970+ Fundamentals of Economics and Management Solved MCQs

1.

Micro economics theory deals with

A. Economic behavior of individual economic decision making units
B. Economy as a whole
C. Trade relations
D. Economic growth of the society
Answer» A. Economic behavior of individual economic decision making units
2.

Which of the following is a central problem of every economy

A. Abundance of resources
B. Scarcity of economic resources
C. Poverty
D. Moral and ethical values
Answer» B. Scarcity of economic resources
3.

Equilibrium relates to which of these

A. Market condition which oscillate
B. Market state of falling price
C. Market condition of rising price
D. Market conditions which once achieved tends to persist
Answer» D. Market conditions which once achieved tends to persist
4.

General equilibrium analysis refers to

A. Behaviour of individual economic decision making units and individual markets in isolation
B. Behaviour of all the individual decision making units and market viewed in totality
C. Both ;
D. none
Answer» B. Behaviour of all the individual decision making units and market viewed in totality
5.

Normative economic theory deals with

A. What is or how the economic problem facing the society are solved
B. How the problem should be solved
C. What to Produce
D. How to produce
Answer» B. How the problem should be solved
6.

In a mixed economy which sector(s) is/ are found

A. Private Only
B. Public sector only
C. None
D. Both a and b
Answer» D. Both a and b
7.

In economic theory the term “means” refers to

A. Resources
B. Arithmetic mean
C. A characteristic
D. None
Answer» A. Resources
8.

Market equilibrium of a commodity is determined by

A. Balancing of demand and supply position
B. Aggregate demand
C. Aggregate supply
D. Government intervention
Answer» A. Balancing of demand and supply position
9.

Cetris Paribus means

A. Holding demand constant
B. Holding supply constant
C. Price being constant
D. Other things being constant
Answer» D. Other things being constant
10.

Economic resources are

A. Unlimited
B. Limited in supply and use
C. Limited in supply but have alternative uses
D. Unproductive
Answer» C. Limited in supply but have alternative uses
11.

Which of the following is/ are not an economic resource

A. Land
B. Capital
C. Labour
D. Air
Answer» D. Air
12.

Which of the following is/ are an economic resource

A. Land
B. Capital
C. Labour
D. All the three
Answer» D. All the three
13.

Which of the following is/ are a non-economic resource

A. Air
B. Water
C. Sunlight
D. All the three
Answer» D. All the three
14.

Which of these resources would be called as land in economics

A. Coal mines of Bihar
B. Water resources of Uttaranchal
C. Mineral deposits of Jharkhand
D. All the three
Answer» D. All the three
15.

Which of these is not land in economics

A. Tehri Dam
B. Forest reserves of Assam
C. Fish reserves in the Bay of Bengal
D. Herbal plant of Uttaranchal
Answer» A. Tehri Dam
16.

Which of these would be classified as capital in economics

A. Bhankra Dam
B. Indira canal
C. Golden triangle
D. All the three
Answer» D. All the three
17.

Capital in economics means

A. Factor of production
B. Fund brought in by the entrepreneur
C. Investment in shares, bank deposits
D. All the above
Answer» A. Factor of production
18.

Scarcity of resources leads to

A. Unsatisfaction of human wants
B. Evaluation of alternative uses of scarce resources
C. Both
D. None
Answer» C. Both
19.

Who defined economics as “ Science which deals with wealth”

A. J. (B) Say
B. (A) (C) pigou
C. Alfred Marshall
D. Robbins
Answer» A. J. (B) Say
20.

Economics cannot be considered a perfect science because

A. Human behaviour is unpredictable
B. It is difficult to make correct prediction of economic variables
C. Economist do not have common opinion about a particular economic event
D. All the three
Answer» D. All the three
21.

In economic goods includes material things which……….

A. Can be transferred
B. Can be exchanged for one another
C. Both
D. None
Answer» C. Both
22.

In economic wealth is the stock of all those material and immaterial objects which……...

A. Are transferable
B. Have utility
C. Are scarce
D. All the three
Answer» D. All the three
23.

In addition to three Central problem of economy, the additional problem(s) raised by the Modern economists is / are

A. Are the resources fully utilized or not
B. How efficient is the production and distribution system
C. Whether the capacity to produce or grow is increasing or is static
D. All the three
Answer» D. All the three
24.

