McqMate
Chapters
| 1. |
Regarding the anterior body wall |
| A. | The umbilicus receives cutaneous innervation from T8 |
| B. | The neurovascular bundle lies between the external and the internal intercostal muscles |
| C. | The nipple receives cutaneous innervation from T6 |
| D. | The intercostal nerve lies inferior to the intercostal artery |
| E. | The suprapubic skin is innervated by T10 |
| Answer» D. The intercostal nerve lies inferior to the intercostal artery | |
| 2. |
The oesophageal opening in the diaphragm transmits all except: |
| A. | Vagal nerve trunk |
| B. | Oesophageal branches of gastric artery |
| C. | Lymphatics |
| D. | Right phrenic nerve |
| E. | Veins – oesophageal branches of gastric veins |
| Answer» D. Right phrenic nerve | |
| 3. |
The vena caval opening foramen in the diaphragm lies at the level of |
| A. | T12 |
| B. | T8 |
| C. | T10 |
| D. | L1 |
| E. | C7 |
| Answer» B. T8 | |
| 4. |
Regarding the descending part of the thoracic aorta |
| A. | It is a component of the middle mediastinum |
| B. | It begins at the level of T3 vertebra |
| C. | It passes through the diaphragm behind the lateral arcuate ligament |
| D. | It begins at the beginning of the arch of the aorta |
| E. | It passes to the abdomen at the level of T12 |
| Answer» E. It passes to the abdomen at the level of T12 | |
| 5. |
Regarding surface markings of the lungs the following is true |
| A. | Apex of lungs rises 5cm above the lateral third of clavicle |
| B. | Oblique fissure follows approximately the axis of 6th rib |
| C. | The two pleura diverge away at 6th costal cartilage level behind sternum |
| D. | Transverse fissure of right lung is at 6th costal cartilage level |
| E. | Oblique fissure following medial border of scapula on abducted arm |
| Answer» E. Oblique fissure following medial border of scapula on abducted arm | |
| 6. |
Which heart valve has two cusps? |
| A. | Aortic |
| B. | Mitral |
| C. | Pulmonary |
| D. | Pulmonary and aortic |
| E. | Tricuspid |
| Answer» B. Mitral | |
| 7. |
In the lung |
| A. | The horizontal fissue is always present in the right side |
| B. | The fissures create a roughened surface to promote easier expansion |
| C. | The obliquity of the fissure ensures better expansion of the apex of the lung |
| D. | The lingual is a separate lobe of the left side |
| E. | Only 2% of lungs have incomplete oblique fissures |
| Answer» C. The obliquity of the fissure ensures better expansion of the apex of the lung | |
| 8. |
The right phrenic nerve |
| A. | Passes down through the mediastinum posterior to the lung root |
| B. | Is the sole motor supply to the right dome of diaphragm and crus |
| C. | Gives off the right recurrent laryngeal nerve in the neck |
| D. | Contains 50% motor and 50% sensory fibres |
| E. | Divides into two main branches on the under surface of diaphragm |
| Answer» B. Is the sole motor supply to the right dome of diaphragm and crus | |
| 9. |
Within the thoracic inlet |
| A. | The oesophagus lies against the body of C5 |
| B. | The arch of aorta passes from right to left |
| C. | On the right side, the trachea is separated from the vagus nerve and apex of the lung |
| D. | The veins entering the superior mediastinum lie behind the arteries |
| E. | The trachea touches the jugular notch of the manubrium |
| Answer» E. The trachea touches the jugular notch of the manubrium | |
| 10. |
Left dominance means |
| A. | Left side of the heart is more important |
| B. | Posterior interventricular branch is given off from right coronary artery |
| C. | Posterior interventricular branch is given off bya a large anterior interventricular artery traveling off left coronary artery |
| D. | It is more common than right dominance |
| E. | It is given off directly from left coronary artery |
| Answer» C. Posterior interventricular branch is given off bya a large anterior interventricular artery traveling off left coronary artery | |
| 11. |
In the chest wall |
| A. | The intercostal artery is more superficial than the vein |
| B. | The intercostal artery lies between the intercostal nerve and vein |
| C. | The transverses muscle lies between the external and internal intercostals |
| D. | The neurovascular bundle lies between the external and internal intercostals |
| E. | All of the above |
| Answer» B. The intercostal artery lies between the intercostal nerve and vein | |
| 12. |
The oesophageal opening in the diaphragm is opposite |
| A. | T6 |
| B. | T8 |
| C. | T10 |
| D. | T11 |
| E. | T12 |
| Answer» C. T10 | |
| 13. |
The most superficial structure in the thoracic inlet is |
| A. | Vagus nerve |
| B. | Right subclavian artery |
| C. | Left subclavian artery |
| D. | Thoracic duct |
| E. | Superior vena cava |
| Answer» E. Superior vena cava | |
| 14. |
The diaphragm |
| A. | Has the oesophageal opening opposite T8 vertebra |
