| 1. |
We review the relevant literature to know: |
| A. | what is already known about the topic |
| B. | what concepts and theories have been applied to the topic |
| C. | who are the key contributors to the topic |
| D. | all of the above |
| Answer» D. all of the above | |
| 2. |
A deductive theory is one that: |
| A. | allows theory to emerge out of the data |
| B. | involves testing an explicitly defined hypothesis |
| C. | allows for findings to feed back into the stock of knowledge |
| D. | uses qualitative methods whenever possible |
| Answer» B. involves testing an explicitly defined hypothesis | |
| 3. |
What does 'sampling cases' mean? |
| A. | sampling using a sampling frame |
| B. | identifying people who are suitable for research |
| C. | literally, the researcher\s brief-case |
| D. | sampling people, newspapers, television programmes etc. |
| Answer» D. sampling people, newspapers, television programmes etc. | |
| 4. |
Which of the following is not a data-collection method? |
| A. | research questions |
| B. | unstructured interviewing |
| C. | postal survey questionnaires |
| D. | participant observation |
| Answer» A. research questions | |
| 5. |
Why is data analysis concerned with data reduction? |
| A. | because far too much data is collected than is required |
| B. | because we need to make sense of the data |
| C. | because of the repetitions in answers to questionnaires |
| D. | because the sample size has been exceeded |
| Answer» B. because we need to make sense of the data | |
| 6. |
The core ingredients of a dissertation are: |
| A. | introduction; data collection; data analysis; conclusions and recommendations. |
| B. | executive summary; literature review; data gathered; conclusions; bibliography. |
| C. | research plan; research data; analysis; references. |
| D. | introduction; literature review; research methods; results; discussion; conclusion. |
| Answer» D. introduction; literature review; research methods; results; discussion; conclusion. | |
| 7. |
Which of the following is a component of ethnographic research? |
| A. | being immersed in a social group or setting |
| B. | participant observation, interviews, and/or documentary analysis |
| C. | a written account of an ethnographic study |
| D. | all of the above |
| Answer» D. all of the above | |
| 8. |
What is a key informant? |
| A. | a group member who helps the ethnographer gain access to relevant people/events |
| B. | a senior level member of the organisation who refuses to allow researchers into it |
| C. | a participant who appears to be helpful but then blows the researcher\s cover |
| D. | someone who cuts keys to help the ethnographer gain access to a building |
| Answer» A. a group member who helps the ethnographer gain access to relevant people/events | |
| 9. |
What is the name of the role adopted by an ethnographer who joins in with the group's activities but admits to being a researcher? |
| A. | complete participant |
| B. | participant-as-observer |
| C. | observer-as-participant |
| D. | complete observer |
| Answer» B. participant-as-observer | |
| 10. |
Is it okay to break the law in order to maintain a "cover"? |
| A. | yes, provided it is not very serious |
| B. | no, never under any circumstances |
| C. | yes, because otherwise data on criminal activity would never come to light |
| D. | yes, provided it doesn\t cause physical harm to someone |
| Answer» B. no, never under any circumstances | |
| 11. |
What is the difference between "scratch notes" and "full field notes"? |
| A. | scratch notes are just key words and phrases, rather than lengthy descriptions |
| B. | full field notes are quicker and easier to write than scratch notes |
| C. | scratch notes are written at the end of the day rather than during key events |
| D. | full field notes do not involve the researcher scratching their head while thinking |
| Answer» A. scratch notes are just key words and phrases, rather than lengthy descriptions | |
| 12. |
What are the two main types of data that can be used in visual ethnography? |
| A. | positivist and interpretivist |
| B. | qualitative and quantitative |
| C. | nominal and ordinal |
| D. | extant and research-driven |
| Answer» D. extant and research-driven | |
| 13. |
Which of the following makes qualitative interviewing distinct from structured interviewing? |
| A. | the procedure is less standardized |
| B. | "rambling" off the topic is not a problem |
| C. | the researcher seeks rich, detailed answers |
| D. | all of the above |
| Answer» D. all of the above | |
| 14. |
Which of the following is not a type of qualitative interview? |
| A. | unstructured interview |
| B. | oral history interview |
| C. | structured interview |
| D. | focus group interview |
| Answer» C. structured interview | |
| 15. |
What is a "probing question"? |
| A. | one that inquires about a sensitive or deeply personal issue |
| B. | one that encourages the interviewee to say more about a topic |
| C. | one that asks indirectly about people\s opinions |
| D. | one that moves the conversation on to another topic |
| Answer» B. one that encourages the interviewee to say more about a topic | |
| 16. |
What can you do to reduce the time consuming nature of transcribing interviews? |
| A. | use a transcribing machine |
| B. | employ someone to transcribe for you |
| C. | transcribe only selected parts of the interviews |
| D. | all of the above |
| Answer» D. all of the above | |
| 17. |
Which of the following is not a type of life story? |
| A. | naturalistic life stories |
| B. | researched life stories |
| C. | true life stories |
| D. | reflexive and recursive life stories |
| Answer» C. true life stories | |
| 18. |
Which of the following is an advantage of qualitative interviewing relative to participant observation? |
| A. | it allows you to find out about issues that are resistant to observation |
| B. | it is more biased and value-laden |
| C. | it is more likely to create reactive effects |
| D. | none of the above |
| Answer» A. it allows you to find out about issues that are resistant to observation | |
| 19. |
Which of the following is a disadvantage of qualitative interviewing relative to participant observation? |
| A. | it has a more specific focus |
| B. | it is more ethically dubious, in terms of obtaining informed consent |
| C. | it may not provide access to deviant or hidden activities |
| D. | it does not allow participants to reconstruct their life events |
| Answer» C. it may not provide access to deviant or hidden activities | |
| 20. |
The introductory section of a research report should aim to: |
| A. | identify the specific focus of the study |
| B. | provide a rationale for the dissertation, or article |
| C. | grab the reader\s attention |
| D. | all of the above |
| Answer» D. all of the above | |
| 21. |
What is the purpose of the conclusion in a research report? |
| A. | it explains how concepts were operationally defined and measured |
| B. | it contains a useful review of the relevant literature |
| C. | it outlines the methodological procedures that were employed |
| D. | it summarizes the key findings in relation to the research questions |
| Answer» D. it summarizes the key findings in relation to the research questions | |
| 22. |
Which of the following is not normally included in a written account of qualitative research? |
| A. | an introduction, locating the research in its theoretical context |
| B. | an explanation of the design of the study |
| C. | a discussion of the main findings in relation to the research questions |
| D. | a decision to accept or reject the hypothesis |
| Answer» D. a decision to accept or reject the hypothesis | |
| 23. |
Before submitting your dissertation, you should ensure that: |
| A. | your writing is free of sexist, racist and disablist language |
| B. | other people have read your final draft |
| C. | you have proofread it thoroughly |
| D. | all of the above |
| Answer» D. all of the above | |
| 24. |
Probability sampling is rarely used in qualitative research because: |
| A. | qualitative researchers are not trained in statistics |
| B. | it is very old-fashioned |
| C. | it is often not feasible |
| D. | research questions are more important than sampling |
| Answer» C. it is often not feasible | |
| 25. |
The two levels of sampling used by Savage et al. (2005) for the Manchester study were: |
| A. | random and purposive |
| B. | convenience and snowball |
| C. | statistical and non-statistical |
| D. | contexts and participants |
| Answer» D. contexts and participants | |