McqMate
These multiple-choice questions (MCQs) are designed to enhance your knowledge and understanding in the following areas: Electrical Engineering , Chemical Engineering .
| 151. |
Natural graphite is mostly used in |
| A. | refrigerators |
| B. | laboratories |
| C. | catalyst |
| D. | fuel |
| Answer» A. refrigerators | |
| Explanation: the graphite is used mostly in refrigerators. it is also used in batteries, steel | |
| 152. |
For high sensitivity or selectivity environmental sensors to sense the gaseous chemical like |
| A. | co2 |
| B. | no3 |
| C. | o2 |
| D. | no |
| Answer» D. no | |
| Explanation: for high sensitivity or selectivity environmental sensors to sense the gaseous chemical like no. the other gases are that are to be sensed is co, no, no2 and o3 in high traffic environments are fabricated. | |
| 153. |
The nano materials are used in the light emitted electro luminescence devices. |
| A. | true |
| B. | false |
| Answer» A. true | |
| Explanation: the nano particles are used in the light electro luminescence devices. the find application in flat panel display technologies like television, computer monitor, etc. | |
| 154. |
The synthesized magnetic nano particles from have been found to self- arrange automatically. |
| A. | zinc |
| B. | copper |
| C. | iron |
| D. | zirconium |
| Answer» C. iron | |
| Explanation: the synthesized magnetic nano particles from iron and palladium have been found to self arrange automatically. these materials are extensively used in the manufacture of magnetic devices. | |
| 155. |
The nano particles from iron and palladium are used to produce |
| A. | magnets |
| B. | magnetic lens |
| C. | magneto meters |
| D. | magnetic storage devices |
| Answer» D. magnetic storage devices | |
| Explanation: the nano particles from iron and palladium were synthesized and they are used to produce the magnetic storage devices. they produce only tetra byte storage capabilities. | |
| 156. |
is the field in which the nano particles are used with silica coated iron oxide iron oxide. |
| A. | magnetic applications |
| B. | electronics |
| C. | medical diagnosis |
| D. | structural and mechanical materials |
| Answer» C. medical diagnosis | |
| Explanation: medical diagnosis is the field in which the nano particles are used with silica coated iron oxide iron oxide. they are embedded with magnetic colloidal particles sent into the blood stream. | |
| 157. |
DNA detection through the by using the oligonucleotide functionalised gold nano crystals is developed. |
| A. | colorimetric |
| B. | diathermy |
| C. | electro therapy |
| D. | treatment tables |
| Answer» A. colorimetric | |
| Explanation: dna detection through the colorimetric technique by using the oligonucleotide functionalised gold nano crystals is developed. the nano particles are where anti bodies react and binds the hormone and move rapidly. | |
| 158. |
Coating the nano crystals with the ceramics is carried that leads to |
| A. | corrosion |
| B. | corrosion resistant |
| C. | wear and tear |
| D. | soft |
| Answer» B. corrosion resistant | |
| Explanation: coating the nano crystals with the ceramics is carried that leads to the corrosion resistant and hard and wear resistant and ambient ductility. | |
| 159. |
The to the ceramics are superior coatings. |
| A. | nano particles |
| B. | nano powder |
| C. | nano crystals coating |
| D. | nano gel |
| Answer» C. nano crystals coating | |
| Explanation: the nano particles coatings to the ceramics are superior coatings. they make the ceramics corrosion resistant. | |
| 160. |
of ceramic components are easier through nano structuring. |
| A. | lubrication |
| B. | coating |
| C. | fabrication |
| D. | wear |
| Answer» C. fabrication | |
| Explanation: the fabrication of the ceramics is easier through the nano structuring. fabrication is the process of producing the things. | |
| 161. |
By nano scale distribution of the in matrix improves the life and performance. |
| A. | carbide |
| B. | tungsten |
| C. | hydrides |
| D. | nitrites |
| Answer» B. tungsten | |
| Explanation: by the nano scale distribution of the tungsten in matrix. the matrix contains tungsten carbide that improves the life and performance of cutting tool materials. | |
| 162. |
The extensively used nano particles as catalyst is |
| A. | silver |
| B. | copper |
| C. | gold |
| D. | cerium |
| Answer» C. gold | |
| Explanation: the extensively used nano particles as catalyst are gold. some of them are molybdenum, cerium oxide and nickel. | |
| 163. |