| B. | Is supplied by the 5th, 6th and 7th cervical nerve roots |
| C. | Has a major role in expiration |
| D. | Has a vena caval foramen opposite T10 vertebra |
| E. | Has an aortic opening opposite T12 vertebra |
| Answer» E. Has an aortic opening opposite T12 vertebra | |
| 15. |
In the thorax |
| A. | The carina lies at the level of the upper border of the T4 vertebra in the cadaver |
| B. | The thoracic duct drains into the superior vena cava |
| C. | C4 and T3 are adjacent dermatomes |
| D. | The trachea lies in contact with the manubrium |
| E. | The apex of the lung is above the thoracic inlet |
| Answer» D. The trachea lies in contact with the manubrium | |
| 16. |
Which of the following is not true of the surface markings of the left pleura? |
| A. | It lies behind the sternoclavicular joint |
| B. | It lies in the midline behind the angle of Louis |
| C. | It lies at the level of the 6th rib in the midclavicular line |
| D. | It crosses the midaxillary line at the level of the 10th rib |
| E. | It crosses the 12th rib at the lateral border of the sacrospinalis muscle |
| Answer» C. It lies at the level of the 6th rib in the midclavicular line | |
| 17. |
In the anatomical position, the heart: |
| A. | Has a right border comprised of right atrium and right ventricle |
| B. | Has an anterior (sternocostal) surface comprised of right atrium, right ventricle and a strip of left ventricle |
| C. | Has a posterior surface comprised of left atrium, 4 pulmonary veins and left ventricle |
| D. | Has an inferior (diaphragmatic) surface comprised of left atrium, inferior vena cava and right ventricle |
| E. | All of the above are true |
| Answer» B. Has an anterior (sternocostal) surface comprised of right atrium, right ventricle and a strip of left ventricle | |
| 18. |
With respect to the contents of the posterior mediastinum, all are true except: |
| A. | The oesophagus extends from the level of cricoid cartilage to traverse the diaphragm at T10 |
| B. | The descending thoracic aorta gives off the posterior intercostals arteries |
| C. | It contains the perihilar lymph nodes |
| D. | The oesophagus is 25cm in length |
| E. | The descending aorta commences at the lower level of T4 vertebra |
| Answer» C. It contains the perihilar lymph nodes | |
| 19. |
Which is true of the sternum? |
| A. | Jugular notch lies at the level of T4 |
| B. | 2nd costal cartilage articulates separately with the manubrium and the body of the sternum |
| C. | sternohyoid attaches to the manubrium, below the 1st costal cartilage |
| D. | interclavicular ligament makes no attachment to the sternum |
| E. | posterior surface of the manubrium is completely covered with pleura |
| Answer» B. 2nd costal cartilage articulates separately with the manubrium and the body of the sternum | |
| 20. |
Which is not a feature of a typical rib? |
| A. | Medial facet of the tubercle faces backwards |
| B. | Angle is the most posterior point |
| C. | Necks are all of equal length |
| D. | There are 3 costotransverse ligaments |
| E. | Intraarticular ligament attaches from horizontal ridge on the head to the intervertebral disc |
| Answer» C. Necks are all of equal length | |
| 21. |
Which is not true of the oesophagus? |
| A. | There is usually a constriction at 27cm from the lips, where the left main bronchus crosses |
| B. | Crosses in front of the descending aorta |
| C. | Upper part drains into the azygos vein |
| D. | Begins at the level of C6 vertebra |
| E. | Receives nerve supply from the recurrent laryngeal nerve |
| Answer» C. Upper part drains into the azygos vein | |
| 22. |
Phrenic nerve supplies the sensation to all but |
| A. | Diaphragm |
| B. | Mediastinal pleura |
| C. | Peritoneum |
| D. | Left ventricle |
| E. | Pericardium |
| Answer» D. Left ventricle | |
| 23. |
Which is true of the vagus nerves? |
| A. | Left vagus is held away from the trachea by branches of the aortic arch |
| B. | Run in front of the lung roots |
| C. | Vagal trunks receive fibres from the ipsilateral nerve only |
| D. | Left vagus crosses the aortic arch superficial to the left superior intercostal vein |
| E. | Right vagus runs superficial to the azygos vein |
| Answer» A. Left vagus is held away from the trachea by branches of the aortic arch | |
| 24. |
Which is true of the thoracic sympathetic trunk |
| A. | Passes into the abdomen behind lateral arcuate ligament |
| B. | Greater splanchnic nerve comes from 3rd to 7th cervical ganglia |
| C. | 1st thoracic ganglion often fuses with the inferior cervical ganglion |
| D. | crosses 1st rib lateral to the superior intercostals artery |
| E. | gives fibres to the oesophageal plexus |
| Answer» E. gives fibres to the oesophageal plexus | |
| 25. |
Pleural reflection lies at which rib level in the midaxillary line? |
| A. | 6th |
| B. | 8th |
| C. | 9th |
| D. | 10th |
| E. | 12th |
| Answer» D. 10th | |
