McqMate
These multiple-choice questions (MCQs) are designed to enhance your knowledge and understanding in the following areas: Biology .
Chapters
| 1. |
Which of the following phosphate compounds is MOST important in the production of energy? |
| A. | AMP (adenosine monophosphate) |
| B. | ADP (adenosine diphosphate) |
| C. | ATP (adenosine triphosphate) |
| D. | GTP (guanosine triphosphate) |
| E. | CTP (cytidine triphosphate) |
| Answer» C. ATP (adenosine triphosphate) | |
| 2. |
Which of the following is NOT produced by the citric acid cycle? |
| A. | CO2 |
| B. | H+ ions |
| C. | NAD+ |
| D. | GTP (guanosine triphosphate) |
| E. | NADH |
| Answer» C. NAD+ | |
| 3. |
The renal threshold for glucose, the arterial blood level at which glycosuria appears, is approximately: |
| A. | 1.8g/dL |
| B. | 180mg/dL |
| C. | 18mg/dL |
| D. | 80mg/dL |
| E. | 800mg/dL |
| Answer» B. 180mg/dL | |
| 4. |
Which of the following amino acids are glucogenic (ie give rise to compounds readily converted to glucose)? |
| A. | alanine |
| B. | leucine |
| C. | isoleucine |
| D. | phenylalanine |
| E. | tyrosine |
| Answer» A. alanine | |
| 5. |
Which of the following lipoproteins is SMALLEST in size? |
| A. | chylomicrons |
| B. | very low density lipoproteins |
| C. | intermediate density lipoproteins |
| D. | low density lipoproteins |
| E. | high density lipoproteins |
| Answer» E. high density lipoproteins | |
| 6. |
Regarding the respiratory quotient, which of the following is TRUE? |
| A. | it is the ratio of CO2 and O2 in the body at any one time |
| B. | can go as high as 2.00 because lactic acid produces more oxygen |
| C. | in acidosis, it goes down |
| D. | in alkalosis it goes up |
| E. | it is possible for it to be negative |
| Answer» E. it is possible for it to be negative | |
| 7. |
Regarding body surface area, which of the following statements is TRUE? |
| A. | is calculated using weight/height |
| B. | is calculated using 0.007184 X weight + 0.425 X weight + 0.725 |
| C. | it does not affect the basal metabolic rate |
| D. | it does not affect the general metabolic rate |
| E. | it has an effect on the specific dynamic action of foodstuffs |
| Answer» B. is calculated using 0.007184 X weight + 0.425 X weight + 0.725 | |
| 8. |
Regarding the basal metabolic rate, which of the following is TRUE? |
| A. | it is measured in the absence of disease, at room temperature, within 12 hours of a meal with a Benedict apparatus and the subject asleep |
| B. | it increases 24% per degree Celsius of body temperature above 37° |
| C. | it is decreased during the latter stage of starvation, explaining the initial rapid weight loss than a slowing down of weight loss |
| D. | it declines in pregnancy |
| E. | it correlates closer to weight than to body surface area |
| Answer» C. it is decreased during the latter stage of starvation, explaining the initial rapid weight loss than a slowing down of weight loss | |
| 9. |
Biological energy can be derived from all EXCEPT: |
| A. | lactic acid |
| B. | phosphorylcreatine |
| C. | guanosine triphosphate |
| D. | co enzyme A |
| E. | urea |
| Answer» E. urea | |
| 10. |
Regarding brown fat, which of the following is TRUE? |
| A. | it is fat with a large percentage of melatonin as a constituent |
| B. | it has extensive parasympathetic innervation |
| C. | it is more abundant in adults than in infants |
| D. | heat production is assisted by uncoupling of the H+ /ATP generator system in mitochondria |
| E. | brown fat cells contain multiple droplets of fat |
| Answer» A. it is fat with a large percentage of melatonin as a constituent | |
| 11. |
Regarding thyroid hormones, which statement is INCORRECT? |
| A. | thyroid hormones bind to receptors in cell nuclei |
| B. | T3 is less potent than T4 |
| C. | thyroid hormones increase O2 consumption |
| D. | T3 promotes nitrogen excretion |
| E. | cerebral glucose consumption is increased by thyroid hormones |
| Answer» B. T3 is less potent than T4 | |
| 12. |
Regarding thyroxine, which of the following is INCORRECT? |
| A. | increases number of β adrenergic receptors on the heart |
| B. | there is a preferential expression of α myosin in the muscle fibres of the heart in the presence of thyroxine |
| C. | thyroid hormones decrease carbohydrate absorption by the stomach and small bowel |
| D. | hyaluronic acid accumulates in the skin if there is a deficiency of thyroxine |
| E. | large doses can increase body temperature |
