McqMate
| 1. |
The ego’s need for immediate gratification is known as the _____________ |
| A. | pleasure principle |
| B. | defense mechanism |
| C. | anxiety |
| D. | introversion |
| Answer» A. pleasure principle | |
| 2. |
_____________of behaviour is accomplished by rewarding successive approximations of the desired behaviour. |
| A. | shaping |
| B. | modeling |
| C. | counter conditioning |
| D. | token economy |
| Answer» A. shaping | |
| 3. |
An individual who has achieved __________ is happy, autonomous, and creative. |
| A. | constructive alternativism |
| B. | libido |
| C. | self-actualization |
| D. | reinforcement |
| Answer» C. self-actualization | |
| 4. |
According to Rogers, ___________from parents is necessary for children to develop healthy self- concepts. |
| A. | self-actualization |
| B. | contextual world view |
| C. | unconditional positive regard |
| D. | consequences |
| Answer» C. unconditional positive regard | |
| 5. |
A method of learning that involves the conditioning of new stimuli to existing responses is________________ |
| A. | counter conditioning |
| B. | extinction |
| C. | modeling |
| D. | classical conditioning |
| Answer» D. classical conditioning | |
| 6. |
Freud believed that human behaviour is primarily motivated by the psychosexual energy he called_______________. |
| A. | ego |
| B. | libido |
| C. | commitment |
| D. | none |
| Answer» B. libido | |
| 7. |
The unpleasantness of _________ motivates individuals to avoid or reduce inconsistencies in cognitive structure. |
| A. | life space |
| B. | cognitive dissonance |
| C. | self-actualization |
| D. | traits |
| Answer» B. cognitive dissonance | |
| 8. |
A counselor might use systematic desensitization to help reduce the ___________experienced by an agoraphobic client. |
| A. | anxiety |
| B. | depression |
| C. | psychosis |
| D. | mania |
| Answer» A. anxiety | |
| 9. |
In Jung’s theory, ______ is the tendency toward subjective functioning, with the self being of greatest importance |
| A. | introversion |
| B. | extraversion |
| C. | extinction |
| D. | shaping |
| Answer» A. introversion | |
| 10. |
Behaviour modification programs in schools or group homes often use _____________ to motivate participants. |
| A. | shaping |
| B. | token economy |
| C. | modeling |
| D. | conditioning |
| Answer» B. token economy | |
| 11. |
Through ____________ undesirable behaviour may be eliminated. |
| A. | counter conditioning |
| B. | extinction |
| C. | modeling |
| D. | reinforcement |
| Answer» B. extinction | |
| 12. |
Adler is related to : |
| A. | vicarious conditioning |
| B. | stage theory of development |
| C. | use of family constellation |
| D. | traits and values |
| Answer» C. use of family constellation | |
| 13. |
Allport is related to : |
| A. | vicarious conditioning, |
| B. | stage theory of development, |
| C. | use of family constellation, |
| D. | traits and values |
| Answer» D. traits and values | |
| 14. |
Bandura is related to : |
| A. | vicarious conditioning, |
| B. | stage theory of development, |
| C. | use of family constellation, |
| D. | traits and values |
| Answer» A. vicarious conditioning, | |
| 15. |
Cattell is related to : |
| A. | 16 personality factor, |
| B. | stage theory of development, |
| C. | use of family constellation, |
| D. | traits and values |
| Answer» A. 16 personality factor, | |
| 16. |
Erickson is related to : |
| A. | 16 personality factor, |
| B. | stage theory of development, |
| C. | use of family constellation, |
| D. | traits and values |
| Answer» B. stage theory of development, | |
| 17. |
Festinger is related to : |
| A. | 16 personality factor, |
| B. | stage theory of development, |
| C. | cognitive dissonance, |
| D. | id, ego, superego |
| Answer» C. cognitive dissonance, | |
| 18. |
Freud is related to : |
| A. | stage theory of development, |
| B. | cognitive dissonance, |
| C. | id, ego, superego |
| D. | introversion – extroversion |
| Answer» C. id, ego, superego | |
| 19. |
Jung is related to : |
| A. | introversion – extroversion, |
| B. | stage theory of development, |
| C. | cognitive dissonance, |
| D. | id, ego, superego |
| Answer» A. introversion – extroversion, | |
| 20. |
Social learning theory uses the concept of modeling to explain some aspect of human behavior. The concept that best explains how modeling works within this theory is |
| A. | primary reinforcement |