| 26. |
What lies posterior to the right root of lung |
| A. | Aorta |
| B. | Right phrenic nerve |
| C. | Right vagus nerve |
| E. | 12th |
| Answer» C. Right vagus nerve | |
| 27. |
Regarding the right coronary artery |
| A. | Course through the left auricle and infundibulum |
| B. | Supplies 60% of AV nodes |
| C. | Usually has a posterior interventricular branch |
| D. | Supplies 30% of SA nodes |
| E. | 12th |
| Answer» C. Usually has a posterior interventricular branch | |
| 28. |
The thoracic duct |
| A. | Commences level with the body of T10 |
| B. | Enters the point of confluence of the left internal jugular and axillary vein |
| C. | Receives the left jugular and subclavian lymph trunks |
| D. | Receives lymph from the right thoracic wall |
| E. | Passes in front of the oesophagus |
| Answer» C. Receives the left jugular and subclavian lymph trunks | |
| 29. |
The phrenic nerve |
| A. | Attempts to reach the midline at all levels |
| B. | Is solely motor |
| C. | Lies in front of the lung root |
| D. | Passes through the diaphragm at T12 |
| E. | Splits into two main branches on the undersurface of the diaphragm |
| Answer» C. Lies in front of the lung root | |
| 30. |
In the chest wall |
| A. | The neurovascular bundle lies between the external and internal intercostals |
| B. | The transverses muscle lies between the internal and external intercostals |
| C. | The intercostal artery lies netween the nerve and vein |
| D. | The intercostal artery is more superficial than the vein |
| E. | All of the above |
| Answer» C. The intercostal artery lies netween the nerve and vein | |
| 31. |
The oesophageal opening in the diaphragm is at |
| A. | T6 |
| B. | T8 |
| C. | T10 |
| D. | T12 |
| E. | L1 |
| Answer» C. T10 | |
| 32. |
The trachea |
| A. | Drains to axillary lymph nodes |
| B. | Is supplied by glossopharyngeal nerve |
| C. | Is marked at its lower end by the sternal angle |
| D. | Enters the thoracic inlet slightly to the left |
| E. | Commences below the cricoid at the level of C5 |
| Answer» C. Is marked at its lower end by the sternal angle | |
| 33. |
The most superficial structure in the thoracic inlet is the |
| A. | Vagus nerve |
| B. | Superior vena cava |
| C. | Right subclavian artery |
| D. | Left subclavian artery |
| E. | Thoracic duct |
| Answer» B. Superior vena cava | |
| 34. |
The diaphragm |
| A. | Has the oesophageal opening opposite the T8 vertebrae |
| B. | Is supplied by C4, 5, 6 |
| C. | Has a major role in expiration |
| D. | Has a vena caval opening at T10 |
| E. | Has an aortic opening opposite T12 |
| Answer» E. Has an aortic opening opposite T12 | |
| 35. |
Which passes through the diaphragm with the oesophagus? |
| A. | Azygos vein |
| B. | Right vagus |
| C. | Sympathetic trunks |
| D. | Thoracic duct |
| E. | Phrenic nerves |
| Answer» B. Right vagus | |
| 36. |
With regard to the coronary arteries |
| A. | Right arises from the posterior coronary sinus |
| B. | Left supplies the conducting system in most patients |
| C. | Right supplies the posterior descending branch in most patients |
| D. | There are no arteriolar anastomoses between left and right |
| E. | Phrenic nerves |
| Answer» C. Right supplies the posterior descending branch in most patients | |
| 37. |
Regarding bronchopulmonary segments, which is FALSE? |
| A. | There are approximately 10 segments in each lung |
| B. | The lingual is divided into upper and lower segments |
| E. | Phrenic nerves |
| Answer» B. The lingual is divided into upper and lower segments | |
| 38. |
Which muscle is NOT used in forced expiration? |
| A. | Transverses abdominis |
| B. | Rectus abdominis |
| C. | Diaphragm |
| D. | External oblique |
| E. | Internal oblique |
| Answer» C. Diaphragm | |
| 39. |
Which vessel passes directly behind the right hilum? |
| A. | Right phrenic nerve |
| B. | Right vagus nerve |
| C. | Azygos vein |
| D. | Internal mammary artery |
| E. | Hemi-azygos vein |
| Answer» C. Azygos vein | |
| 40. |
In the superior mediastinum |
| A. | The apex of the left lung abuts the trachea |
| B. | The left vagus is in contact with the trachea |
| C. | The right phrenic descends in contact with SVC |
| D. | The azygos vein hooks under the right main bronchus |
| E. | SVC runs posterior to the right main bronchus |
| Answer» C. The right phrenic descends in contact with SVC | |
| 41. |
Regarding the diaphragm |
| A. | Its fibres arise in continuity with those of the internal oblique muscle |
| B. | It has a central tendon which is fused inseparably to the visceral pericardium |
| C. | Its right crus is fixed to the upper two lumbar vertebrae |
| D. | 95% of its muscle fibres are of the slow twitch fatigue resistant variety |
| E. | its proprioceptive fibres come from the lower intercostal nerves |
| Answer» B. It has a central tendon which is fused inseparably to the visceral pericardium | |
