technique |
| A. | homework assignments |
| B. | free association |
| C. | interpretation of early collections |
| D. | an active, aggressive therapist |
| Answer» B. free association | |
| 88. |
According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, the first level of needs that must be met are: |
| A. | physical needs |
| B. | safety needs |
| C. | social needs |
| D. | esteem needs |
| Answer» A. physical needs | |
| 89. |
Psychologist wrote about the hierarchy of needs |
| A. | albert bandura |
| B. | arthur jensen |
| C. | sigmund freud |
| D. | abraham maslow |
| Answer» D. abraham maslow | |
| 90. |
The humanistic approach understands us in terms of: |
| A. | the unconscious |
| B. | the self |
| C. | the environment |
| D. | the ego |
| Answer» B. the self | |
| 91. |
Physiological, safety, love and belongingness and esteem are all examples of our ______. |
| A. | sexual needs |
| B. | deficiency needs |
| C. | growth needs |
| D. | all of the above |
| Answer» B. deficiency needs | |
| 92. |
Physiological needs are our |
| A. | emotional needs |
| B. | cognitive needs |
| C. | bodily needs |
| D. | growth needs |
| Answer» C. bodily needs | |
| 93. |
When we find ourself excluded from groups we want to join, we |
| A. | value ourselves more |
| B. | value ourselves the same |
| C. | value ourselves less |
| D. | neglect |
| Answer» C. value ourselves less | |
| 94. |
Who in childhood influence our self esteem the most |
| A. | parents |
| B. | teachers |
| C. | friends |
| D. | visitors |
| Answer» A. parents | |
| 95. |
All individuals should give other individuals their: |
| A. | unconditional positive regard |
| B. | unconditional surrender |
| C. | unconditional stimulus |
| D. | all of the above |
| Answer» A. unconditional positive regard | |
| 96. |
Genuineness, empathy and unconditional positive regard are used to create: |
| A. | conditions of growth |
| B. | conditions of worth |
| C. | conditions of release |
| D. | conditions of love |
| Answer» A. conditions of growth | |
| 97. |
The purpose of humanistic psychotherapy is to allow the individual to move from: |
| A. | ideal self to perceived self |
| B. | ego defence to ego ideal |
| C. | perceived self to ideal self |
| D. | ego ideal to ego defense |
| Answer» C. perceived self to ideal self | |
| 98. |
The humanistic approach uses: |
| A. | the experimental method |
| B. | the case study method |
| C. | the observational method |
| D. | both b and c |
| Answer» B. the case study method | |
Done Reading?