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110+ Abdomen - Pelvis Solved MCQs

in Anatomy

These multiple-choice questions (MCQs) are designed to enhance your knowledge and understanding in the following areas: Uncategorized topics .

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Chapter: Abdomen - Pelvis
1.

A midline abdominal incision below the umbilicus passes through all the following EXCEPT:

A. pyradmidalis
B. linea alba
C. extra peritoneal fat
D. transversalis fascia
E. Scarpa’s fascia
Answer» A. pyradmidalis
discuss
2.

The spleen:

A. has a lower pole which normally projects forward to the anterior axillary line
B. lies between the 8th and 10th ribs
C. has a long axis lying in the line of the 9th rib
D. as it enlarges, glides in contact with the anterior abdominal wall in front of the splenic flexure of the colon
E. when palpable on abdominal examination, is identified by being resonant to percussion
Answer» D. as it enlarges, glides in contact with the anterior abdominal wall in front of the splenic flexure of the colon
discuss
3.

Which is the most common site for the appendix found at appendicectomy?

A. retro-ileal
B. reto-caecal
C. pelvic
D. anterior to terminal ileum
E. below terminal ileum overlying psoas
Answer» B. reto-caecal
discuss
4.

The abdominal aorta:

A. passes into the abdomen behind the diaphragm at the level of the 10th thoracic vertebra
B. bifurcates at the level of the body of the 2nd lumbar vertebra
C. has a surface marking for its bifurcation as 2cm below and to the right of the umbilicus
D. gives rise to the coeliac artery at the level of the body of the 10th thoracic vertebra
E. has the renal arteries arising at the level of the body of the 1st lumbar vertebra
Answer» D. gives rise to the coeliac artery at the level of the body of the 10th thoracic vertebra
discuss
5.

With regard to the spleen, which is NOT true?

A. in splenomegaly, the splenic flexure of the colon lies superficial to its anterior border
B. its anterior border is notched
C. its medial relations include left kidney, lienorenal ligament, pancreas and lesser sac
D. it lies between the 9th and 11th ribs
E. accessory spleens occur in 10% of people
Answer» A. in splenomegaly, the splenic flexure of the colon lies superficial to its anterior border
discuss
6.

With regard to the duodenum, which is NOT true?

A. the duodenal cap has plicae circulares which are often evident on x-ray
B. the third part may be compressed by the superior mesenteric artery
C. the second part lies at level of 2nd lumbar vertebra in cadavers
D. the duodenal cap lies upon bile duct, hepatic artery and portal vein
E. the accessory pancreatic duct opens into it proximal to the ampulla of Vater
Answer» A. the duodenal cap has plicae circulares which are often evident on x-ray
discuss
7.

The ejaculatory ducts:

A. are formed by the union of the prostatic ducts and the ducts of the seminal vesicle
B. lie on the superior surface of the bladder
C. open into the membranous urethra
D. contract with parasympathetic stimulation
E. have none of the above properties
Answer» E. have none of the above properties
discuss
8.

The ureter passes deep to the:

A. femoral nerve
B. gonadal artery
C. psoas muscle
D. genitofemoral nerve
E. common iliac artery
Answer» B. gonadal artery
discuss
9.

With respect to the tet*cle:

A. the tunica albuginea overlies tunica vaginalis
B. the head of the epididymis is attached to the lower pole of the testis
C. the appendix testis (if present) is attached to the upper pole of the tet*cle
D. testicular and scrotal lymph drainage is the superficial inguinal nodes
E. parasympathetic supply is via the T10 segment of the cord
Answer» C. the appendix testis (if present) is attached to the upper pole of the tet*cle
discuss
10.

With regard to the spleen, which is NOT true?

A. it is in direct contact with the lesser sac
B. it projects into the greater sac
C. its anterior border is notched
D. it receives both sympathetic and parasympathetic supply
E. lymph drainage is via retropancreatic channels to the coeliac nodes
Answer» D. it receives both sympathetic and parasympathetic supply
discuss
11.