| 42. |
The diaphragm |
| A. | Has an aortic opening which transmits the right vagus nerve |
| B. | Has an oesophageal opening at the level of T8 |
| C. | Is pierced by the left phrenic nerve at the left dome |
| D. | Is supplied in its central part mainly by the pericardiophrenic and musculophrenic arteries |
| E. | Has a left dome which lies higher than the right dome |
| Answer» C. Is pierced by the left phrenic nerve at the left dome | |
| 43. |
The major arterial supply to the interventricular septum originates from the |
| A. | Circumflex artery |
| B. | Marginal artery |
| C. | Posterior descending |
| D. | Anterior descending |
| E. | Conus artery |
| Answer» C. Posterior descending | |
| 44. |
The vagus nerve |
| A. | Arises in a series of rootlets from the pons |
| B. | Lies outside the carotid sheath in the neck |
| C. | Supplies muscles of the larynx via the recurrent laryngeal nerve |
| D. | Passes in front of the root of the lung |
| E. | Has a superior and inferior ganglion within the jugular fossa |
| Answer» C. Supplies muscles of the larynx via the recurrent laryngeal nerve | |
| 45. |
Regarding the surface markings of the lung and pleura |
| A. | The border of the lung lies two ribs below the pleural reflection |
| B. | The hilum of the lungs lie at the level of T10 verterbra |
| C. | The oblique fissure follows the line of T10 vertebra |
| D. | The oblique fissure follows the line of the 5th rib |
| E. | The horizontal fissure meets the oblique fissure in the left midaxillary line |
| Answer» C. The oblique fissure follows the line of T10 vertebra | |
| 46. |
Thoracic skeleton: |
| A. | the function of the ribs is primarily to protect the thoracic contents |
| B. | each rib articulates with its own thoracic vertebra and the one above |
| C. | the tubercle of a typical rib has two facets, the lateral facet being non-articular |
| D. | the 2nd to 7th sternocostal joints are synovial type, each with a single cavity |
| E. | the body of the sternum usually fuses with the manubrium with advancing age |
| Answer» C. the tubercle of a typical rib has two facets, the lateral facet being non-articular | |
| 47. |
Diaphragm: |
| A. | median arcuate ligament is at L1 |
| B. | vena caval opening transmits IVC and left phrenic nerve |
| C. | oesophageal opening is at T8 |
| D. | expiration depends on active contraction of the diaphragm |
| E. | the motor supply to the diaphragm is solely from the phrenic nerves |
| Answer» E. the motor supply to the diaphragm is solely from the phrenic nerves | |
| 48. |
With respect to the thoracic wall, which is TRUE? |
| A. | intercostal and lumbar arteries pass forward in the neurovascular plane between internal and external oblique |
| B. | lymphatic drainage above the umbilicus drains posteriorly to the scapular (post) group of axillary nodes |
| C. | division of a single intercostal nerve causes anaesthesia in its supply area |
| D. | the thoracoepigastric vein unites the internal thoracic vein and the superficial epigastric vein – connecting IVC and SUC |
| E. | venous return follows intercostal and lumbar arteries only |
| Answer» B. lymphatic drainage above the umbilicus drains posteriorly to the scapular (post) group of axillary nodes | |
| 49. |
The oesophagus passes through the diaphragm at the level of T10 vertebra. It is accompanied by: |
| A. | right phrenic nerve |
| B. | left phrenic nerve |
| C. | oesophageal branch of the right gastric artery |
| D. | vagal trunks |
| E. | hemiazygous vein |
| Answer» D. vagal trunks | |
| 50. |
The aorta passes through the diaphragm at the level of T12. It is accompanied by: |
| A. | azygous vein |
| B. | thoracic duct |
| C. | hemiazygous vein |
| D. | a and b correct |
| E. | a, b and c correct |
| Answer» D. a and b correct | |
| 51. |
The IVC passes through the diaphragm at the level of T8, which is TRUE? |
| A. | this occurs to the left of the midline behind the 7th costal cartilage |
| B. | the left phrenic nerve accompanies it |
| C. | this occurs behind the 8th right costal cartilage |
| D. | the right phrenic nerve accompanies it |
| E. | it passes between the muscular levels of the diaphragm |
| Answer» D. the right phrenic nerve accompanies it | |
| 52. |
Accessory muscles of inspiration include all EXCEPT: |
| A. | scalene muscles |
| B. | latissimus dorsi |
| C. | sternocleidomastoid |
| D. | quadratus lumborum |
| E. | erector spinae |
| Answer» B. latissimus dorsi | |
| 53. |
With respect to the superior mediastinum, which is FALSE? |
| A. | the trachea is separated from the apex of the left lung by the left common carotid and left subclavian |
| B. | the SUC and brachiocephalic veins lie anterior to the brachiocephalic trunk |
| C. | the vagus nerve (right) lies medial to the right common carotid artery |
| D. | the trachea bifurcates at the lower limit of the superior mediastinum |