| B. | secondary reinforcement |
| C. | vicarious reinforcement |
| D. | intermittent reinforcement |
| Answer» C. vicarious reinforcement | |
| 21. |
Counselors who follow Maslow’s theory believe people’s behaviors are directed by |
| A. | oral gratification |
| B. | pleasure principle |
| C. | pleasing others |
| D. | need gratification |
| Answer» D. need gratification | |
| 22. |
Motivation and reinforcement may come from within a person or from sources external to the person. According to Rotter, people’s behaviour is determined by their belief that reinforcements are either internally or externally controlled. This concept is called |
| A. | locus of control |
| B. | reinforcement contingency |
| C. | goal orientation |
| D. | expectancy level |
| Answer» A. locus of control | |
| 23. |
A client who reverts to old behaviour patterns is said to be |
| A. | projecting |
| B. | compensating |
| C. | actualizing |
| D. | regressing |
| Answer» D. regressing | |
| 24. |
As a counselor in a community mental health centre, you receive a pay check every other Friday. This is an example of which reinforcement schedule? |
| A. | variable interval |
| B. | fixed interval |
| C. | variable ratio |
| D. | fixed ratio |
| Answer» B. fixed interval | |
| 25. |
Jung’s work forms the basis for many personality concepts of interest today. Among these are |
| A. | introversion-extroversion |
| B. | collective unconscious |
| C. | individuation |
| D. | all the above |
| Answer» D. all the above | |
| 26. |
In adult development, mid-life is characterized by |
| A. | androgyny |
| B. | decline in intellectual functioning |
| C. | a sense of time running out |
| D. | peer pressure |
| Answer» C. a sense of time running out | |
| 27. |
Piaget identifies four major stages of child development. Which of the following refers to the period during which the child develops the abilities to classify and seriate objects and to maintain relationships between objects despite their physical manipulation? |
| A. | formal operations |
| B. | concrete operations |
| C. | preoperational |
| D. | sesorimotor |
| Answer» B. concrete operations | |
| 28. |
Which of the following describes Roger’s view of humanity? |
| A. | people are rational |
| B. | people are irresponsible |
| C. | people are inherently go |
| D. | people are externally controlled |
| Answer» C. people are inherently go | |
| 29. |
According to Kohlberg’s theory of moral development, |
| A. | most fail to go beyond the conventional level |
| B. | moral development precedes logical development |
| C. | structure and content are synonymous |
| D. | society’s rules are superior to personal ethics |
| Answer» A. most fail to go beyond the conventional level | |
| 30. |
Festinger is known for the concept of cognitive dissonance, He believes individuals |
| A. | cannot accept differences of opinion |
| B. | tend to change their attitudes irrationally |
| C. | seek consistency in cognitive structure |
| D. | reject discrepancies between the real and ideal |
| Answer» C. seek consistency in cognitive structure | |
| 31. |
The first theorist to acknowledge continued development during adulthood was |
| A. | jung |
| B. | adler |
| C. | piaget |
| D. | loevinger |
| Answer» A. jung | |
| 32. |
A childhood disturbance characterized, by withdrawal, a blurred sense of self, and obsessive self-stimulation (head banging, rocking, and so on) is known as |
| A. | infantile dementia |
| B. | hyperkinesis |
| C. | retardation |
| D. | autism |
| Answer» B. hyperkinesis | |
| 33. |
According to Adler’s theory of individual psychology, when an individual’s real self and self-ideal do not match, |
| A. | the reality principle becomes evident |
| B. | the individual will seek ego gratification |
| C. | the preconventional level has been reached |
| D. | feeling of inferiority arise |
| Answer» D. feeling of inferiority arise | |
| 34. |
As a new counselor in a community mental health center, you have been assigned to a client whose diagnosis is “anorexia nervosa”. You would expect the client to be |
| A. | male rather than female |
| B. | middle-aged rather than adolescent |
| C. | extroverted rather than introverted |
| D. | none of the above |
| Answer» D. none of the above | |
| 35. |
Two theorists who believe human beings are motivated by needs are |
| A. | adler and allport |
| B. | maslow and rogers |
| C. | murray and maslow |
