60+ Basics of Counselling Psychology Solved MCQs

These multiple-choice questions (MCQs) are designed to enhance your knowledge and understanding in the following areas: Bachelor of Science in Counselling Psychology (BSc Counselling Psychology) , Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) , Indian Administrative Service (IAS) .

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1.	The ego’s need for immediate gratification is known as the _____________
A.	pleasure principle
B.	defense mechanism
C.	anxiety
D.	introversion
Answer» A. pleasure principle

2.	_____________of behaviour is accomplished by rewarding successive approximations of the desired behaviour.
A.	shaping
B.	modeling
C.	counter conditioning
D.	token economy
Answer» A. shaping

3.	An individual who has achieved __________ is happy, autonomous, and creative.
A.	constructive alternativism
B.	libido
C.	self-actualization
D.	reinforcement
Answer» C. self-actualization

4.	According to Rogers, ___________from parents is necessary for children to develop healthy self- concepts.
A.	self-actualization
B.	contextual world view
C.	unconditional positive regard
D.	consequences
Answer» C. unconditional positive regard

5.	A method of learning that involves the conditioning of new stimuli to existing responses is________________
A.	counter conditioning
B.	extinction
C.	modeling
D.	classical conditioning
Answer» D. classical conditioning

6.	Freud believed that human behaviour is primarily motivated by the psychosexual energy he called_______________.
A.	ego
B.	libido
C.	commitment
D.	none
Answer» B. libido

7.	The unpleasantness of _________ motivates individuals to avoid or reduce inconsistencies in cognitive structure.
A.	life space
B.	cognitive dissonance
C.	self-actualization
D.	traits
Answer» B. cognitive dissonance

8.	A counselor might use systematic desensitization to help reduce the ___________experienced by an agoraphobic client.
A.	anxiety
B.	depression
C.	psychosis
D.	mania
Answer» A. anxiety

9.	In Jung’s theory, ______ is the tendency toward subjective functioning, with the self being of greatest importance
A.	introversion
B.	extraversion
C.	extinction
D.	shaping
Answer» A. introversion

10.	Behaviour modification programs in schools or group homes often use _____________ to motivate participants.
A.	shaping
B.	token economy
C.	modeling
D.	conditioning
Answer» B. token economy

11.	Through ____________ undesirable behaviour may be eliminated.
A.	counter conditioning
B.	extinction
C.	modeling
D.	reinforcement
Answer» B. extinction

12.	Adler is related to :
A.	vicarious conditioning
B.	stage theory of development
C.	use of family constellation
D.	traits and values
Answer» C. use of family constellation

13.	Allport is related to :
A.	vicarious conditioning,
B.	stage theory of development,
C.	use of family constellation,
D.	traits and values
Answer» D. traits and values

14.	Bandura is related to :
A.	vicarious conditioning,
B.	stage theory of development,
C.	use of family constellation,
D.	traits and values
Answer» A. vicarious conditioning,

15.	Cattell is related to :
A.	16 personality factor,
B.	stage theory of development,
C.	use of family constellation,
D.	traits and values
Answer» A. 16 personality factor,

16.	Erickson is related to :
A.	16 personality factor,
B.	stage theory of development,
C.	use of family constellation,
D.	traits and values
Answer» B. stage theory of development,

17.	Festinger is related to :
A.	16 personality factor,
B.	stage theory of development,
C.	cognitive dissonance,
D.	id, ego, superego
Answer» C. cognitive dissonance,

18.	Freud is related to :
A.	stage theory of development,
B.	cognitive dissonance,
C.	id, ego, superego
D.	introversion – extroversion
Answer» C. id, ego, superego

19.	Jung is related to :
A.	introversion – extroversion,
B.	stage theory of development,
C.	cognitive dissonance,
D.	id, ego, superego
Answer» A. introversion – extroversion,

20.	Social learning theory uses the concept of modeling to explain some aspect of human behavior. The concept that best explains how modeling works within this theory is
A.	primary reinforcement
B.	secondary reinforcement
C.	vicarious reinforcement
D.	intermittent reinforcement
Answer» C. vicarious reinforcement

21.	Counselors who follow Maslow’s theory believe people’s behaviors are directed by
A.	oral gratification
B.	pleasure principle
C.	pleasing others
D.	need gratification
Answer» D. need gratification

22.	Motivation and reinforcement may come from within a person or from sources external to the person. According to Rotter, people’s behaviour is determined by their belief that reinforcements are either internally or externally controlled. This concept is called
A.	locus of control
B.	reinforcement contingency
C.	goal orientation
D.	expectancy level
Answer» A. locus of control

23.	A client who reverts to old behaviour patterns is said to be
A.	projecting
B.	compensating
C.	actualizing
D.	regressing
Answer» D. regressing

24.	As a counselor in a community mental health centre, you receive a pay check every other Friday. This is an example of which reinforcement schedule?
A.	variable interval
B.	fixed interval
C.	variable ratio
D.	fixed ratio
Answer» B. fixed interval

25.	Jung’s work forms the basis for many personality concepts of interest today. Among these are
A.	introversion-extroversion
B.	collective unconscious
C.	individuation
D.	all the above
Answer» D. all the above

60+ Basics of Counselling Psychology Solved MCQs

The ego’s need for immediate gratification is known as the _____________

_____________of behaviour is accomplished by rewarding successive approximations of the desired behaviour.

An individual who has achieved __________ is happy, autonomous, and creative.

According to Rogers, ___________from parents is necessary for children to develop healthy self- concepts.

A method of learning that involves the conditioning of new stimuli to existing responses is________________

Freud believed that human behaviour is primarily motivated by the psychosexual energy he called_______________.