| E. | the thymus lies behind the manubrium |
| Answer» C. the vagus nerve (right) lies medial to the right common carotid artery | |
| 54. |
With respect to the mediastinum: |
| A. | the vagus nerves pass in front of the lung roots |
| B. | the phrenic nerves pass behind the lung roots |
| C. | the vagus nerves pass behind the lung roots |
| D. | the left phrenic passes anterior to the left bronchus and exits the diaphragm through the IVC opening |
| E. | the right recurrent laryngeal nerve hooks around the ligamentum arteriosum |
| Answer» C. the vagus nerves pass behind the lung roots | |
| 55. |
With respect to the cardiac plexuses: |
| A. | the superficial plexus lies to the right of the ligamentum arteriosum, in front of the tracheal bifurcation, behind the aortic arch |
| B. | the deep plexus is smaller and lies in front of the ligamentum arteriosum |
| C. | the plexuses consist only of sympathetic and parasympathetic fibres |
| D. | pain fibres run with sympathetic nerves → sympathetic ganglia (3 cervical and upper 4-5 thoracic ganglia of both sides) |
| E. | sympathetic fibres accelerate the heart and constrict the coronary arteries |
| Answer» D. pain fibres run with sympathetic nerves → sympathetic ganglia (3 cervical and upper 4-5 thoracic ganglia of both sides) | |
| 56. |
With respect to the heart: |
| A. | the inferior (diaphragmatic) surface is made up of one third right ventricle and two thirds left ventricle, separated by the posterior interventricular branch of the left coronary artery |
| B. | the right border of the heart extends from the lower border of the right 3rd costal cartilage to the lower border of the right 6th costal cartilage |
| C. | the posterior surface (base) consists almost entirely of the left atrium receiving the three pulmonary veins |
| D. | the left border consists of the left ventricle only |
| E. | the right border consists mostly of the right atrium |
| Answer» B. the right border of the heart extends from the lower border of the right 3rd costal cartilage to the lower border of the right 6th costal cartilage | |
| 57. |
All but which of the following are tributaries of the coronary sinus of the heart? |
| A. | the anterior cardiac vein |
| B. | the great cardiac vein |
| C. | the middle cardiac vein |
| D. | the oblique vein (of the LA) |
| E. | the posterior vein of the LV |
| Answer» A. the anterior cardiac vein | |
| 58. |
The posterior mediastinum contains all but which of the following? |
| A. | thoracic aorta |
| B. | oesophagus |
| C. | accessory hemiazygous vein |
| D. | the azygous vein |
| E. | the sympathetic trunks |
| Answer» E. the sympathetic trunks | |
| 59. |
With respect to the root of the lung: |
| A. | the left pulmonary artery is longer than the right |
| B. | the bronchial branch to the upper lobe is separate on the left |
| C. | the pulmonary veins lie anterior and inferior to bronchus |
| D. | the pulmonary ligament connects the right and left lungs directly |
| E. | the pulmonary trunk divides in front of the right main bronchus |
| Answer» C. the pulmonary veins lie anterior and inferior to bronchus | |
| 60. |
The deep cardiac plexus: |
| A. | is functionally separate from the superficial cardiac plexus |
| B. | lies to the right of ligamentum arteriosum |
| C. | receives predominantly right phrenic input |
| D. | is posterior to the bifurcation of the trachea |
| E. | is smaller than the superficial cardiac plexus |
| Answer» B. lies to the right of ligamentum arteriosum | |
| 61. |
The abdominal inferior vena cava: |
| A. | is shorter than the abdominal aorta |
| B. | enters the thorax through muscular diaphragm at T8 |
| C. | creates a groove over the quadrate lobe of liver |
| D. | crosses the right renal and suprarenal arteries |
| E. | commences in front of the right common iliac artery |
| Answer» D. crosses the right renal and suprarenal arteries | |
| 62. |
The testicular veins: |
| A. | have valves at their terminations |
| B. | is formed by two venae comitantes in the pelvis |
| C. | enter the inferior vena cava |
| D. | receive the suprarenal veins as tributaries |
| E. | none of the above |
| Answer» A. have valves at their terminations | |
| 63. |
Regarding the ribs: |
| A. | the 1st costal cartilage articulates with the manubrium by a synovial joint |
| B. | the radiate ligament has two bands, upper and lower |
| C. | the typical ribs are 3rd to 10th |
| D. | the groove for the subclavian artery is anterior to the scalene tubercle on the 1st rib |
| E. | the angle of the 2nd rib is the most posterior part of its curvature |
| Answer» E. the angle of the 2nd rib is the most posterior part of its curvature | |
| 64. |
Regarding attachments to the thoracic cage: |
| A. | pectoralis major has slips of origin from the upper 8 costal cartilages |