The basic assumption of an economic analysis is/ are

A. Cetris paribus
B. Rational behavior
C. Both
D. None
Answer» C. Both
25.

The terms Micro economic and Macro economics were coined by

A. Professor A Samulson
B. Giffen
C. Prof. Ragner Frisch
D. Eagle
Answer» C. Prof. Ragner Frisch
26.

----------is known as father of economics

A. Adam Smith
B. Professor A Samulson
C. Alfred Marshall
D. J R Hicks
Answer» A. Adam Smith
27.

Which of these are outside the domain of macro economics

A. Consumer behavior
B. National income
C. Economic growth
D. Balance of payment and trade
Answer» A. Consumer behavior
28.

Scarcity of resources means

A. Limited resources
B. Non – esxistence of resources
C. Both
D. None
Answer» A. Limited resources
29.

Human wants are

A. Unsatisfiable
B. Unlimited
C. Undefined
D. Limited
Answer» B. Unlimited
30.

Economics cannot be given the status of science because

A. Of non-uniformity of opinion and approach of economist
B. Economic behaviour of human being is unpredictable
C. Measuring rod of money is unstable
D. All the three
Answer» D. All the three
31.

Which of the following is not a central problem of a society

A. What to produce
B. How to produce
C. For whom to produce
D. Where to produce
Answer» D. Where to produce
32.

The paradox of Diamond is more costly than water is explained by

A. Marginal utility concept
B. Scarcity
C. Relative cost of production
D. All the three
Answer» B. Scarcity
33.

Which of these is an economic activity

A. A father teaching his son at home instead of sending to any coaching centre
B. A hair dresser doing hair cut designing on payment
C. A housewife mending her family cloths on her own
D. A singer giving a show on his son’s wedding anniversary
Answer» B. A hair dresser doing hair cut designing on payment
34.

The term “ Micro” is derived from the …….word which means……..

A. Latin, small
B. Greek, small
C. English, tiny
D. Roman, small
Answer» B. Greek, small
35.

Which of the following issue relates to micro-economics

A. Impact of crude price hike on inflation
B. Impact of change in bank rate on bank saving and investment
C. Impact of Information technology on economic growth
D. Impact of shortage of wheat production on wheat prices
Answer» D. Impact of shortage of wheat production on wheat prices
36.

Economics modes are

A. Based on some realistic assumptions
B. Based on hypothetical assumptions
C. Scientifically tested
D. Based on necessity
Answer» A. Based on some realistic assumptions
37.

The famous book “An enquiry into the nature and causes of wealth of Nation” was written by –

A. Adam Smith
B. Samulson
C. Robertson
D. JB Say
Answer» A. Adam Smith
38.

The famous book “An enquiry into the nature and causes of wealth of Nation” was published in-

A. 1776
B. 1750
C. 1850
D. 1886
Answer» A. 1776
39.

The law of indifference is/are also know by-

A. Law of substitution
B. law of equimarginal utility
C. Law of diminishing marginal utility
D. All the three
Answer» D. All the three
40.

Which of the following is not a central problem of a society

A. What to produce
B. How to produce
C. For whom to produce
D. What to eat
Answer» D. What to eat
41.

The central problem of how to produce is resolved by

A. Demand and supply of factor inputs
B. Demand and supply of goods
C. Relative prices and availability of factors of production
D. Government intervention
Answer» C. Relative prices and availability of factors of production
42.

In free economy the decision about investment, saving and consumption are decided by

A. Price mechanism
B. Central bank
C. Planning Commission
D. Finance budget
Answer» A. Price mechanism
43.

Which of these statement is true about production possibility curve (PPC/PPF)

A. It shows various combinations of two goods which yield same level of satisfaction
B. It shows various combination of two goods which an economy can produce with a given amount of resources
C. It shows various combination of two goods which an economy can produce with a given budget
D. It shows various combination of two goods which an economy can produce with a given time
Answer» B. It shows various combination of two goods which an economy can produce with a given amount of resources
44.

If production possibility frontier is linear it implies

A. Constant opportunity cost
B. Economy is stagnant
C. Underemployment of factor of production
D. With the increase in production, opportunity cost also increases
Answer» A. Constant opportunity cost
45.

The opportunity cost of consumption is

A. Lack of capital formation for future
B. Greater investment
C. Full employment
D. Deflation
Answer» A. Lack of capital formation for future
46.

