McqMate
These multiple-choice questions (MCQs) are designed to enhance your knowledge and understanding in the following areas: Bachelor of Science in Counselling Psychology (BSc Counselling Psychology) .
| 1. |
The ego’s need for immediate gratification is known as the ____________. |
| A. | pleasure principle |
| B. | defense mechanism |
| C. | anxiety |
| D. | introversion |
| Answer» A. pleasure principle | |
| 2. |
_____________of behaviour is accomplished by rewarding successive approximations of the desired behaviour. |
| A. | shaping |
| B. | modeling |
| C. | counter conditioning |
| D. | token economy |
| Answer» A. shaping | |
| 3. |
An individual who has achieved ___________ is happy, autonomous, and creative. |
| A. | constructive alternativism |
| B. | libido |
| C. | self-actualization |
| D. | reinforcement |
| Answer» C. self-actualization | |
| 4. |
According to Rogers, _____________ from parents is necessary for children to develop healthy self- concepts. |
| A. | self-actualization |
| B. | contextual world view |
| C. | unconditional positive regard |
| D. | consequences |
| Answer» C. unconditional positive regard | |
| 5. |
A method of learning that involves the conditioning of new stimuli to existing responses is________________ |
| A. | counter conditioning |
| B. | extinction |
| C. | modeling |
| D. | classical conditioning |
| Answer» D. classical conditioning | |
| 6. |
In behaviour modification, use continuous______________. |
| A. | shaping |
| B. | consequences |
| C. | extinction |
| D. | reinforcement |
| Answer» D. reinforcement | |
| 7. |
Freud believed that human behaviour is primarily motivated by the psychosexual energy he called__________________. |
| A. | ego |
| B. | libido |
| C. | commitment |
| D. | none |
| Answer» B. libido | |
| 8. |
The unpleasantness of ______________ motivates individuals to avoid or reduce inconsistencies in cognitive structure. |
| A. | life space |
| B. | cognitive dissonance |
| C. | self-actualization |
| D. | traits |
| Answer» B. cognitive dissonance | |
| 9. |
A counselor might use systematic desensitization to help reduce the ________________ experienced by an agoraphobic client. |
| A. | anxiety |
| B. | depression |
| C. | psychosis |
| D. | mania |
| Answer» A. anxiety | |
| 10. |
In Jung’s theory, _____________________is the tendency toward subjective functioning, with the self being of greatest importance |
| A. | introversion |
| B. | extraversion |
| C. | extinction |
| D. | shaping |
| Answer» A. introversion | |
| 11. |
Behaviour modification programs in schools or group homes often use ___________________ to motivate participants. |
| A. | shaping |
| B. | token economy |
| C. | modeling |
| D. | conditioning |
| Answer» B. token economy | |
| 12. |
Through ________________________________undesirable behaviour may be eliminated. |
| A. | counter conditioning |
| B. | extinction |
| C. | modeling |
| D. | reinforcement |
| Answer» B. extinction | |
| 13. |
Social learning theory uses the concept of modeling to explain some aspect of human behavior. The concept that best explains how modeling works within this theory is |
| A. | primary reinforcement |
| B. | secondary reinforcement |
| C. | vicarious reinforcement |
| D. | intermittent reinforcement |
| Answer» C. vicarious reinforcement | |
| 14. |
Counselors who follow Maslow’s theory believe people’s behaviors are directed by |
| A. | oral gratification |
| B. | pleasure principle |
| C. | pleasing others |
| D. | need gratification |
| Answer» D. need gratification | |
| 15. |
Motivation and reinforcement may come from within a person or from sources external to the person. According to Rotter, people’s behaviour is determined by their belief that reinforcements are either internally or externally controlled. This concept is called |
| A. | locus of control |
| B. | reinforcement contingency |
| C. | goal orientation |
| D. | expectancy level |
| Answer» A. locus of control | |
| 16. |
A client who reverts to old behaviour patterns is said to be |
| A. | projecting |
| B. | compensating |
| C. | actualizing |
| D. | regressing |
| Answer» D. regressing | |
| 17. |
As a counselor in a community mental health centre, you receive a pay check every other Friday. This is an example of which reinforcement schedule? |
| A. | variable interval |
| B. | fixed interval |
| C. | variable ratio |
| D. | fixed ratio |
| Answer» B. fixed interval | |
| 18. |
Jung’s work forms the basis for many personality concepts of interest today. Among these are |
| A. | introversion-extroversion |
| B. | collective unconscious |