| B. | the first digitation of serratus anterior attaches to the 1st and 2nd rib |
| C. | rectus abdominus is attached to the anterior surfaces of the 7th to 10th costal cartilages |
| D. | iliocostalis and longissimus, parts of erector spinae, are attached between the heads and tubercles of each rib |
| E. | serratus anterior is attached to the lower 8 ribs |
| Answer» B. the first digitation of serratus anterior attaches to the 1st and 2nd rib | |
| 65. |
In the superior mediastinum: |
| A. | the azygous vein arches under the right main bronchus |
| B. | the right brachiocephalic vein receives the thoracic duct |
| C. | the aortic arch is crossed on the left side by the phrenic and vagus nerves |
| D. | the superficial cardiac plexus contains right and left vagal and sympathetic fibres |
| E. | the superior vena cava receives the azygous vein at the lower border of the right 1st costal cartilage |
| Answer» C. the aortic arch is crossed on the left side by the phrenic and vagus nerves | |
| 66. |
Regarding the pericardium: |
| A. | the superior vena cava does not fuse with the fibrous pericardium |
| B. | the transverse sinus separates the four pulmonary veins |
| C. | the parietal layer of the serous pericardium has no nerve supply |
| D. | the strong sternopericardial ligaments connect fibrous pericardium to upper/lower ends of sternum |
| E. | the oblique sinus permits pulsation of the left atrium |
| Answer» E. the oblique sinus permits pulsation of the left atrium | |
| 67. |
Regarding the gastrointestinal tract: |
| A. | the oesophagus enters the abdomen at T8 level |
| B. | the right gastric artery is a branch of the splenic artery |
| C. | the hepatopancreatic ampilla opens into the horizontal part of the duodenum |
| D. | the taeniae coli converge at the ileocaecal valve |
| E. | McBurneys point is one third of the way up the oblique line that joins the right anterior superior iliac spine to the umbilicus |
| Answer» E. McBurneys point is one third of the way up the oblique line that joins the right anterior superior iliac spine to the umbilicus | |
| 68. |
The pelvic splanchnic nerves are: |
| A. | derived from S1, 2, 3, 4 |
| B. | motor to the mm of bladder neck and anal sphincter |
| C. | motor to all the gut |
| D. | secretomotor to the gut from splenic flexure dome |
| E. | sympathetic nerves |
| Answer» D. secretomotor to the gut from splenic flexure dome | |
| 69. |
The anterior third of the serotom is supplied by: |
| A. | ilioinguinal nerve |
| B. | sciatic nerve branches |
| C. | peroneal branches of the posterior femoral cutaneous nerve |
| D. | a branch of the pudendal nerve |
| E. | none of the above |
| Answer» A. ilioinguinal nerve | |
| 70. |
The ureters: |
| A. | are 25cm long |
| B. | are crossed anteriorly by gonadal vessels |
| C. | leave the psoas muscle at the bifurcation of the common iliac artery |
| D. | are retroperitoneal |
| E. | all of the above |
| Answer» E. all of the above | |
| 71. |
Regarding intercostal blood vessels: |
| A. | in each space there are single anterior and posterior intercostal veins |
| B. | right sided superior intercostal vv drain into the brachiocephalic vein |
| C. | the second intercostal space does not contain a posterior intercostal artery |
| D. | all intercostal vv are branches of the descending thoracic aorta |
| E. | all this is clinically relevant |
| Answer» C. the second intercostal space does not contain a posterior intercostal artery | |
| 72. |
Regarding blood supply to the heart: |
| A. | the SA nodal artery is more commonly a branch of the left coronary artery |
| B. | 40% of hearts show “left dominance” |
| C. | the marginal and anterior interventricular arteries are the main branches of the left coronary artery |
| D. | the right coronary artery arises from the posterior aortic sinus |
| E. | the circumflex artery travels in the atrioventricular groove |
| Answer» E. the circumflex artery travels in the atrioventricular groove | |
| 73. |
With respect to the bronchi: |
| A. | the carina lies to the left of the midline |
| B. | the left apicoposterior bronchus of the upper lobe rises highest from the posterior surface of the lung |
| C. | each lung has eight segmental bronchi |
| D. | the left main bronchus is shorter than the right |
| E. | blood supply is via the pulmonary arteries |
| Answer» A. the carina lies to the left of the midline | |
| 74. |
The thoracic duct: |
| A. | commences at L1 |
| B. | passes through the oesophageal opening of the diaphragm (T10) |
| C. | enters the right side of the superior mediastinum |
| D. | does not drain the right arm |
| E. | terminates in the inferior vena cava |
| Answer» D. does not drain the right arm | |
| 75. |
The oesophageal opening in the diaphragm transmits: |
| A. | azygous vein |
| B. | vagus nerve |
| C. | right phrenic nerve |
| D. | sympathetic trunk |
| E. | thoracic duct |