The opportunity cost of capital investment is

A. Sacrifice of current consumption
B. More consumption on luxury items
C. Lower capital growth in future
D. Wastage of Resources
Answer» A. Sacrifice of current consumption
47.

Any point beyond PPF is

A. Attainable
B. Unattainable
C. Attainable with increase in production facilities
D. None
Answer» C. Attainable with increase in production facilities
48.

If an economy is working at a point left to PPF curve it shows that………

A. The economy is working at less than the full employment level
B. The economy is at full employment level
C. The economy is country is faced with excess production
D. There is glut of imports
Answer» A. The economy is working at less than the full employment level
49.

Curvature of PPF is due to………

A. Increase in opportunity cost
B. Decrease in opportunity cost
C. Fall in demand
D. Fall in supply
Answer» A. Increase in opportunity cost
50.

PPF is negative sloped due to

A. Scarcity of production resources
B. Unlimited wants
C. Improvement in technology
D. Increasing opportunity cost
Answer» A. Scarcity of production resources
51.

Economic efficiency means

A. Production of goods of mass consumption at lower cost
B. Production of goods and services for those who have purchasing power
C. Getting greatest satisfaction from available resources
D. Full employment of working force
Answer» C. Getting greatest satisfaction from available resources
52.

Opportunity cost of increasing production of Gun to 3 units in combination D is –tons of bread

A. 200
B. 100
C. 300
D. 400
Answer» D. 400
53.

Opportunity cost of increasing production of Gun to 4 units in combination E is –tons of bread

A. 200
B. 500
C. 300
D. 400
Answer» B. 500
54.

Opportunity cost of increasing production of Gun to 5 units in combination F is –tons of bread

A. 200
B. 100
C. 600
D. 500
Answer» C. 600
55.

In question No. 53 if the economy produces only 3 guns and 900 tons of wheat instead of 1100 tons of wheat what does it indicates

A. Under employment of resources
B. Production in efficiency
C. Sub-optimal production
D. All the three
Answer» D. All the three
56.

If a firm is operating at any point inside the PPF, the firm is

A. Efficient firm
B. Inefficient firm
C. Poised for abnormal growth
D. None
Answer» B. Inefficient firm
57.

Any point beyond PPF curve can be attained by

A. Increasing supply of factor inputs
B. Technological innovation
C. Both
D. None
Answer» C. Both
58.

Economic growth is best depicted by

A. Outward shift in PPF
B. Upward movement in PPF
C. Inward movement in PPF
D. Downward movement in PPF
Answer» A. Outward shift in PPF
59.

Production possibility curves shows maximum combinations of -----products

A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
Answer» B. 2
60.

The relationship between aggregate consumption expenditure and aggregate income of household sector is known as ………………………. function.

A. Consumption
B. Saving
C. Expenditure
D. Income
Answer» A. Consumption
61.

GDP at market price exceeds GDP at factor cost by the amount of revenue raised through ……………….

A. Direct taxes
B. Indirect taxes
C. Income tax
D. Tax on rents
Answer» B. Indirect taxes
62.

Macroeconomics is the study of

A. Inflation
B. Unemployment
C. Growth
D. All of (a), (b) and (c) above.
Answer» D. All of (a), (b) and (c) above.
63.

In a closed economy savings are equal to ……………….. at the equilibrium level of income.

A. Investments
B. Wages
C. Income-Investments
D. Wages – Consumption
Answer» A. Investments
64.

Which of the following methods is/are used for measuring national income?

A. Output method
B. Expenditure method
C. Income method
D. All of (a), (b) and (c) above.
Answer» D. All of (a), (b) and (c) above.
65.

Net factor income from abroad is equal to

A. NNP at market price – NDP at market price
B. NDP at market prices – Indirect taxes + Subsidies
C. NDP at factor cost + Depreciation
D. NNP at market prices + Depreciation
Answer» A. NNP at market price – NDP at market price
66.

Personal disposable income is equal to ……………………..

A. Wages and salaries + Dividends paid at home – Personal income tax
B. Wages and salaries + Dividends paid at home + Factor income received from abroad – Personal income tax
C. Wages and salaries + Dividends paid at home + Factor income received from abroad + Transfers from government – Personal income tax.
D. Wages and salaries + Dividends paid at home + Factor income received from abroad - Transfers from government – Personal income tax.
Answer» C. Wages and salaries + Dividends paid at home + Factor income received from abroad + Transfers from government – Personal income tax.
67.