Due to tensile strength some of the nano materials are used in air crafts. |
| A. | high |
| B. | low |
| C. | moderate |
| D. | no |
| Answer» A. high | |
| Explanation: dye to the high tensile strength some of the nano materials are used in air crafts. one of them is carbon nano tubes. they are used in the air crafts. | |
| 164. |
Fabrics are extensively made out of nano materials like |
| A. | carbon nano tubes |
| B. | fullerenes |
| C. | mega tubes |
| D. | polymers |
| Answer» B. fullerenes | |
| Explanation: fabrics are extensively made out of nano materials like fullerenes. the sports goods and cleaning products are also made out of them. | |
| 165. |
Which of the following variables govern the different X-ray techniques? |
| A. | radiation, sample, detector |
| B. | radiation, diffraction, detector |
| C. | heat, mass, proteins |
| D. | energy, sample, temperature. |
| Answer» A. radiation, sample, detector | |
| Explanation: in the x-ray diffraction | |
| 166. |
Which of the following rays are used in the powder method of crystals? |
| A. | gamma rays |
| B. | α-rays |
| C. | β-rays |
| D. | monochromatic x-rays |
| Answer» D. monochromatic x-rays | |
| Explanation: a monochromatic beam of x- rays strike a finely powdered sample that ideally has crystals randomly arranged in every possible orientation in the powder method. | |
| 167. |
In the powder method, in powder sample various samples are also present in every possible orientation. |
| A. | miller indices |
| B. | lattice |
| C. | unit cell |
| D. | atoms |
| Answer» B. lattice | |
| Explanation: lattice planes are present in the powder sample in every possible orientation. for each set various lattice planes, therefore, at least some crystals must be oriented at the bragg angle Θ, to the incident beam and thus diffraction occurs for these crystals and planes. | |
| 168. |
Which of the following method for detecting the diffracted beams in the powder method of crystals? |
| A. | miller method |
| B. | dalton method |
| C. | guinier method |
| D. | stockbarger method |
| Answer» C. guinier method | |
| Explanation: the diffracted beams in the powder method may be detected either by surrounding the sample with a strip of photographic film that is by and debye- scherrer and guinier focusing methods or by using a movable detector, such as geiger counter, connected to a chart recorder(diffractometer). | |
| 169. |
Which of the following shapes are formed by the diffracted radiation in the powder method? |
| A. | circular |
| B. | spherical |
| C. | conical |
| D. | cubical |
| Answer» C. conical | |
| Explanation: for any set of lattice phases, the diffracted radiation forms the surface of a cone. the only requirement for diffraction is that the planes be at angle Θ to the incident beam, no restriction is placed on the angular orientation of the plane about the axis of the incident beam. | |
| 170. |
In the powder method of the crystals if the Bragg’s angle is Θ then what is the angle of the cone formed by the diffracted beams? |
| A. | Θ |
| B. | 2Θ |
| C. | 3Θ |
| D. | 4Θ |
| Answer» D. 4Θ | |
| Explanation: the diffracted beams in the powder method forms a cone, if the bragg’s angle is Θ, then the angle between diffracted and undiffracted beams is 2Θ and the angle of the cone is 4Θ. each set of planes gives its own cone of radiation. | |
| 171. |
During the detection of the cones by the thin strip of film which one of the following statements is appropriate for the cones and the films? |
| A. | cones are parallel to the strip of the films |
| B. | cones are perpendicular to the strip of the films |
| C. | cones intersects the strip of the films |
| D. | cones are vertically placed over the strip of the film |
| Answer» C. cones intersects the strip of the films | |
| Explanation: in the powder method, the cones are detected by a thin strip of film wrapped around the sample, each cone intersects the film as two short arcs which are symmetrical about the two holes in the film(these allow entry and exit of an incident and undiffracted beams). | |
| 172. |
What is the disadvantage of the Debye- Scherrer film to obtain the d-spacings? |
| A. | temperature required is too high |
| B. | exposure time is long |
| C. | closely spaced arcs are circular |
| D. | cones formed by the diffracted beams are two heavy in weight |
| Answer» B. exposure time is long | |
| Explanation: the disadvantage of using debye-scherrer film method is that exposure times are long and that closely spaced arcs are not well resolved. this is because, although the incident beam enters the camera through a pinhole slit and collimator tube, the beam is somewhat divergent and the spread increases in the diffracted beams. | |
