McqMate
These multiple-choice questions (MCQs) are designed to enhance your knowledge and understanding in the following areas: Bachelor of Science in Counselling Psychology (BSc Counselling Psychology) .
| 1. |
__________ is best known for his research on conformity |
| A. | asch |
| B. | rubin |
| C. | schachter |
| D. | zimbardo |
| Answer» A. asch | |
| 2. |
During the Stanford Prison study, |
| A. | guards did not take their roles seriously |
| B. | guards readily assumed their roles as agents of force |
| C. | the prisoners and the guards quickly became friendly towards one another |
| D. | three prisoners were so severely beaten they had to be hospitalized |
| Answer» B. guards readily assumed their roles as agents of force | |
| 3. |
During research in a simulated prison situation |
| A. | three prisoners were so severely beaten they had to be hospitalized |
| B. | guards did not take their roles seriously |
| C. | prisoners quickly became passive and dehumanized |
| D. | the prisoners and the guards quickly became friendly towards one another |
| Answer» C. prisoners quickly became passive and dehumanized | |
| 4. |
The degree of attraction among group members relates to the dimension of |
| A. | compatibility |
| B. | structure |
| C. | cohesiveness |
| D. | conformity |
| Answer» C. cohesiveness | |
| 5. |
You are walking into a store when a man rudely cuts in front of you, almost shoving you, so that he may enter the store first. "What a jerk!" you think to yourself. As you enter the store, you see the same man performing an emergency tracheotomy on a women with a collapsed windpipe. You have just |
| A. | discounted a person\s actions due to situational demands |
| B. | self-handicapped |
| C. | overemphasized the object in this action sequence |
| D. | made the fundamental attribution error |
| Answer» D. made the fundamental attribution error | |
| 6. |
According to evolutionary psychologists, |
| A. | women tend to be concerned with whether mates will devote time and resources to a relationship. |
| B. | men place less emphasis on physical attractiveness |
| C. | women place more emphasis on sexual fidelity |
| D. | men are biologically driven to have multiple partners |
| Answer» A. women tend to be concerned with whether mates will devote time and resources to a relationship. | |
| 7. |
Which statement about physical attractiveness is FALSE? |
| A. | beauty is a factor mainly in initial acquaintances |
| B. | looks are less related to dating frequency for men than for women |
| C. | for men, there is little relationship between attractiveness and the achievement of status |
| D. | for marriage partners there is a tendency for attractive men to be paired with highly educated women with high incomes |
| Answer» D. for marriage partners there is a tendency for attractive men to be paired with highly educated women with high incomes | |
| 8. |
Moderate self-disclosure typically leads to |
| A. | competence matching |
| B. | rejection |
| C. | romantic attraction |
| D. | reciprocity |
| Answer» D. reciprocity | |
| 9. |
When subjects in Milgram's obedience experiments received their orders over the phone, they |
| A. | conformed more completely due to the formality of the telephoned instructions |
| B. | completely refused to participate |
| C. | were only slightly more obedient than they were in face-to-face conditions |
| D. | were far less obedient |
| Answer» D. were far less obedient | |
| 10. |
Solomon Asch's classic experiment (in which subjects judged a standard line and comparison lines) was arranged to test the limits of |
| A. | social perception |
| B. | indoctrination |
| C. | coercive power |
| D. | conformity |
| Answer» D. conformity | |
| 11. |
The person who agrees to a small request initially is more likely later to comply with a larger demand. This describes the |
| A. | door-in-the-face-effect |
| B. | foot-in-the-door effect |
| C. | low-ball technique |
| D. | high-ball technique |
| Answer» B. foot-in-the-door effect | |
| 12. |
For most American adults, an invisible spatial envelope defining their most intimate space |
| A. | extends four feet from their body |
| B. | extends an "arm\s reach" from their body |
| C. | is reserved for comfortable interactions with friends |
| D. | extends about 18 inches out from their body |
| Answer» D. extends about 18 inches out from their body | |
| 13. |
Which theory holds that a relationship must be profitable to endure? |
| A. | complementary need theory |
| B. | social exchange theory |
| C. | gain-loss theory |
| D. | social comparison theory |
| Answer» B. social exchange theory | |
| 14. |
__________ attachment style is marked by conflicting feelings of affection, anger, and emotional turmoil |
| A. | mutual |
| B. | secure |
| C. | avoidant |
| D. | ambivalent |
| Answer» D. ambivalent | |
| 15. |
Zimbardo interpreted the results of his simulated prison study as an indication of the |
| A. | powerful influence of roles on people |
| B. | tendency to show compassion to people in need |
| C. | weakness of social pressure in some situations |