Regarding abdominal vascular anatomy, all of the following are true EXCEPT:

A. the left renal vein lies under the superior mesenteric artery
B. the appendix is supplied by the ileo colic branch of the superior mesenteric artery
C. the left gastro epiploic artery is a branch of the splenic artery
D. the portal vein lies posterior to the pylorus
E. the duodenum receives no supply from the superior mesenteric artery
Answer» E. the duodenum receives no supply from the superior mesenteric artery
discuss
12.

With regard to the ureter, which is NOT true?

A. it is narrowed at its halfway mark
B. it crosses the genitofemoral nerve under cover of peritoneum
C. the upper part of the right ureter lies behind the duodenum
D. it lies just lateral to the tips of the transverse processes of L3-5
E. it is adherent to the peritoneum of the posterior abdominal wal
Answer» D. it lies just lateral to the tips of the transverse processes of L3-5
discuss
13.

With regard to the female pelvis, which is NOT true?

A. the cervix is separated from the rectum by the Pouch of Douglas
B. the cervix is separated from the bladder by the vesicouterine pouch
C. the ureter passes 1-2cm lateral to the cervix
D. the ureter passes under both the broad ligament and the uterine artery
E. lymph drainage from the body of the uterus includes the inguinal nodes
Answer» B. the cervix is separated from the bladder by the vesicouterine pouch
discuss
14.

With regard to the duodenum:

A. it is wholly retro-peritoneal
B. it lies wholly inferior to gallbladder
C. the third part overlies the superior mesenteric vessels
D. the second part projects slightly behind the right renal hilus
E. the head of pancreas is wholly contained within its c-shaped loop
Answer» E. the head of pancreas is wholly contained within its c-shaped loop
discuss
15.

The transversalis fascia contributes to which of the following structures on the anterior abdominal wall?

A. superficial inguinal ring
B. deep inguinal ring
C. inguinal ligament
D. sac of an indirect inguinal hernia
E. anterior wall of the inguinal canal
Answer» B. deep inguinal ring
discuss
16.

The transpyloric plane of the abdomen (passing through the lower border of L1 vertebra) passes through:

A. the spleen
B. the third part of the duodenum
C. the tail of the pancreas
D. the origin of the superior mesenteric artery
E. the fundus of the gallbladder
Answer» D. the origin of the superior mesenteric artery
discuss
17.

Afferent pain fibres for the biliary tract:

A. as far as known do not exist; pain sensation relates to inflamed overlying parietal peritoneum
B. run with the vagus nerve to the Nucleus of the Solitary Tract
C. may run with the right phrenic nerve
D. run with spinal nerves to T2-5
E. do not respond to distension of the viscus
Answer» C. may run with the right phrenic nerve
discuss
18.

With regard to the usual vasculature of the abdomen, which is NOT true?

A. the splenic vein mainly drains into the inferior vena cava
B. the portal vein drains nearly all of the gastrointestinal tract and unpaired abdominal glands except liver
C. the left gastroepiploic artery and the short gastric arteries are branches of the splenic artery
D. the right gastric artery is a branch of the hepatic artery
E. the right gastroepiploic artery is a branch of the common hepatic artery
Answer» A. the splenic vein mainly drains into the inferior vena cava
discuss
19.

Which is NOT related to the kidneys as indicated:

A. the pleura posteriorly
B. the second part of the duodenum, anterior to the right kidney
C. the tail of the pancreas, anterior to the left kidney
D. the peritoneum of the lesser sac, anterior to the left kidney
E. the splenic artery, anterior to the lower pole of the left kidney
Answer» E. the splenic artery, anterior to the lower pole of the left kidney
discuss
20.

With regard to the kidneys, which is NOT true?