| 173. |
A convergent beam is obtained by placing which of the following material between the X- ray source and the sample? |
| A. | soil particles |
| B. | single crystal of carbon |
| C. | linear double crystal of graphite |
| D. | bent single crystal of quartz |
| Answer» D. bent single crystal of quartz | |
| Explanation: convergent beam is obtained by placing a bent single crystal of quartz or graphite between the x-ray source and the sample. the orientation of this bent crystal is adjusted so that it diffracts the incident beam and converts it from the divergent beam into a convergent one. | |
| 174. |
Which of the following is used in electron microscope? |
| A. | electron beams |
| B. | magnetic fields |
| C. | light waves |
| D. | electron beams and magnetic fields |
| Answer» D. electron beams and magnetic fields | |
| Explanation: electron microscope uses electron beams and magnetic fields to produce the image, whereas the light microscope uses light waves and glass lenses. in electron microscopy, a much higher resolution is obtained with extremely short wavelength of the electron beam. | |
| 175. |
Which of the following are true for electron microscopy? |
| A. | specimen should be thin and dry |
| B. | image is obtained on a phosphorescent screen |
| C. | electron beam must pass through evacuated chamber |
| D. | specimen should be thin and dry, image is obtained on a phosphorescent screen and electron beam must pass through evacuated chamber |
| Answer» D. specimen should be thin and dry, image is obtained on a phosphorescent screen and electron beam must pass through evacuated chamber | |
| Explanation: since electrons can travel only in high vacuum, the entire electron path through the instrument must be evacuated; specimens must be completely dehydrated prior to | |
| 176. |
Degree of scattering in transmission electron microscope is a function of |
| A. | wavelength of electron beam used |
| B. | number of atoms that lie in the electron path |
| C. | number and mass of atoms that lie in the electron path |
| D. | mass of atoms that lie in the electron path |
| Answer» C. number and mass of atoms that lie in the electron path | |
| Explanation: in a transmission electron microscope, contrast results from the differential scattering of electrons by the specimen, the degree of scattering being a function of the number and mass of atoms that lie in the electron path. | |
| 177. |
Negative Staining is used for examining |
| A. | virus particles |
| B. | protein molecules |
| C. | bacterial flagella |
| D. | virus particles, protein molecules and bacterial flagella |
| Answer» D. virus particles, protein molecules and bacterial flagella | |
| Explanation: in negative-staining the electron opacity of the surrounding field is increased by using an electron-dense material such as phosphotungstic acid as a stain. negative staining is particularly valuable for the examination of very small structures such as virus particles, protein molecules and bacterial flagella. | |
| 178. |
Which among the following helps us in getting a three-dimensional picture of the specimen? |
| A. | transmission electron microscope |
| B. | scanning electron microscope |
| C. | compound microscope |
| D. | simple microscope |
| Answer» B. scanning electron microscope | |
| Explanation: the scanning electron microscope lacks the resolving power obtainable with the transmission electron | |
| 179. |
The secondary electrons radiated back in scanning microscope is collected by? |
| A. | specimen |
| B. | anode |
| C. | vacuum chamber |
| D. | cathode |
| Answer» B. anode | |
| Explanation: in scanning electron microscope (sem), the surface of the specimen is irradiated with a very narrow beam of electrons. such irradiations causes low energy (secondary) electrons to be ejected from the specimen which can then be collected on a positively-charged plate or anode thereby generating an electric signal. | |
| 180. |
On what factors do the intensity of secondary electrons depend upon? |
| A. | shape of the irradiated object |
| B. | chemical composition of the irradiated object |
| C. | number of electrons ejected |
| D. | size and chemical composition of the irradiated object, number of electrons ejected and on the number of electrons reabsorbed by surrounding |