| Answer» C. thyroid hormones decrease carbohydrate absorption by the stomach and small bowel | |
| 13. |
Regarding the respiratory quotient, which of the following is TRUE? |
| A. | it is the ratio of CO2 produced to the volume of O2 consumed per unit of time |
| B. | is related to tidal volume |
| C. | is inversely proportioned to pO2 |
| D. | has a value of 2.3 for fats |
| E. | varies with age |
| Answer» A. it is the ratio of CO2 produced to the volume of O2 consumed per unit of time | |
| 14. |
Which of the following statements is INCORRECT? |
| A. | in a low protein diet, nitrogen excretion by the kidney decreases |
| B. | in a low protein diet, the maximal urine osmolarity is decreased |
| C. | there is a net negative nitrogen balance following the administration of steroids |
| D. | nitrogen balance becomes negative if a single amino acid is missing from the diet |
| E. | insulin spares the breakdown of muscle protein |
| Answer» C. there is a net negative nitrogen balance following the administration of steroids | |
| 15. |
Which of the following is an ESSENTIAL fatty acid? |
| A. | myristic acid |
| B. | palmitic acid |
| C. | stearic acid |
| D. | linolenic acid |
| E. | oleic acid |
| Answer» D. linolenic acid | |
| 16. |
Regarding protein metabolism in starvation, which statement is INCORRECT? |
| A. | glucose has a protein sparing effect by increasing insulin secretion |
| B. | death occurs when protein depletion reaches 50% of normal level |
| C. | total starvation leads to loss of up to 5gms/day of urea nitrogen due to protein catabolism |
| D. | most protein catabolised comes from the liver, spleen and skeletal muscles |
| E. | rapid protein depletion is the terminal phase once fat stores have been almost totally catabolised |
| Answer» C. total starvation leads to loss of up to 5gms/day of urea nitrogen due to protein catabolism | |
| 17. |
Which of the following is NOT an unsaturated fatty acid? |
| A. | oleic acid |
| B. | arachidonic acid |
| C. | linoleic acid |
| D. | linolenic acid |
| E. | stearic acid |
| Answer» E. stearic acid | |
| 18. |
Regarding brown fat, which statement is INCORRECT? |
| A. | fat cells have extensive parasympathetic innervation |
| B. | responsible for part of the post-prandial heat production |
| C. | fat cells contain several droplets of fat |
| D. | prominent between and around the scapulae of infants |
| E. | fat cells contain many mitochondria |
| Answer» A. fat cells have extensive parasympathetic innervation | |
| 19. |
Regarding carbohydrate metabolism in starvation, which statement is INCORRECT? |
| A. | hepatic glycogenolysis precedes skeletal muscle glycogenolysis |
| B. | blood glucose falls less in women due to greater fat stores |
| C. | glycogen stores are exhausted after half to one day |
| D. | blood glucose level is maintained above a level that would produce symptomatic hypoglycaemia |
| E. | skeletal muscle contains about four times as much glycogen as the liver |
| Answer» B. blood glucose falls less in women due to greater fat stores | |
| 20. |
Regarding lipoproteins, which statement is INCORRECT? |
| A. | VLDL transport cholesterol formed in liver to extrahepatic tissues |
| B. | chylomicrons can cause post-prandial plasma to appear milky |
| C. | LDL are taken up by macrophages |
| D. | oestrogens increase plasma HDL levels |
| E. | elevated IDL levels predispose to atherosclerosis |
| Answer» A. VLDL transport cholesterol formed in liver to extrahepatic tissues | |
| 21. |
Which of the following does NOT increase the activity of intracellular hormonesensitive lipase? |
| A. | GH |
| B. | PGE |
| C. | thyroxine |
| D. | glucagon |
| E. | cortisol |
| Answer» B. PGE | |
| 22. |
Which of the following causes a positive nitrogen balance? |
| A. | increased cortisol secretion |
| B. | starvation |
| C. | decreased insulin secretion |
| D. | forced immobilisation |
| E. | increased testosterone secretion |
| Answer» E. increased testosterone secretion | |
| 23. |
Which statement regarding lipoprotein lipase is INCORRECT? |
| A. | it is not hormone sensitive |
| B. | it requires heparin as a co-factor |
| C. | it is confined to adipose tissue |
| D. | its activity is decreased by stress |
| E. | it clears chylomicrons and VLDL from circulation by degradation of triglyceride |
| Answer» C. it is confined to adipose tissue | |
| 24. |
Regarding uric acid, which statement is INCORRECT? |