| Answer» B. vagus nerve | |
| 76. |
Regarding the intercostal space: |
| A. | the neurovascular space lies deep to the transversus group |
| B. | the collateral nerves lie just above the ribs |
| C. | the first intercostal nerve does not supply muscle |
| D. | the lower third intercostal nerves supply the abdominal wall |
| E. | all intercostal arteries are branches of the descending thoracic aorta |
| Answer» B. the collateral nerves lie just above the ribs | |
| 77. |
The azygous vein: |
| A. | has an avascular fibrous cord in the abdomen |
| B. | begins as the union of ascending lumbar vein with the subcostal vein on the left side |
| C. | arches over the right pulmonary artery |
| D. | receives veins from the upper third of the oesophagus |
| E. | usually enters the brachiocephalic vein |
| Answer» A. has an avascular fibrous cord in the abdomen | |
| 78. |
Which doesn’t drain into the cardiac sinus? |
| A. | great cardiac vein |
| B. | anterior cardiac vein |
| C. | small cardiac vein |
| D. | oblique vein of the left atrium |
| E. | posterior vein of the left ventricle |
| Answer» B. anterior cardiac vein | |
| 79. |
The cardiac plexus: |
| A. | has a larger superficial part and a smaller deep part |
| B. | is made up of sympathetic and parasympathetic fibres only |
| C. | receives fibres from the left vagus nerve and left cervical sympathetic ganglion only into the superficial part |
| D. | the deep part lies to the left of the ligamentum arteriosum |
| E. | has preganglionic sympathetic fibres |
| Answer» C. receives fibres from the left vagus nerve and left cervical sympathetic ganglion only into the superficial part | |
| 80. |
Regarding the pericardium: |
| A. | the transverse sinus separates the four pulmonary veins |
| B. | the parietal layer of the serous pericardium has no nerve supply |
| C. | the fibrous pericardium is fused with the IVC |
| D. | the fibrous pericardium is supplied by the phrenic nerve |
| E. | strong sternopericardial ligaments connect the fibrous pericardium to the sternum |
| Answer» D. the fibrous pericardium is supplied by the phrenic nerve | |
| 81. |
Which muscle is not used in inspiration? |
| A. | erector spinae |
| B. | quadratus lumborum |
| C. | latissimus dorsi |
| D. | transversus thoracis |
| E. | pectoralis major |
| Answer» D. transversus thoracis | |
| 82. |
Which is not found in the posterior mediastinum? |
| A. | descending thoracic aorta |
| B. | thoracic duct |
| C. | phrenic nerves |
| D. | azygous vein |
| E. | lymph nodes |
| Answer» C. phrenic nerves | |
| 83. |
Regarding the phrenic nerves: |
| A. | pass behind anterior scalene muscle |
| B. | the right nerve pierces the muscular part of the diaphragm |
| C. | they are always in contact with pleura laterally |
| D. | run in mediastinum behind the lung root |
| E. | split into four main branches – anterior, posterior, medial and lateral |
| Answer» C. they are always in contact with pleura laterally | |
| 84. |
The vagus nerve: |
| A. | the right vagus nerve is in contact with the trachea |
| B. | passes in front of the lung root |
| C. | the right recurrent laryngeal branch hooks around the right subclavian artery |
| D. | passes through the vena caval forearm |
| E. | the right vagus nerve supplies branches to the superficial cardiac plexus |
| Answer» A. the right vagus nerve is in contact with the trachea | |
| 85. |
Regarding the heart valves: |
| A. | the aortic valve usually has two semilunar cusps |
| B. | the pulmonary valve is at the level of the 3rd costal cartilage |
| C. | they do not contain elastic fibres |
| D. | the tricuspid valve has anterior, posterior and medial cusps |
| E. | the mitral valve cusps are bigger and thinner than those of the tricuspid valve |
| Answer» B. the pulmonary valve is at the level of the 3rd costal cartilage | |
| 86. |
With regard to intercostal spaces: |
| A. | the neurovascular bundle runs in the plane between external intercostal and internal intercostalnmuscles |
| B. | neurovascular structures lie in the order of nerve, artery, vein from above downwards |
| C. | the upper two spaces are supplied by the supreme intercostal artery |
| D. | the collateral branches of the intercostal artery and nerve run along the upper border of the rib that forms the lower boundary of the space |
| E. | the collateral branch of the intercostal nerve supplies skin over the space |
| Answer» D. the collateral branches of the intercostal artery and nerve run along the upper border of the rib that forms the lower boundary of the space | |
| 87. |
Which is NOT USUALLY supplied by the left coronary artery? |
| A. | conus artery |
| B. | circumflex artery |
| C. | anterior interventricular artery |
| D. | anterior fibres of left bundle |
| E. | posterior fibres of left bundle |
| Answer» E. posterior fibres of left bundle | |
| 88. |