Personal income equals personal disposable income (Yd) plus

A. Personal savings
B. Transfers from government
C. Personal income taxes
D. Dividend payments
Answer» C. Personal income taxes
68.

GDP at market prices is the sum of Consumption, Investment, Government Spending and Net Exports. „Net‟ exports is

A. Gross exports minus depreciation
B. Exports minus imports
C. Gross exports earnings minus capital inflow
D. Export minus imports of merchandize
Answer» B. Exports minus imports
69.

Macroeconomics is concerned with

A. The level of output of goods and services
B. The general level of prices
C. The growth of real output
D. All of the above
Answer» D. All of the above
70.

Personal income includes all of the following except

A. Transfer payments
B. Undistributed corporate profits
C. Personal income taxes
D. Dividend payments
Answer» B. Undistributed corporate profits
71.

Nominal GDP is

A. The total value of goods and services net of exports
B. The total value of goods and services produced during periods of low unemployment
C. The total value of goods and services measured at current prices
D. The total value of goods and services produced at full employment.
Answer» C. The total value of goods and services measured at current prices
72.

GDP at factor cost exceeds GDP at market price

A. When the factor income from abroad is negative
B. When depreciation on fixed capital exceeds income in investment
C. When direct tax exceeds indirect tax
D. When subsidies exceeds indirect taxes.
Answer» D. When subsidies exceeds indirect taxes.
73.

The difference between Gross National Product (GNP) and Gross Domestic Product GDP) is

A. Excess of subsidies over indirect taxes
B. Depreciation
C. Net foreign income from abroad
D. Excess of indirect taxes over subsidies
Answer» C. Net foreign income from abroad
74.

NDP does not include

A. Payments made for income taxes
B. Depreciation allowances
C. Undistributed profits
D. The value added from intermediate goods.
Answer» B. Depreciation allowances
75.

National income is

A. NDP at market prices
B. NDP at factor cost
C. NNP at factor cost
D. GNP at market prices.
Answer» C. NNP at factor cost
76.

The difference between personal disposable income and personal income is

A. Indirect taxes
B. Subsidies
C. Transfer payments
D. Personal taxes.
Answer» D. Personal taxes.
77.

Which of the following is an example of a government transfer payment?

A. Purchase of a new car for the Ministry of Finance
B. Funding of a clinic to provide free vaccinations.
C. Free food coupons issued to persons in an anti-poverty program.
D. Funding of a new bridge in an urban area
Answer» C. Free food coupons issued to persons in an anti-poverty program.
78.

The net factor income earned within the domestic territory of a country must be equal to

A. Net Domestic Product at factor cost
B. Net Domestic Product at market price
C. Net National Product at market price
D. Personal income.
Answer» A. Net Domestic Product at factor cost
79.

By definition, the marginal propensity to consume

A. Equals ΔC/ΔYd
B. Is the behavioral coefficient c in the equation C = a + cYd
C. Is the slope of the consumption function
D. All the above
Answer» D. All the above
80.

Ceteris paribus, an income tax

A. Increases the value of the expenditure multiplier and decreases the value of the net tax revenue multiplier
B. Decreases the value of the expenditure and net tax revenue multiplier
C. Decreases the value of the expenditure multiplier and increases the value of the net tax revenue multiplier
D. None of the above.
Answer» B. Decreases the value of the expenditure and net tax revenue multiplier
81.

On the basis of the Keynesian model of output determination, a multiplier of 3 implies that

A. An increase in consumption by `3 will result in an increase in investment by Re. 1
B. An increase in investment by Re. 1 will result in an increase in consumption by `3
C. An increase in investment by Re. 1 will result in an increase in consumption by `2
D. An increase in investment by Re. 1 will result in an increase in consumption by Re. 1
Answer» C. An increase in investment by Re. 1 will result in an increase in consumption by `2
82.

Consumption demand does not depend upon the level of

A. Income
B. Propensity to consume
C. Consumer spending
D. Marginal efficiency of investment.
Answer» D. Marginal efficiency of investment.
83.

The slope of the consumption curve connotes

A. Average propensity to save
B. Marginal Propensity to consume
C. Marginal propensity to save
D. Level of consumption in the economy.
Answer» B. Marginal Propensity to consume
84.