The unpleasantness of _________ motivates individuals to avoid or reduce inconsistencies in cognitive structure.

A counselor might use systematic desensitization to help reduce the ___________experienced by an agoraphobic client.

In Jung’s theory, ______ is the tendency toward subjective functioning, with the self being of greatest importance

Behaviour modification programs in schools or group homes often use _____________ to motivate participants.

Through ____________ undesirable behaviour may be eliminated.

Adler is related to :

Allport is related to :

Bandura is related to :

Cattell is related to :

Erickson is related to :

Festinger is related to :

Freud is related to :

Jung is related to :

Social learning theory uses the concept of modeling to explain some aspect of human behavior. The concept that best explains how modeling works within this theory is

Counselors who follow Maslow’s theory believe people’s behaviors are directed by

Motivation and reinforcement may come from within a person or from sources external to the person. According to Rotter, people’s behaviour is determined by their belief that reinforcements are either internally or externally controlled. This concept is called

A client who reverts to old behaviour patterns is said to be

As a counselor in a community mental health centre, you receive a pay check every other Friday. This is an example of which reinforcement schedule?

Jung’s work forms the basis for many personality concepts of interest today. Among these are

In adult development, mid-life is characterized by

Piaget identifies four major stages of child development. Which of the following refers to the period during which the child develops the abilities to classify and seriate objects and to maintain relationships between objects despite their physical manipulation?

Which of the following describes Roger’s view of humanity?

According to Kohlberg’s theory of moral development,

Festinger is known for the concept of cognitive dissonance, He believes individuals

The first theorist to acknowledge continued development during adulthood was

A childhood disturbance characterized, by withdrawal, a blurred sense of self, and obsessive self-stimulation (head banging, rocking, and so on) is known as

According to Adler’s theory of individual psychology, when an individual’s real self and self-ideal do not match,

As a new counselor in a community mental health center, you have been assigned to a client whose diagnosis is “anorexia nervosa”. You would expect the client to be

Two theorists who believe human beings are motivated by needs are

When working with clients, counselors need to be aware of defense mechanisms. Clients who refuse to take responsibility for their own actions or situations often attribute their unacceptable desires or impulses to others. This is an example of

The term cardinal trait, used by Allport in his personality theory, means

A counselor whose methods are based on learning theory approaches treatment

Lewin theorizes that an individual’s behaviour is a function of the personal and his or her psychological environment, or life space. This approach to human development may be called

_____________ may be either basic, additive, or subtractive.

Counselors who consistently behave in accordance with their own values and perceptions are exhibiting the trait called_______________.

Counselors who fear rejection or fear closeness and affection may have difficulty developing ______________________ in the helping relationship.

The approach used by__________ is very effective for treating depression.

When a client directs toward the counselor feelings that were once attached to a significant other, ______________ takes place.

The __________ holds that individual are essentially good in nature, with a tendency toward growth and productivity.

Glasser’s Reality Therapy focuses on

Systematic desensitization is a technique whereby a client resolves irrational fears through gradual exposure to the fear-producing stimulus. It was first developed as a therapy technique by

Counselors need to pat attention not only to verbal nut also to nonverbal behaviour. They need to be aware that nonverbal

Carkhuff has developed scaled for measuring the core conditions for effective counseling. Which of the following is not one of the core conditions?

Particular counseling activities are usually associated with their primary proponents. For example, psychodrama is to Moreno as hot seat is to

26.	In adult development, mid-life is characterized by
A.	androgyny
B.	decline in intellectual functioning
C.	a sense of time running out
D.	peer pressure
Answer» C. a sense of time running out

27.	Piaget identifies four major stages of child development. Which of the following refers to the period during which the child develops the abilities to classify and seriate objects and to maintain relationships between objects despite their physical manipulation?
A.	formal operations
B.	concrete operations
C.	preoperational
D.	sesorimotor
Answer» B. concrete operations

28.	Which of the following describes Roger’s view of humanity?
A.	people are rational
B.	people are irresponsible
C.	people are inherently go
D.	people are externally controlled
Answer» C. people are inherently go

29.	According to Kohlberg’s theory of moral development,
A.	most fail to go beyond the conventional level
B.	moral development precedes logical development
C.	structure and content are synonymous
D.	society’s rules are superior to personal ethics
Answer» A. most fail to go beyond the conventional level

30.	Festinger is known for the concept of cognitive dissonance, He believes individuals
A.	cannot accept differences of opinion
B.	tend to change their attitudes irrationally
C.	seek consistency in cognitive structure
D.	reject discrepancies between the real and ideal
Answer» C. seek consistency in cognitive structure

31.	The first theorist to acknowledge continued development during adulthood was
A.	jung
B.	adler
C.	piaget
D.	loevinger
Answer» A. jung

32.	A childhood disturbance characterized, by withdrawal, a blurred sense of self, and obsessive self-stimulation (head banging, rocking, and so on) is known as
A.	infantile dementia
B.	hyperkinesis
C.	retardation
D.	autism
Answer» B. hyperkinesis

33.	According to Adler’s theory of individual psychology, when an individual’s real self and self-ideal do not match,
A.	the reality principle becomes evident
B.	the individual will seek ego gratification
C.	the preconventional level has been reached
D.	feeling of inferiority arise
Answer» D. feeling of inferiority arise

34.	As a new counselor in a community mental health center, you have been assigned to a client whose diagnosis is “anorexia nervosa”. You would expect the client to be
A.	male rather than female
B.	middle-aged rather than adolescent
C.	extroverted rather than introverted
D.	none of the above
Answer» D. none of the above

35.	Two theorists who believe human beings are motivated by needs are
A.	adler and allport
B.	maslow and rogers
C.	murray and maslow
D.	moreno and murray
Answer» C. murray and maslow