| A. | the majority of filtered uric acid is reabsorbed in the proximal tubule |
| B. | xanthine oxidase catalyses its synthesis |
| C. | may be elevated in leukaemia and pre-eclampsia |
| D. | does not undergo renal tubular secretion |
| E. | its excretion rate can be halved by changing to a purine-free diet |
| Answer» D. does not undergo renal tubular secretion | |
| 25. |
Regarding ketone bodies, which statement is INCORRECT? |
| A. | formed following ingestion of a high fat/low carbohydrate diet |
| B. | acetoacetate and beta-hydroxybutyrate formation leads to a metabolic acidosis |
| C. | acetone is excreted in the urine |
| D. | readily metabolised by the liver |
| E. | acetone formation leads to ketotic breath |
| Answer» D. readily metabolised by the liver | |
| 26. |
Nucleotide breakdown releases purines and pyrimidines. Which of the following is NOT their subsequent fate? |
| A. | re-used to form nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids |
| B. | excreted unchanged in urine |
| C. | directly enter the urea cycle |
| D. | pyrimidines are catabolised to carbon dioxide and ammonia |
| E. | purines are catabolised to uric acid |
| Answer» C. directly enter the urea cycle | |
| 27. |
How many ATP molecules are produced from one molecule of a 6-carbon fatty acid metabolised via the TCA cycle to carbon dioxide and water? |
| A. | 36 |
| B. | 38 |
| C. | 40 |
| D. | 42 |
| E. | 44 |
| Answer» E. 44 | |
| 28. |
Which of the following is NOT a purine? |
| A. | adenine |
| B. | cytosine |
| C. | guanine |
| D. | hypoxanthine |
| E. | xanthine |
| Answer» B. cytosine | |
| 29. |
Creatinine appears in the urine in significant amounts in all of the following EXCEPT: |
| A. | normal men |
| B. | thyrotoxicosis |
| C. | post-partum |
| D. | poorly controlled diabetes mellitus |
| E. | children |
| Answer» A. normal men | |
| 30. |
Regarding free fatty acids, which statement is INCORRECT? |
| A. | circulate in plasma bound to globulin |
| B. | they are the major source of energy for cardiac muscle |
| C. | combine with glycerol to form the triglyceride of neutral fat |
| D. | contain an even number of carbon atoms |
| E. | require linkage to carnitine in order to cross mitochondrial membranes prior to oxidation |
| Answer» A. circulate in plasma bound to globulin | |
| 31. |
Which amino acid is NOT ketogenic (ie CAN’T be converted into acetoacetate)? |
| A. | leucine |
| B. | isoleucine |
| C. | phenylalanine |
| D. | tyrosine |
| E. | proline |
| Answer» E. proline | |
| 32. |
Regarding cholesterol, which statement is INCORRECT? |
| A. | dietary cholesterol is absorbed in the intestine and incorporated into chylomicrons formed in the mucosa |
| B. | about 20% is in the plasma, with the remainder intracellular |
| C. | negatively feeds back on its synthetic pathway |
| D. | most hepatic synthesised cholesterol is incorporated into VLDL |
| E. | thyroid hormones decrease the plasma cholesterol level |
| Answer» B. about 20% is in the plasma, with the remainder intracellular | |
| 33. |
How many ATP molecules are produced from one glucose molecule metabolised aerobically via the Embden-Meyerhof pathway and citric acid cycle? |
| A. | 32 |
| B. | 34 |
| C. | 36 |
| D. | 38 |
| E. | 40 |
| Answer» D. 38 | |
| 34. |
Which lipoprotein contains the GREATEST proportion of triglyceride? |
| A. | VLDL |
| B. | IDL |
| C. | chylomicrons |
| D. | LDL |
| E. | HDL |
| Answer» C. chylomicrons | |
| 35. |
Basal metabolic rate is GREATER in all of the following circumstances EXCEPT: |
| A. | children compared with adults |
| B. | Caucasians compared with Chinese and Indians |
| C. | females compared with males |
| D. | anxiety compared with depression |
| E. | feeding compared with starvation |
| Answer» C. females compared with males | |
| 36. |
Which lipoprotein contains the GREATEST proportion of cholesterol and cholesterol esters? |
| A. | VLDL |
| B. | IDL |
| C. | chylomicrons |
| D. | LDL |
| E. | HDL |
| Answer» D. LDL | |
| 37. |
What is the basal metabolic rate of an average sized man per day? |
| A. | 1000 Kcal |
| B. | 2000 Kcal |
| C. | 3000 Kcal |
| D. | 4000 Kcal |
| E. | 5000 Kcal |
| Answer» B. 2000 Kcal | |
| 38. |
Which lipoprotein contains the GREATEST proportion of protein? |
| A. | VLDL |
| B. | IDL |
| C. | chylomicrons |
| D. | LDL |
| E. | HDL |
| Answer» E. HDL | |
| 39. |
What is the most important factor affecting metabolic rate? |
| A. | muscular exertion |
| B. | recent ingestion of food |