| D. | moreno and murray |
| Answer» C. murray and maslow | |
| 36. |
When working with clients, counselors need to be aware of defense mechanisms. Clients who refuse to take responsibility for their own actions or situations often attribute their unacceptable desires or impulses to others. This is an example of |
| A. | regression |
| B. | projection |
| C. | repression |
| D. | protection |
| Answer» B. projection | |
| 37. |
The term cardinal trait, used by Allport in his personality theory, means |
| A. | a dominant characteristic of the individual |
| B. | a “:red flag” for counselors |
| C. | a highly developed value system |
| D. | one of five or ten characteristics that best describe an individual |
| Answer» A. a dominant characteristic of the individual | |
| 38. |
A counselor whose methods are based on learning theory approaches treatment |
| A. | with an emphasis on rational thinking |
| B. | by focusing on emotional content |
| C. | from a behvaioural standpoint |
| D. | in a holistic manner |
| Answer» C. from a behvaioural standpoint | |
| 39. |
Lewin theorizes that an individual’s behaviour is a function of the personal and his or her psychological environment, or life space. This approach to human development may be called |
| A. | psychosocialogical |
| B. | phenomenological |
| C. | rational-emotive |
| D. | cognitive-behavioural |
| Answer» B. phenomenological | |
| 40. |
_____________ may be either basic, additive, or subtractive. |
| A. | positive regard |
| B. | attending |
| C. | consultation |
| D. | empathy |
| Answer» D. empathy | |
| 41. |
Counselors who consistently behave in accordance with their own values and perceptions are exhibiting the trait called_______________. |
| A. | empathy |
| B. | transference |
| C. | intimacy |
| D. | genuineness |
| Answer» D. genuineness | |
| 42. |
Counselors who fear rejection or fear closeness and affection may have difficulty developing ______________________ in the helping relationship. |
| A. | attending |
| B. | intimacy |
| C. | transference |
| D. | positive regard |
| Answer» B. intimacy | |
| 43. |
The approach used by__________ is very effective for treating depression. |
| A. | adler |
| B. | beck |
| C. | freud |
| D. | jung |
| Answer» B. beck | |
| 44. |
When a client directs toward the counselor feelings that were once attached to a significant other, ______________ takes place. |
| A. | reflection |
| B. | libido |
| C. | transference |
| D. | trustworthiness |
| Answer» C. transference | |
| 45. |
The __________ holds that individual are essentially good in nature, with a tendency toward growth and productivity. |
| A. | humanistic |
| B. | behavioristic |
| C. | client-centered view |
| D. | neo-freudian |
| Answer» C. client-centered view | |
| 46. |
Glasser’s Reality Therapy focuses on |
| A. | cognitions |
| B. | being |
| C. | actualization |
| D. | identity |
| Answer» D. identity | |
| 47. |
Systematic desensitization is a technique whereby a client resolves irrational fears through gradual exposure to the fear-producing stimulus. It was first developed as a therapy technique by |
| A. | rogers |
| B. | wolpe |
| C. | freud |
| D. | bandura |
| Answer» B. wolpe | |
| 48. |
Counselors need to pat attention not only to verbal nut also to nonverbal behaviour. They need to be aware that nonverbal |
| A. | represent the client’s rational state |
| B. | accent and/or contradict verbals |
| C. | are identical across cultures |
| D. | are valid only when they support verbals |
| Answer» B. accent and/or contradict verbals | |
| 49. |
Carkhuff has developed scaled for measuring the core conditions for effective counseling. Which of the following is not one of the core conditions? |
| A. | empathy |
| B. | respect |
| C. | insight |
| D. | genuineness |
| Answer» C. insight | |
| 50. |
Particular counseling activities are usually associated with their primary proponents. For example, psychodrama is to Moreno as hot seat is to |
| A. | freud |
| B. | glasser |
| C. | adler |
| D. | perls |
| Answer» D. perls | |
| 51. |
Some counseling techniques are appropriate for individual counseling, while others apply more to group counseling. Which of the following counselor skills applied to individual as well as group counseling? |
| A. | summarizing |
| B. | consensus taking |
| C. | moderating |
| D. | linking |
| Answer» A. summarizing | |
| 52. |