| D. | tendency to displace aggression |
| Answer» A. powerful influence of roles on people | |
| 16. |
Subjects in Milgram's experiment who gave large shocks rationalized that they were NOT personally responsible for their actions. This raises questions about our willingness to commit inhumane acts as a result of |
| A. | coercive power |
| B. | obedience to a legitimate authority |
| C. | expert power |
| D. | conformity to group pressure |
| Answer» B. obedience to a legitimate authority | |
| 17. |
The process of changing your behavior to match that of others in a group is |
| A. | norming |
| B. | forming a social contract |
| C. | conformity |
| D. | standardization |
| Answer» C. conformity | |
| 18. |
If everyone leaves five minutes before the game is over to avoid a traffic jam, the resulting traffic jam would be an example of |
| A. | social impregnation |
| B. | a social trap |
| C. | groupthink |
| D. | self-handicapping |
| Answer» B. a social trap | |
| 19. |
People's invisible "spatial envelope" defines their __________, and extends "I" or "me" boundaries past the skin |
| A. | spatial role |
| B. | personal space |
| C. | ego location |
| D. | proximal location |
| Answer» B. personal space | |
| 20. |
Physical proximity increases attraction because it |
| A. | increases frequency of contact |
| B. | enhances social comparisons |
| C. | establishes common norms |
| D. | reduces development of incompatible roles |
| Answer» A. increases frequency of contact | |
| 21. |
The study of unspoken rules for the use of interpersonal space is called |
| A. | kinesics |
| B. | psychoecology |
| C. | proxemics |
| D. | territoriality |
| Answer» C. proxemics | |
| 22. |
Someone asks you to bring dip to a party and you agree. Later the person asks you to also bring popcorn, chips, and sodas. The person has used which compliance strategy? |
| A. | the low-ball technique |
| B. | the over-commitment strategy |
| C. | the whole-part technique |
| D. | the passive obedience method |
| Answer» A. the low-ball technique | |
| 23. |
The real danger of "groupthink" is that it |
| A. | is contagious |
| B. | occurs in cohesive groups |
| C. | disrupts coordinated efforts at group problem solving |
| D. | leads to a suspension of critical thinking |
| Answer» D. leads to a suspension of critical thinking | |
| 24. |
The organization of roles, patterns of communication, and power in a group defines the group's |
| A. | status |
| B. | structure |
| C. | cohesiveness |
| D. | norms |
| Answer» B. structure | |
| 25. |
Those roles which one attains voluntarily are called |
| A. | ascribed roles |
| B. | achieved roles |
| C. | positions |
| D. | social selves |
| Answer» B. achieved roles | |
| 26. |
Social traps can be dismantled by changing |
| A. | rewards and costs |
| B. | supply and demand |
| C. | compliance and assertiveness |
| D. | the tendency toward groupthink |
| Answer» A. rewards and costs | |
| 27. |
A learned disposition to respond to people, objects, or institutions in a positive or negative way defines |
| A. | cognitive dissonance |
| B. | socialization |
| C. | attitudes |
| D. | stereotypes |
| Answer» C. attitudes | |
| 28. |
In general, helping behavior in emergency situations is discouraged by |
| A. | the presence of a large number of persons |
| B. | low costs associated with helping |
| C. | smaller social distance between the helper and the victim |
| D. | fear of cognitive dissonance |
| Answer» A. the presence of a large number of persons | |
| 29. |
When a person with little or no authority makes a direct request to another person, the situation involves |
| A. | compliance |
| B. | obedience |
| C. | coercion |
| D. | conformity |
| Answer» A. compliance | |
| 30. |
The fact that physically attractive people also tend to be rated more highly on traits such as intelligence and honesty is an example of |
| A. | social magnetism |
| B. | role modeling |
| C. | social comparisons |
| D. | the halo effect |
| Answer» D. the halo effect | |
| 31. |
Negative attitudes that are tinged with fear, hatred, or suspicion is a definition of |
| A. | prejudice |
| B. | authoritarianism |
| C. | discrimination |
| D. | displaced aggression |
| Answer» A. prejudice | |
| 32. |
Interpersonal attraction is encouraged by which one of the following? |
| A. | personal space |
| B. | proxemics |
| C. | competition |
| D. | similarity |
| Answer» D. similarity | |
| 33. |
Janis recommends ways to prevent groupthink, which include |
| A. | focusing on subjective evaluation and interpretation |
| B. | having the leader state personal preferences before discussion |
| C. | focusing on the decision, as opposed to the process |
| D. | encouraging someone to play devil\s advocate |
| Answer» D. encouraging someone to play devil\s advocate | |
| 34. |
In an experiment in which a "student" simulated a seizure, helping was inhibited by |
| A. | conditions employing smaller groups |
| B. | diffusion of responsibility |
| C. | group discussion |
| D. | reference cognitive dissonance |