| C. | individuation |
| D. | all the above |
| Answer» D. all the above | |
| 19. |
In adult development, mid-life is characterized by |
| A. | androgyny |
| B. | decline in intellectual functioning |
| C. | a sense of time running out |
| D. | peer pressure |
| Answer» C. a sense of time running out | |
| 20. |
Piaget identifies four major stages of child development. Which of the following refers to the period during which the child develops the abilities to classify and seriate objects and to maintain relationships between objects despite their physical manipulation? |
| A. | formal operations |
| B. | concrete operations |
| C. | preoperational |
| D. | sesorimotor |
| Answer» B. concrete operations | |
| 21. |
Which of the following describes Roger’s view of humanity? |
| A. | people are rational |
| B. | people are irresponsible |
| C. | people are inherently go |
| D. | people are externally controlled |
| Answer» C. people are inherently go | |
| 22. |
According to Kohlberg’s theory of moral development, |
| A. | most fail to go beyond the conventional level |
| B. | moral development precedes logical development |
| C. | structure and content are synonymous |
| D. | society’s rules are superior to personal ethics |
| Answer» A. most fail to go beyond the conventional level | |
| 23. |
Festinger is known for the concept of cognitive dissonance, He believes individuals |
| A. | cannot accept differences of opinion |
| B. | tend to change their attitudes irrationally |
| C. | seek consistency in cognitive structure |
| D. | reject discrepancies between the real and ideal |
| Answer» C. seek consistency in cognitive structure | |
| 24. |
The first theorist to acknowledge continued development during adulthood was |
| A. | jung |
| B. | adler |
| C. | piaget |
| D. | loevinger |
| Answer» A. jung | |
| 25. |
A childhood disturbance characterized, by withdrawal, a blurred sense of self, and obsessive self-stimulation (head banging, rocking, and so on) is known as |
| A. | infantile dementia |
| B. | hyperkinesis |
| C. | retardation |
| D. | autism |
| Answer» B. hyperkinesis | |
| 26. |
According to Adler’s theory of individual psychology, when an individual’s real self and self-ideal do not match, |
| A. | the reality principle becomes evident |
| B. | the individual will seek ego gratification |
| C. | the preconventional level has been reached |
| D. | feeling of inferiority arise |
| Answer» D. feeling of inferiority arise | |
| 27. |
As a new counselor in a community mental health center, you have been assigned to a client whose diagnosis is “anorexia nervosa”. You would expect the client to be |
| A. | male rather than female |
| B. | middle-aged rather than adolescent |
| C. | extroverted rather than introverted |
| D. | none of the above |
| Answer» D. none of the above | |
| 28. |
Two theorists who believe human beings are motivated by needs are |
| A. | adler and allport |
| B. | maslow and rogers |
| C. | murray and maslow |
| D. | moreno and murray |
| Answer» C. murray and maslow | |
| 29. |
When working with clients, counselors need to be aware of defense mechanisms. Clients who refuse to take responsibility for their own actions or situations often attribute their unacceptable desires or impulses to others. This is an example of |
| A. | regression |
| B. | projection school of distance education |
| C. | repression |
| D. | protection |
| Answer» B. projection school of distance education | |
| 30. |
The term cardinal trait, used by Allport in his personality theory, means |
| A. | a dominant characteristic of the individual |
| B. | a “:red flag” for counselors |
| C. | a highly developed value system |
| D. | one of five or ten characteristics that best describe an individual |
| Answer» A. a dominant characteristic of the individual | |
| 31. |
A counselor whose methods are based on learning theory approaches treatment |
| A. | with an emphasis on rational thinking |
| B. | by focusing on emotional content |
| C. | from a behvaioural standpoint |
| D. | in a holistic manner |
| Answer» C. from a behvaioural standpoint | |
| 32. |
Lewin theorizes that an individual’s behaviour is a function of the personal and his or her psychological environment, or life space. This approach to human development may be called |
| A. | psychosocialogical |
| B. | phenomenological |
| C. | rational-emotive |
| D. | cognitive-behavioural |
| Answer» B. phenomenological | |
| 33. |
_______________________ may be either basic, additive, or subtractive. |
| A. | positive regard |
| B. | attending |
| C. | consultation |