A. the renal nerves are from spinal segment T12-L1
B. at the hilum, the vein is anterior to the artery which is anterior to the ureter
C. in horseshoe kidneys, ureters pass behind the isthmus of the kidney substance
D. percutaneous renal biopsy is via a point 2.5cm below the 12th rib
E. renal fascia helps prevent spread of infection from perinephric abscesses
Answer» C. in horseshoe kidneys, ureters pass behind the isthmus of the kidney substance
discuss
21.

With regard to the urethra in the young adult male, which is NOT true?

A. the prostatic urethra is narrower than the membranous urethra
B. it is approximately 20cm long
C. has a short dilated region just proximal to the external urethral meatus
D. it is horizontal in cross-section when empty
E. the bulbous part is part of the spongy urethra
Answer» A. the prostatic urethra is narrower than the membranous urethra
discuss
22.

The first part of the duodenum:

A. lies at the level of L2 in the supine body
B. is approximately 10cm long in the adult
C. partially overlies the right crus of the diaphragm and psoas muscle
D. is entirely retroperitoneal
E. receives the common opening of the bile duct on its posteromedial wall
Answer» C. partially overlies the right crus of the diaphragm and psoas muscle
discuss
23.

Which of the following forms the posterior wall of the inguinal canal?

A. conjoint tendon
B. internal oblique muscle
C. transversus abdominus muscle
D. lacunar ligament
E. external oblique muscle
Answer» A. conjoint tendon
discuss
24.

Fibres of transversus abdominus arise from which part of the inguinal ligament?

A. medial one third
B. lateral one third
C. lateral two thirds
D. lateral half
E. middle one third
Answer» D. lateral half
discuss (2)
25.

A patient presents with a deep stab wound high up in the costovertebral angle beneath the 12th rib on the left side. The most likely internal injury is?

A. laceration of the infra-renal aorta
B. laceration of the right renal vascular pedicle
C. puncture of the 3rd part of the duodenum
D. puncture of the 4th part of the duodenum
E. pneumothorax of the left lung
Answer» E. pneumothorax of the left lung
discuss
26.

Concerning the abdominal aorta and branches:

A. the inferior mesenteric artery arises below the L4 lumbar arteries
B. the superior mesenteric artery arises at the level of L2
C. the renal artery arises below the level of the superior mesenteric artery
D. the suprarenal arteries arise above the coeliac trunk
E. the coeliac trunk is the highest branch of the abdominal aorta
Answer» C. the renal artery arises below the level of the superior mesenteric artery
discuss
27.

The relations of the THIRD part of the duodenum include:

A. the hilum of the right kidney
B. the attachment of the transverse mesocolon
C. the inferior pole of the right kidney
D. the superior mesenteric vein
E. the portal vein
Answer» D. the superior mesenteric vein
discuss
28.

All of the following are true regarding the pancreas EXCEPT:

A. the neck and body of the pancreas lie anterior to the first lumbar vertebrae
B. the neck of the pancreas lies over the right and left renal veins at the level of L2 vertebra
C. the splenic artery supplies all of the pancreas
D. parasympathetic vagal fibres stimulate the exocrine secretion from the gland
E. the uncinate process drains via an accessory pancreatic duct into the duodenum
Answer» C. the splenic artery supplies all of the pancreas
discuss
29.

The spleen:

A. weights 15 ounces
B. lies between the 8th and 11th ribs
C. has an identifiable notch on its posterior border
D. is supplied with parasympathetic fibres from coeliac plexus
E. lympatic drainage is to coeliac nodes
Answer» E. lympatic drainage is to coeliac nodes
discuss
30.

Regarding the kidneys:

A. the right kidney lies at a lower level to the left kidney
B. they lie inferior to the pleura
C. the hilum of the left kidney is separated from the peritoneum by the duodenum
D. the renal fascia encloses the kidney and suprarenal gland within the same sheath
E. the renal pelvis is lined with columnar epithelium
Answer» A. the right kidney lies at a lower level to the left kidney
discuss
31.