Which is NOT a surface marking of the pleura? |
| A. | right and left pleura meet each other in midline anteriorly at level of the sternal angle |
| B. | both cross the midclavicular line at the 6th rib |
| C. | both cross the midaxillary line at the 10th rib |
| D. | both cross the 12th rib at the lateral border of erector spinae |
| E. | both pass under the 12th costovertebral angle |
| Answer» B. both cross the midclavicular line at the 6th rib | |
| 89. |
Which of the following bronchi is called the epartenol bronchus? |
| A. | left superior bronchus |
| B. | left inferior bronchus |
| C. | right superior bronchus |
| D. | right middle bronchus |
| E. | right inferior bronchus |
| Answer» C. right superior bronchus | |
| 90. |
The thoracic duct: |
| A. | is always related to the right side of the aorta |
| B. | receives no lymph drainage from the neck |
| C. | terminates in the superior vena cava |
| D. | may have two or three branches at its termination |
| E. | is entirely thoracic throughout its course |
| Answer» D. may have two or three branches at its termination | |
| 91. |
Which is NOT a surface marking of the lungs or fissures? |
| A. | hilum of each lung lies level with 5th, 6th and 7th thoracic vertebrae |
| B. | lower border of the lungs lie two ribs higher than the pleural reflection |
| C. | the line of the 6th rib is the marking for the oblique fissures |
| D. | horizontal fissure runs from the right 4th costal cartilage horizontally to mid-axillary line |
| E. | anteromedial border of the left lung in the 5th intercostal space lies at the apex of the heart |
| Answer» C. the line of the 6th rib is the marking for the oblique fissures | |
| 92. |
Regarding the diaphragm: |
| A. | it is active in both inspiration and expiration |
| B. | the aorta is transmitted through an opening in the left crus |
| C. | the left dome may ascend to the 5th intercostal space |
| D. | the phrenic nerve branches run medially on its thoracic surface |
| E. | it receives its blood supply entirely from lower intercostal and subcostal arteries |
| Answer» C. the left dome may ascend to the 5th intercostal space | |
| 93. |
With respect to the sensory innervation of the visceral pericardium, which of the following nerves predominantly provides sensory fibres? |
| A. | left vagus |
| B. | left phrenic |
| C. | left 4th intercostal |
| D. | all of the above |
| E. | none of the above |
| Answer» E. none of the above | |
| 94. |
The oesophagus is constricted at the following sites: |
| A. | where it is crossed by right main bronchus |
| B. | where it is crossed by the azygous vein |
| C. | where it is crossed by the left subclavian artery |
| D. | where it is crossed by the thoracic duct |
| E. | none of the above |
| Answer» E. none of the above | |
| 95. |
The sino-atrial node is situated: |
| A. | on the right of the opening of the inferior vena cava |
| B. | within the interatrial septum |
| C. | at the opening of the coronary sinus |
| D. | just above the crista terminalis |
| E. | around the lower superior vena cava |
| Answer» D. just above the crista terminalis | |
| 96. |
A surface landmark which constitutes a guide to the gastro-oesophageal orifice is the: |
| A. | 7th left costal cartilage |
| B. | left linea semilunaris |
| C. | tip of the 9th left costal cartilage |
| D. | left nipple |
| E. | level of the 11th thoracic vertebra |
| Answer» A. 7th left costal cartilage | |
| 97. |
Which does NOT form part of the left border of the cardiovascular silhouette on chest x-ray? |
| A. | the arch of the aorta |
| B. | the pulmonary trunk |
| C. | the left atrium |
| D. | the left auricle |
| E. | the left ventricle |
| Answer» C. the left atrium | |
| 98. |
During expiration, the right diaphragm rises to: |
| A. | 4th intercostal space |
| B. | 5th intercostal space |
| C. | 6th intercostal space |
| D. | a level slightly lower than the left diaphragm |
| E. | the same height as the central tendon |
| Answer» A. 4th intercostal space | |
| 99. |
Which of the following is NOT true with respect to the ligamentum ateriosum? |
| A. | it arises from the commencement of the left pulmonary artery |
| B. | it joins the aorta at the level of the commencement of the brachiocephalic artery |
| C. | the superficial part of the cardiac plexus lies anterior to it |
| D. | the left recurrent laryngeal nerve hooks around it |
| E. | the deep cardiac plexus lies to its right |
| Answer» B. it joins the aorta at the level of the commencement of the brachiocephalic artery | |
| 100. |
Landmarks of the trachea are: |
| A. | thyroid cartilage to sternal notch |
| B. | hyoid bone to sternal angle – |
| C. | cricoid cartilage to sternal angle |
| D. | thyroid cartilage to sternal angle |
| E. | cricoid cartilage to sternal notch |
| Answer» C. cricoid cartilage to sternal angle | |
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