| Answer» B. diffusion of responsibility | |
| 35. |
Sharing your own private thoughts and feelings is called |
| A. | self-talk |
| B. | autonomy |
| C. | self-disclosure |
| D. | introspection |
| Answer» C. self-disclosure | |
| 36. |
Which of the following was a significant factor in determining the degree of obedience in Milgram's series of experiments? |
| A. | the tone of voice used by the experimenter |
| B. | whether the experimenter was male or female |
| C. | amount of complaining, shouting, and crying by the learner |
| D. | the setting in which the experiment was conducted |
| Answer» D. the setting in which the experiment was conducted | |
| 37. |
You do not want a large, unattractive political sign in your yard. However, if you initially agree to put a small sign in your window, later you are more likely to allow the large sign in your yard. This course of events is described by the |
| A. | foot-in-the-face technique |
| B. | low-ball technique |
| C. | door-in-the-face effect |
| D. | foot-in-the-door effect |
| Answer» D. foot-in-the-door effect | |
| 38. |
In his classic studies of conformity, Asch demonstrated that |
| A. | size of the majority does not influence how many people will conform |
| B. | a majority of one produces about as much conformity as a majority of eight |
| C. | lack of unanimity greatly reduces the pressure to conform |
| D. | obedience to authority was determined by the authority\s perceived referent power |
| Answer» C. lack of unanimity greatly reduces the pressure to conform | |
| 39. |
Expected behavior patterns associated with particular social positions are called |
| A. | roles |
| B. | culture |
| C. | stereotypes |
| D. | mannerisms |
| Answer» A. roles | |
| 40. |
As part of an experiment, two young women stroll down a busy sidewalk with their arms around each other. They get a variety of reactions from passersby, including disapproving looks and comments. These reactions demonstrate the existence of |
| A. | norms |
| B. | ascribed roles |
| C. | group structures |
| D. | achieved roles |
| Answer» A. norms | |
| 41. |
How individuals are affected by the presence of others is the focus of study in the field of |
| A. | sociology |
| B. | social psychology |
| C. | experimental psychology |
| D. | sociobiology |
| Answer» B. social psychology | |
| 42. |
Groups reward members with __________ and __________ for comformity. |
| A. | unanimity; power |
| B. | power; authority |
| C. | legitimacy; power |
| D. | approval; acceptance |
| Answer» D. approval; acceptance | |
| 43. |
Stanley Milgram's experiment in which a "teacher" gave shocks to a "learner" was designed to test the limits of |
| A. | expert power |
| B. | coercive power |
| C. | obedience |
| D. | conformity to a majority |
| Answer» C. obedience | |
| 44. |
Milgram's shock study showed people to be surprisingly |
| A. | rebellious |
| B. | intelligent |
| C. | sexist |
| D. | obedient |
| Answer» D. obedient | |
| 45. |
A reference group is |
| A. | one with which a person has face-to-face contact |
| B. | any group in which one plays an active role or has membership |
| C. | any group outside one\s social distance boundaries |
| D. | any group whose values and attitudes are seen as relevant to one\s own |
| Answer» D. any group whose values and attitudes are seen as relevant to one\s own | |
| 46. |
Studies of conformity indicate that people are more apt to be influenced by others if they |
| A. | are concerned about the approval of others |
| B. | have low needs for certainty and structure |
| C. | are in temporary rather than established groups |
| D. | are in very large groups |
| Answer» A. are concerned about the approval of others | |
| 47. |
In-group bias is the |
| A. | tendency to favor one\s group and see this group as correct |
| B. | tendency to see other members of a group as similar |
| C. | tendency to perform worse when others are watching |
| D. | tendency to conform to the social harmony of a group |
| Answer» A. tendency to favor one\s group and see this group as correct | |
| 48. |
People who are less likely to help someone because there are a lot of people present would be exhibiting: |
| A. | groupthink |
| B. | group polarization |
| C. | diffusion of responsibility |
| D. | mere exposure effect |
| Answer» C. diffusion of responsibility | |
| 49. |
If you have a friend who is reluctant to help you clean your entire room, you maybe successful through asking him to simply help you move one item in your room. this approach is referred to as: |
| A. | cognitive dissonance |
| B. | altruism |
| C. | foot-in-the-door |
| D. | door-in-the-foot |
| Answer» C. foot-in-the-door | |
| 50. |
Which of these is not a principle of great man theory? |
| A. | leaders are born not made. |
| B. | great men rise up in times of crisis |
| C. | we can learn from the biographies of great leaders |
| D. | a great leader is only great in certain situations |
| Answer» D. a great leader is only great in certain situations | |
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