Regarding the ureters, which is INCORRECT?

A. the line of projection of the ureter on a radiograph is medial to the tips of the transverse processes of the lumbar vertebrae and crosses the pelvic brim at the sacroiliac joint
B. they exhibit peristaltic activity when stimulated
C. they are lined by transitional epithelium with a thick muscularis mucosae
D. they are supplied with sympathetic fibres from T11-L2
E. they are crossed superficially by the gonadal vessels
Answer» C. they are lined by transitional epithelium with a thick muscularis mucosae
discuss
32.

Regarding the inguinal canal:

A. the deep inguinal ring lies 1cm above and at the junction of the lateral third and medial two thirds of the inguinal ligament
B. the deep inguinal ring is formed by an opening in the transversalis fascia
C. an indirect inguinal hernia bulges into the inguinal triangle, posterior to the canal and medial to the inferior epigastric artery
D. contains the spermatic cord that has two fascial layers/coverings and eight contents
E. none
Answer» B. the deep inguinal ring is formed by an opening in the transversalis fascia
discuss
33.

Which structure does not enter the inguinal canal through the deep inguinal ring?

A. testicular artery
B. vas deferens
C. ilioinguinal nerve
D. genital branch of genitofemoral nerve
E. artery to the vas deferens
Answer» C. ilioinguinal nerve
discuss
34.

The testis:

A. the epididymis arises from the lower pole of the testis
B. the tunica vaginalis surrounds the testis but doe not encase the epididymis
C. vas deferens ascends on the anterior surface of the testis
D. the testicular appendix lies on the testis upper pole near the origin of the epididymis
E. none
Answer» D. the testicular appendix lies on the testis upper pole near the origin of the epididymis
discuss
35.

The testicular blood supply:

A. is mainly from the ductal artery
B. the right drains directly into the inferior vena cava
C. venous drainage does not have valves
D. a varicocoele is more common on the right than the left
E. none
Answer» B. the right drains directly into the inferior vena cava
discuss
36.

The transpyloric plane:

A. lies on a line connecting left and right 10th costal cartilages
B. lies at the level of T12
C. lies at the origin of the superior mesenteric artery off the aorta
D. is 2cm below the xiphisternum
E. none
Answer» C. lies at the origin of the superior mesenteric artery off the aorta
discuss
37.

Regarding potential spaces in the abdomen:

A. the entrance to the lesser sac is inferiorly via the transverse mesocolon foramen
B. the right hepatorenal pouch is the lowest lying region of the peritoneal cavity in the supine position (excluding pelvis)
C. the peritoneal cavity is divided into supracolic and infracolic by the epiploic foramen
D. the root of the mesentry of the small intestine is a small 2cm area at the duodenojejunal junction
E. none
Answer» B. the right hepatorenal pouch is the lowest lying region of the peritoneal cavity in the supine position (excluding pelvis)
discuss
38.

The forgut:

A. includes from the abdominal aorta to the end of the duodenum
B. is supplied by branches of the superior mesenteric artery
C. venous drainage includes the blood from the lower third of the oesophagus
D. drains entirely into the splenic vein
E. none
Answer» C. venous drainage includes the blood from the lower third of the oesophagus
discuss
39.

The midgut:

A. is from the opening of the bile duct into the duodenum to the ileocaecal junction
B. all venous drainage is to the superior mesenteric vein
C. superior mesenteric artery lies on the right side of the superior mesenteric vein
D. superior mesenteric artery originates off the aorta at L3
E. none
Answer» B. all venous drainage is to the superior mesenteric vein
discuss
40.

The inferior mesenteric artery arises:

A. at L3
B. behind the inferior border of the third part of the duodenum
C. at the level of the umbilicus
D. 3-4cm above the aortic bifurcation
E. all of the above
Answer» E. all of the above
discuss
41.