| D. | empathy |
| Answer» D. empathy | |
| 34. |
Counselors who fear rejection or fear closeness and affection may have difficulty developing ________________ in the helping relationship. |
| A. | attending |
| B. | intimacy |
| C. | transference |
| D. | positive regard |
| Answer» B. intimacy | |
| 35. |
The approach used by_________________________________________-is very effective for treating depression. |
| A. | adler |
| B. | beck |
| C. | freud |
| D. | jung |
| Answer» B. beck | |
| 36. |
When a client directs toward the counselor feelings that were once attached to a significant other, ________________________ takes place. |
| A. | reflection |
| B. | libido |
| C. | transference |
| D. | trustworthiness |
| Answer» C. transference | |
| 37. |
The _______________ holds that individual are essentially good in nature, with a tendency toward growth and productivity. |
| A. | humanistic |
| B. | behavioristic |
| C. | client-centered view |
| D. | neo-freudian |
| Answer» C. client-centered view | |
| 38. |
Glasser’s Reality Therapy focuses on |
| A. | cognitions |
| B. | being |
| C. | actualization |
| D. | identity |
| Answer» D. identity | |
| 39. |
Systematic desensitization is a technique whereby a client resolves irrational fears through gradual exposure to the fear-producing stimulus. It was first developed as a therapy technique by |
| A. | rogers |
| B. | wolpe |
| C. | freud |
| D. | bandura |
| Answer» B. wolpe | |
| 40. |
Counselors need to pat attention not only to verbal nut also to nonverbal behaviour. They need to be aware that nonverbal |
| A. | represent the client’s rational state |
| B. | accent and/or contradict verbals |
| C. | are identical across cultures |
| D. | are valid only when they support verbals |
| Answer» B. accent and/or contradict verbals | |
| 41. |
Carkhuff has developed scaled for measuring the core conditions for effective counseling. Which of the following is not one of the core conditions? |
| A. | empathy |
| B. | respect |
| C. | insight |
| D. | genuineness |
| Answer» C. insight | |
| 42. |
Particular counseling activities are usually associated with their primary proponents. For example, psychodrama is to Moreno as hot seat is to |
| A. | freud |
| B. | glasser |
| C. | adler |
| D. | perls |
| Answer» D. perls | |
| 43. |
Some counseling techniques are appropriate for individual counseling, while others apply more to group counseling. Which of the following counselor skills applied to individual as well as group counseling? |
| A. | summarizing |
| B. | consensus taking |
| C. | moderating |
| D. | linking |
| Answer» A. summarizing | |
| 44. |
Which counselor intervention most closely follows client verbalizations? |
| A. | reflection of feeling |
| B. | confrontation |
| C. | restatement of content |
| D. | positive regard |
| Answer» C. restatement of content | |
| 45. |
Which of these is not one of the core elements of the helping relationship? |
| A. | psychodynamics |
| B. | theory |
| C. | social influence |
| D. | human relations |
| Answer» A. psychodynamics | |
| 46. |
Maslow believes that individuals are unable to reach self-actualization until they |
| A. | face reality |
| B. | identify irrational beliefs |
| C. | satisfy lower order needs |
| D. | resolve transference issues |
| Answer» C. satisfy lower order needs | |
| 47. |
Counselors who choose their approach and techniques according to the needs and capacity of each individual client are said to be |
| A. | humanistic |
| B. | affective |
| C. | cognitive |
| D. | eclectic |
| Answer» D. eclectic | |
| 48. |
The “mediator” is an important dimension of which type of consultation? |
| A. | mental health |
| B. | triadic |
| C. | process |
| D. | behavioural |
| Answer» B. triadic | |
| 49. |
When a counselor’s response includes congruent ideas and feelings from another frame of reference to facilitate client exploration, Ivey would say the counselor is using |
| A. | basic empathy |
| B. | reflection of meaning |
| C. | additive empathy |
| D. | skill integration |
| Answer» C. additive empathy | |
| 50. |
“Empty chair” is a group technique used by which type of group counselor? |
| A. | gestalt |
| B. | behavioural |
| C. | transactional analysis |
| D. | adlerian |
| Answer» A. gestalt | |
Done Studing? Take A Test.
Great job completing your study session! Now it's time to put your knowledge to the test. Challenge yourself, see how much you've learned, and identify areas for improvement. Don’t worry, this is all part of the journey to mastery. Ready for the next step? Take a quiz to solidify what you've just studied.