| C. | high or low environmental temperature |
| D. | height, weight and surface area |
| E. | sex |
| Answer» A. muscular exertion | |
| 40. |
Which of the following are NON ESSENTIAL amino acids? |
| A. | valine |
| B. | leucine |
| C. | isoleucine |
| D. | cysteine |
| E. | methionine |
| Answer» D. cysteine | |
| 41. |
Regarding plasma protein, all of the following are correct EXCEPT: |
| A. | albumin, globulin and fibrinogen constitute the major plasma proteins in the plasma |
| B. | the fibrinogen polymerises into long fibrin threads during blood coagulation |
| C. | the principal function of albumin is to provide colloid osmotic pressure in the plasma |
| D. | the majority of plasma proteins are formed in the lymphoid tissue |
| E. | rapid loss of plasma proteins may occur during severe burns |
| Answer» D. the majority of plasma proteins are formed in the lymphoid tissue | |
| 42. |
Factors that predisposes to atherosclerosis includes all of the following EXCEPT: |
| A. | diabetes |
| B. | hypothyroidism |
| C. | smoking |
| D. | male sex |
| E. | female sex hormone |
| Answer» E. female sex hormone | |
| 43. |
Lipoproteins: |
| A. | chylomicrons are themselves very large lipoproteins composed of cholesterol, phospholipids, triglycerides and proteins |
| B. | VLDL contains a higher concentration of triglycerides and a moderate concentration of cholesterol and proteins |
| C. | HDL contains a very higher concentration of cholesterol and a moderate concentration of phospholipids and triglycerides |
| D. | the majority of the lipoproteins are synthesised in the liver |
| E. | the primary function of the lipoproteins are to transport lipids in the blood from liver to adipose tissue |
| Answer» C. HDL contains a very higher concentration of cholesterol and a moderate concentration of phospholipids and triglycerides | |
| 44. |
Glycogenolysis: |
| A. | is a process of formation of glycogen in the cell |
| B. | is a process of breakdown of glycogen to reform glucose |
| C. | is the conversion of glucose into fructose |
| D. | is the process of breakdown of galactose |
| E. | is the formation of galactose from fructose |
| Answer» B. is a process of breakdown of glycogen to reform glucose | |
| 45. |
Regarding ATP: |
| A. | ATP is a combination of adenine, ribose and 3 phosphate radicals |
| B. | ATP are present everywhere in the cytoplasm and nucleoplasm |
| C. | ATP is otherwise called the energy currency of the body |
| D. | ATP becomes GTP after the loss of one phosphate radical |
| E. | ATP is a labile chemical compound that is present in all cells |
| Answer» D. ATP becomes GTP after the loss of one phosphate radical | |
| 46. |
In the body, metabolism of 10gm protein would produce approximately: |
| A. | 1 Kcal |
| B. | 41 Kcal |
| C. | 410 Kcal |
| D. | 4100 Kcal |
| E. | 41 Cal |
| Answer» B. 41 Kcal | |
| 47. |
Regarding 1,25 dihydroxycholecalciferol (calcitriol): |
| A. | it is formed by the action of sunlight on pre vitamin D3 |
| B. | it exerts its action via stimulation of adenylcyclase |
| C. | it decreases calcium reabsorption from kidneys |
| D. | its formation is increased with elevated plasma Ca++ levels |
| E. | it causes increased formation of calbindin-D proteins |
| Answer» E. it causes increased formation of calbindin-D proteins | |
| 48. |
The following are active components in the peripheral circulation, EXCEPT: |
| A. | T3 |
| B. | T4 |
| C. | DIT |
| D. | RT3 |
| E. | all of the above |
| Answer» C. DIT | |
| 49. |
Calitriol (1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol) |
| A. | inhibits Ca++ absorption from the gut |
| B. | is formed in the proximal renal tubules from a less active precursor |
| C. | levels rise in response to increase serum PO4 levels |
| D. | inhibits osteoclasts function |
| E. | inhibits osteoblasts function |
| Answer» B. is formed in the proximal renal tubules from a less active precursor | |
| 50. |
Stimuli that increase renin secretion include all EXCEPT: |
| A. | hypotension |
| B. | Na+ depletion |
| C. | cardiac failure |
| D. | lying down |
| E. | diuretics |
| Answer» D. lying down | |
Done Studing? Take A Test.
Great job completing your study session! Now it's time to put your knowledge to the test. Challenge yourself, see how much you've learned, and identify areas for improvement. Don’t worry, this is all part of the journey to mastery. Ready for the next step? Take a quiz to solidify what you've just studied.