The nerve supply to the stomach:

A. the anterior vagal trunk alone controls the pyloric sphincter
B. the posterior vagal trunk alone controls the pyloric sphincter
C. secretion is controlled by sympathetic supply
D. the posterior vagal trunk is in contact with the left side of the oesophagus
E. none
Answer» A. the anterior vagal trunk alone controls the pyloric sphincter
discuss
42.

The liver:

A. lies from the 7th to the 11th left ribs along the midaxillary line
B. is normally completely under the costal margin
C. the upper margin is the 4th costal cartilage
D. blood supply divides into left and right supplying the lobes as divided by the falciform ligament
E. none
Answer» A. lies from the 7th to the 11th left ribs along the midaxillary line
discuss
43.

The spleen:

A. is a retroperitoneal organ
B. lies along the axis of the left 10th rib
C. lymphatics drain to the superior mesenteric paraaortic nodes
D. pain fibres accompany sympathetic fibres and pain may radiate in the distribution of thoracic dermatomes 6-10
E. none
Answer» B. lies along the axis of the left 10th rib
discuss
44.

Which nerve passes through psoas muscle and emerges anteriorly to run down the front of the muscle?

A. ilioinguinal
B. iliohypogastric
C. genitofemoral
D. lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh
E. none
Answer» C. genitofemoral
discuss
45.

Regarding the anterior abdominal wall:

A. the arcuate lines lie midway between the symphysis pubis and umbilicus
B. between the umbilicus and the lateral margin transversus aponeurosis lies posterior the rectus
C. the inferior epigastric artery originates from the internal iliac
D. it gives support to the liver and spleen
E. the ilioinguinal nerve passes through the deep inguinal ring
Answer» B. between the umbilicus and the lateral margin transversus aponeurosis lies posterior the rectus
discuss
46.

Pelvic joints and ligaments:

A. the sacroiliac joint is a fibrous joint between the auricular surfaces of the ilium and sacrum
B. the wedge shape of the sacrum contributes to its stability
C. the coccygeous muscle lies on the pelvic surface of the sacrotuberous ligament
D. the sacrotuberous and sacrospinous ligaments enclose the greater sciatic foramen
E. the iliolumbar ligament is V-shaped with the apex attached to L5
Answer» E. the iliolumbar ligament is V-shaped with the apex attached to L5
discuss
47.

Pelvic joints and ligaments

A. muscles of pelvis include obturator externus and piriformis
B. piriformis arises from the lower third part of the sacrum
C. the sigmoid colon becomes the section at the level of the 4th part of the sacrum
D. the rectum has no mesentery
E. the pelvic brim follows the line of the pubic crest, pectineal line of pubis, iliac crests and ala and promentary of the sacrum
Answer» D. the rectum has no mesentery
discuss
48.

Perineum:

A. the lymphatic drainage from the scrotum goes to para-aortic nodes
B. lymphatic drainage from the rectum passes to internal iliac nodes from the upper part and to superficial inguinal group from the lower part
C. superior rectal branches of the pudendal nerves supply the external and sphincter
D. the internal anal sphincter is composed of skeletal muscle
E. the anal canal consists of inner circular muscle fibres and outer longitudinal fibres
Answer» B. lymphatic drainage from the rectum passes to internal iliac nodes from the upper part and to superficial inguinal group from the lower part
discuss
49.

Nerves of pelvis, branches of sacral plexus include all EXCEPT:

A. nerves to piriformis
B. pelvis splanchnic nerve
C. obturator nerve
D. pudendal nerve
E. posterior femoral cutaneous nerve
Answer» C. obturator nerve
discuss
50.

All but which are transected / at the level of the transpylonic plane?

A. superior mesenteric artery leaves aorta
B. splenic vein joins superior mesenteric vein to become the portal vein
C. hila of kidneys
D. lower border L1 vertebra
E. gall bladder
Answer» C. hila of kidneys
discuss

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