| Answer» D. size and chemical composition of the irradiated object, number of electrons ejected and on the number of electrons reabsorbed by surrounding | |
| Explanation: the irradiations in sem causes secondary electrons to be ejected from the specimen thereby generating a signal that is proportional to the number of electrons striking the anode. the intensity or the number of secondary electrons depends on the shape and the chemical composition of the irradiated object and also on the number of electrons ejected and the number of electrons reabsorbed by surrounding. | |
| 181. |
The resolution attainable with standard TEM is less than the theoretical value. |
| A. | true |
| B. | false |
| Answer» A. true | |
| Explanation: the resolution that can be attained with a standard transmission electron microscope is about two orders of magnitude less than the theoretical value. this is due to spherical aberration of electron-focusing lenses. | |
| 182. |
Which of the following component of TEM focuses the beam of electrons on the sample? |
| A. | ocular lens |
| B. | condenser lens |
| C. | stage |
| D. | column |
| Answer» B. condenser lens | |
| Explanation: the condenser lens focuses the electron beam on to the specimen, in case of transmission electron microscope. the specimen is supported on the grid holder and placed inside the column. | |
| 183. |
Image formation in electron microscope is based on |
| A. | column length |
| B. | electron number |
| C. | differential scattering |
| D. | specimen size |
| Answer» C. differential scattering | |
| Explanation: in case of the electron microscope, the image formation is based on the differential scattering of the electrons by parts of the specimen. the scattering of electrons is proportional to the size nuclei of the atoms that make up the sample. | |
| 184. |
The biological materials have little intrinsic capability to |
| A. | scatter electrons |
| B. | stain |
| C. | remain viable |
| D. | be captured |
| Answer» A. scatter electrons | |
| Explanation: the insoluble materials of cells contain atoms of low atomic number such as carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen. the biological materials therefore have very little intrinsic capability of scattering the electrons. | |
| 185. |
Glutaraldehyde is a |
| A. | metal |
| B. | fixative |
| C. | non-metal |
| D. | atomic species |
| Answer» B. fixative | |
| Explanation: glutaraldehyde and osmium tetroxide are common fixatives used in the transmission electron microscopy for the | |
| 186. |
Osmium is a |
| A. | non metal |
| B. | heavy metal |
| C. | alloy |
| D. | light metal |
| Answer» B. heavy metal | |
| Explanation: osmium is a heavy metal that reacts with fatty acids leading to the preservation of membranes. osmium tetroxide is used as a fixative in transmission electron microscopy. | |
| 187. |
In TEM, the tissue is stained by floating on drops of |
| A. | hydrocarbons |
| B. | slow-molecular weight stains |
| C. | heavy metal soutions |
| D. | oil immersion |
| Answer» C. heavy metal soutions | |
| Explanation: the tissue is stained by floating on drops of uranyl acetate and lead citrate (heavy metal solutions). these solutions when bound to the specimen, provide the density required to scatter the electron beam. | |
| 188. |
Shadow casting is a technique of visualizing |
| A. | isolated particles |
| B. | mounts |
| C. | shoot tips |
| D. | root tips |
| Answer» A. isolated particles | |
| Explanation: shadow casting is a technique of viewing isolated particles. the particles are made to cast shadows after their placement in sealed chambers. the chamber contains a filament of carbon and a heavy metal. | |
| 189. |
Surface is usually more than atomic layer deep and is a region of atomic potentials. |
| A. | one, uniform |
| B. | one, non-uniform |
| C. | two, uniform |
| D. | two, non-uniform |
| Answer» B. one, non-uniform | |
| Explanation: surface is more than one atomic layer deep and is a region of non-uniform atomic potentials. the outermost layer of atoms is called a surface. | |
| 190. |
Surface analysis can provide information that classic methods like microscopic cannot. |
| A. | true |
| B. | false |
| Answer» A. true | |
| Explanation: surface analysis can provide information that classic methods like microscopic cannot. it is better than reflectivity, adsorption isotherms, etc. | |
| 191. |
In surface spectrometer, which of the following beam is analysed? |
| A. | reflected beam |
| B. | absorbed beam |
| C. | refracted beam |
| D. | incident beam |
| Answer» A. reflected beam | |