The counseling profession is based upon some general philosophical propositions. Which of these is not one of them? |
| A. | counseling aims to promote human growth and development |
| B. | counseling considers physical as well as psychosocial environment. |
| C. | counseling facilitates person-environment fit. |
| D. | counseling is a clearly defined helping relationship. |
| Answer» D. counseling is a clearly defined helping relationship. | |
| 53. |
Which counselor intervention most closely follows client verbalizations? |
| A. | reflection of feeling |
| B. | confrontation |
| C. | restatement of content |
| D. | positive regard |
| Answer» C. restatement of content | |
| 54. |
Which of these is not one of the core elements of the helping relationship? |
| A. | psychodynamics |
| B. | theory |
| C. | social influence |
| D. | human relations |
| Answer» A. psychodynamics | |
| 55. |
Maslow believes that individuals are unable to reach self-actualization until they |
| A. | face reality |
| B. | identify irrational beliefs |
| C. | satisfy lower order needs |
| D. | resolve transference issues |
| Answer» C. satisfy lower order needs | |
| 56. |
Counselors who choose their approach and techniques according to the needs and capacity of each individual client are said to be |
| A. | humanistic |
| B. | affective |
| C. | cognitive |
| D. | eclectic |
| Answer» D. eclectic | |
| 57. |
The “mediator” is an important dimension of which type of consultation? |
| A. | mental health |
| B. | triadic |
| C. | process |
| D. | behavioural |
| Answer» B. triadic | |
| 58. |
When a counselor’s response includes congruent ideas and feelings from another frame of reference to facilitate client exploration, Ivey would say the counselor is using |
| A. | basic empathy |
| B. | reflection of meaning |
| C. | additive empathy |
| D. | skill integration |
| Answer» C. additive empathy | |
| 59. |
“Empty chair” is a group technique used by which type of group counselor? |
| A. | gestalt |
| B. | behavioural |
| C. | transactional analysis |
| D. | adlerian |
| Answer» A. gestalt | |
| 60. |
Johari’s window is a technique used to indicate differences in. |
| A. | cohesion |
| B. | orientation |
| C. | openness |
| D. | behaviour |
| Answer» C. openness | |
| 61. |
Which type of group counselor views people as basically positive and moving toward actualization? |
| A. | behavioural |
| B. | group centered |
| C. | adlerian |
| D. | psychoanalytic |
| Answer» B. group centered | |
| 62. |
Oral or written behavioural agreements in groups counseling are referred to as |
| A. | trust |
| B. | issue |
| C. | contracts |
| D. | conclusions |
| Answer» C. contracts | |
| 63. |
Brainstorming is a process used by groups for problem solving. Which of these is not a characteristic of brain storming? |
| A. | there is a time limit |
| B. | ideas are critically evaluated |
| C. | quantity of ideas is foremost |
| D. | creativity overrides practicality |
| Answer» A. there is a time limit | |
| 64. |
In rational-emotive and cognitive- behavioural therapy groups the focus is more on thoughts than on feelings. These techniques help people become aware of their |
| A. | self-denial |
| B. | defenses |
| C. | self-talk |
| D. | depression |
| Answer» C. self-talk | |
| 65. |
Self-disclosure involves |
| A. | “war stories” |
| B. | sharing self-knowledge with the group |
| C. | dumping negative feelings on the group |
| D. | “letting it all hang out” |
| Answer» B. sharing self-knowledge with the group | |
| 66. |
When a group member projects feelings deriving from past relationship onto the therapist, it is called |
| A. | counter transference |
| B. | transference |
| C. | reframing |
| D. | confrontation |
| Answer» B. transference | |
| 67. |
Confidentiality may be breached by a counselor |
| A. | when ordered by the court |
| B. | when a member is no longer part of the group |
| C. | to the parents or spouse of the group members |
| D. | under no circumstances |
| Answer» A. when ordered by the court | |
| 68. |
Role playing is an effective technique used in group counselling. Which of the following is not a benefit of role playing? |
| A. | practicing new skills |
| B. | identifying effective and in effective behaviors |
| C. | escaping from being oneself |
| D. | preparing for real-life situations |
| Answer» C. escaping from being oneself | |
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