Financial interrelation ratio is equal to

A. Total issues / National income
B. Primary issues / Net capital formation
C. Total issues / Net capital formation
D. Total stock of financial assets/Stock of fiscal assets
Answer» C. Total issues / Net capital formation
85.

If the available workers are unaware of the jobs being offered and the employers are not aware of the available workers, such type on unemployment is called

A. Frictional unemployment
B. Structural unemployment
C. Disguised unemployment
D. Demand pull unemployment.
Answer» A. Frictional unemployment
86.

Unemployment that arises when there is a general downturn in business activity is known as

A. Frictional unemployment
B. Structural unemployment
C. Cyclical unemployment
D. Disguised unemployment
Answer» C. Cyclical unemployment
87.

Full employment is the level at which there is

A. Zero unemployment
B. Normal rate of unemployment
C. Lease supply of labor
D. Demand for goods is less than supply.
Answer» C. Lease supply of labor
88.

Natural rate of unemployment increases due to

A. General downturn in business activity
B. Changes in labor market
C. Structural changes in economy
D. Frequent changes of jobs by labor
Answer» D. Frequent changes of jobs by labor
89.

If the actual rate of unemployment exceeds to natural rate of unemployment then

A. Actual output of the economy will fall below its potential
B. Production will increase more than potential
C. Consumption of goods decreases
D. Both (a) and (c) above.
Answer» D. Both (a) and (c) above.
90.

Unemployment that arises due to regional occupational pattern of job vacancies, which does not match the pattern of workers availability and suitability, is known as

A. Frictional unemployment
B. Structural unemployment
C. Cyclical unemployment
D. Demand pull unemployment.
Answer» B. Structural unemployment
91.

Disguised unemployment means

A. Unemployment in agriculture
B. Unemployment due to recession
C. Unemployment due to downturn in business activity
D. Marginal Productivity of Labor (MPL) is zero.
Answer» C. Unemployment due to downturn in business activity
92.

In which sector of Indian economy will we find a high rate of disguised unemployment?

A. Service sector.
B. Agriculture sector.
C. Manufacture sector.
D. Mining sector.
Answer» B. Agriculture sector.
93.

Unemployment that is caused by a mismatch between the composition of the labor force (in terms of skills, occupation, industries, or geographic location) and the make-up of the demand for labor is called

A. Real wage unemployment
B. Deficient-demand unemployment
C. Frictional unemployment
D. Structural Unemployment
Answer» D. Structural Unemployment
94.

During the recessionary phase of a business cycle

A. The natural rate of unemployment will increase dramatically
B. Potential national income will exceed actual national income
C. Actual national income will exceed potential national income
D. The real rate of interest will exceed the nominal rate of interest.
Answer» A. The natural rate of unemployment will increase dramatically
95.

The Philips curve shows that

A. High unemployment rates are associated with low increases in money wage rates
B. Low unemployment rates are associated with low rates of inflation
C. High unemployment rates are associated with low rates of inflation
D. High inflation rates are associated with small increases in money wage rates.
Answer» C. High unemployment rates are associated with low rates of inflation
96.

Full employment exists when there is

A. Zero unemployment
B. Natural rate of unemployment
C. Least demand for labor
D. Least supply of labor
Answer» B. Natural rate of unemployment
97.

Balance of trade is

A. The difference between balance on current account and capital account
B. Same as the balance of merchandize trade
C. Same as the balance of current account
D. Overall BoP balance.
Answer» B. Same as the balance of merchandize trade
98.

All entries in the balance of payments should collectively sum to

A. GDP of that country
B. GNP of that country
C. Zero
D. Exports of that country.
Answer» C. Zero
99.

In the BoP statement, current account includes
(i) Marchandize, invisible items
(ii) Government loans from abroad
(iii) Foreign direct investment.

A. (i) only
B. Both (i) and (ii) above
C. Both (i) and (iii) above
D. Both (ii) and (iii) above
Answer» A. (i) only
100.

If the balance on current and capital accounts of Balance of Payments (BoP) taken together is negative, then

A. It is a case of BoP surplus
B. It is a case of BoP surplus where the official reserve account is in surplus
C. It is a case of BoP deficit
D. It is case of BoP disequilibrium
Answer» C. It is a case of BoP deficit
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