| Explanation: when a beam is focussed on a surface, one beam enters the material and a second beam is reflected. the reflected beam is analysed. | |
| 192. |
Which of the following is a type of electron spectroscopy? |
| A. | mikes |
| B. | auger spectroscopy |
| C. | secondary ion mass spectroscopy |
| D. | ion scattering spectroscopy |
| Answer» B. auger spectroscopy | |
| Explanation: auger spectroscopy is a type of electron spectroscopy. electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis is also a type of electron spectroscopy. | |
| 193. |
Surface analysis cannot provide any chemical information directly. |
| A. | true |
| B. | false |
| Answer» B. false | |
| Explanation: surface analysis can provide chemical information. electron and ion spectroscopic techniques are types of surface analysis. | |
| 194. |
Which of the following is also known as X- ray photoelectron spectroscopy? |
| A. | auger electron spectroscopy |
| B. | electron impact spectroscopy |
| C. | electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis |
| D. | secondary ion mass spectroscopy |
| Answer» C. electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis | |
| Explanation: electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis is also known as x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. it is an effective technique for detecting the elements. | |
| 195. |
Which of the following methods utilizes the emission of low energy electrons in a process? |
| A. | auger electron spectroscopy |
| B. | electron impact spectroscopy |
| C. | electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis |
| D. | secondary ion mass spectroscopy |
| Answer» A. auger electron spectroscopy | |
| Explanation: auger electron spectroscopy utilizes the emission of low energy electrons in auger process. it is one of the commonly employed techniques. | |
| 196. |
Which of the following is the abbreviation of ESCA? |
| A. | electron scattering chemical analysis |
| B. | emission spectroscopy combination analysis |
| C. | electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis |
| D. | electron spectrum chemically analysed |
| Answer» C. electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis | |
| Explanation: the abbreviation of esca is electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis. it is a type of electron spectroscopy. | |
| 197. |
Which of the following methods use soft X- rays to eject electrons from inner shell orbitals? |
| A. | auger electron spectroscopy |
| B. | electron impact spectroscopy |
| C. | electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis |
| D. | secondary ion mass spectroscopy |
| Answer» C. electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis | |
| Explanation: electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis using soft x-rays to eject electrons from inner shell orbitals. it is a type of electron spectroscopy. | |
| 198. |
Which of the following is the abbreviation of SIMS? |
| A. | secondary ion mass spectroscopy |
| B. | spectrum ionization mass spectroscopy |
| C. | scattering ions mass spectroscopy |
| D. | spectral ionization mass spectroscopy |
| Answer» A. secondary ion mass spectroscopy | |
| Explanation: secondary ion mass spectroscopy is the abbreviation of sims. it is a type of ion spectroscopy. | |
| 199. |
Which of the following drugs cannot be given as transdermal administration? |
| A. | drugs with very short half-lives |
| B. | drugs with narrow therapeutic indices |
| C. | easy removal and termination |
| D. | drugs against peptic ulcer |
| Answer» D. drugs against peptic ulcer | |
| Explanation: transdermal delivery systems are topically administered medications. drugs with very short half-live example nitro-glycerine are administered as transdermal patches. drugs with narrow therapeutic indices can be safely administered through transdermal patches. | |
| 200. |
Which of the following characteristics is suitable for transdermal drug? |
| A. | large drug dose |
| B. | large molecular size |
| C. | drugs with narrow therapeutic indices |
| D. | drugs which are metabolized in the skin |
| Answer» C. drugs with narrow therapeutic indices | |
| Explanation: the transdermal route is unsuitable when the drug dose is large when the drug has a large molecular size, the drug is skin sensitizing and irritating. it also becomes a problem when the drug is metabolized in the skin, the drug goes protein binding in the skin, or even if the drug is highly lipophilic or hydrophilic. | |
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