McqMate
These multiple-choice questions (MCQs) are designed to enhance your knowledge and understanding in the following areas: General Knowledge (GK) , Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) , Indian Administrative Service (IAS) .
| 1. |
In India, the concept of single citizenship is adopted from – |
| A. | England |
| B. | U.S.A. |
| C. | Canada |
| D. | France |
| Answer» A. England | |
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Explanation: The Indian Constitution borrowed such features as parliamentary form of government, introduction of Speaker and his role, the concept of single citizenship, the Rule of law, procedure of lawmaking, etc from England. The Indian citizenship and nationality law and the Constitution of India provide single citizenship for all of India. |
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| 2. |
A federal structure for India was first put forward by the – |
| A. | Act of 1909 |
| B. | Act of 1919 |
| C. | Act of 1935 |
| D. | Act of 1947 |
| Answer» C. Act of 1935 | |
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Explanation: The Government of India Act 1935, the voluminous and final constitutional effort at governing British India, articulated three major goals: establishing a loose federal structure, achieving provincial autonomy, and safeguarding minority interests through separate electorates. The federal provisions, intended to unite princely states and British India at the centre, were not implemented because of ambiguities in safeguarding the existing privileges of princes. In February 1937, however, provincial autonomy became a reality when elections were held. |
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| 3. |
The Drafting of the Constitution was completed on : |
| A. | 26th January, 1950 |
| B. | 26th DecembQer, 1949 |
| C. | 26th November, 1949 |
| D. | 30th November, 1949 |
| Answer» C. 26th November, 1949 | |
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Explanation: A Draft Constitution was prepared by the committee and submitted to the |
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| 4. |
Who was the President of the Constituent Assembly? |
| A. | Pt. Jawahar Lal Nehru |
| B. | Sardar Patel |
| C. | Dr. Rajendra Prasad |
| D. | Dr. B.R. Ambedkar |
| Answer» C. Dr. Rajendra Prasad | |
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Explanation: The first temporary 2-day president of the Constituent Assembly was Dr Sachidanand Sinha. Later, Rajendra Prasad was elected president of the Constituent Assembly. |
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| 5. |
Public Order as an item in the Constitution figures in - |
| A. | the Union List |
| B. | the State List |
| C. | the Concurrent List |
| D. | the Residuary Powers |
| Answer» B. the State List | |
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Explanation: Public order as an item in the constitution figures in the state list under seventh schedule of the constitution. |
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| 6. |
Which among the following States has the highest number of seats in the Lok Sabha? |
| A. | Maharashtra |
| B. | Rajasthan |
| C. | Tamil Nadu |
| D. | West Bengal |
| Answer» A. Maharashtra | |
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Explanation: Maharashtra has 48 seats among all these states. |
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| 7. |
Who was the first Chairman of Indian Constitution's Drafting Committee? |
| A. | B L Mitter |
| B. | Madhav Rao |
| C. | Dr B R Ambedkar |
| D. | T T Krishnamachari |
| Answer» C. Dr B R Ambedkar | |
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Explanation: The Government of India Act 1935 provided for dyarchy at the Centre. Under this act, the executive authority of the centre was vested in the Governor. It ended the system of dyarchy at the provincial level introduced by Government of India Act 1919. |
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| 8. |
In which year the constituent assembly of India started functioning? |
| A. | 1945 |
| B. | 1946 |
| C. | 1947 |
| D. | 1948 |
| Answer» C. 1947 | |
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Explanation: On 29 August, 1947, the Constituent Assembly set up a Drafting Committee under the Chairmanship of Dr. B.R. Ambedkar to prepare a Draft Constitution for India. The Constituent assembly adopted the constitution on 26 November 1949 once the process of drafting was completed. |
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| 9. |
Where in the Indian Constitution has “economic justice” been provided as one of the objectives? |
| A. | mental Rights |
| B. | Directive Principles |
| C. | Fundamental Rights |
| D. | Fundamental Rights and |
| Answer» B. Directive Principles | |
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Explanation: The Directive Principles are an amalgam of diverse subjects embracing the life of the nation and include principles which are general statements of social policy, principles of administrative policy, socioeconomic rights and a statement of the international policy of the country. Articles 41-43A and Article 48 specifically target the working sections of the nation and provide for the betterment of the workers and their living conditions. |
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| 10. |
Which one of the following is not enumerated as a right in the Constitution of India? |
| A. | Political and social right |
| B. | Educational right |
| C. | Economic right |
| D. | Right to religion |
| Answer» C. Economic right | |
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Explanation: Political groups have demanded that the right to work, the right to economic assistance in case of unemployment, old age, and similar rights be enshrined as constitutional guarantees to address issues of poverty and economic insecurity, though these provisions have been enshrined in the Directive Principles of state policy. |
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| 11. |
In which schedule of the Indian Constitution powers of panchayats are stated? |
| A. | 8th schedule |
| B. | 9th schedule |
| C. | 1 0th schedule |
| D. | 11th schedule |
| Answer» D. 11th schedule | |
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Explanation: The powers of panchayats are stated in the 11th schedule of the Indian Constitution. 8th schedule of constitution enlists 22 Indian recognized languages. 9th schedule was added by 1st amendment in 1957. It contains acts, orders related to land tenure, land tax, railways industry. 10th schedule was added by 52nd amendment in 1985, contains provisions of disqualification of grounds of defection. |
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| 12. |
The Directive Principles of State Policy was adopted from the – |
| A. | British Constitution |
| B. | Swiss Constitution |
| C. | U.S. Constitution |
| D. | Irish Constitution |
| Answer» D. Irish Constitution | |
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Explanation: The principles have been inspired by the Directive Principles given in the Constitution of Ireland and also by the principles of Gandhism; and relate to social justice, economic welfare, foreign policy, and legal and administrative matters. The makers of the Constitution of India were influenced by the Irish nationalist movement. Hence, the Directive Principles of the Indian constitution have been greatly influenced by the Directive Principles of State Policy. |
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| 13. |
Which one of the following is the guardian of Fundamental Rights? |
| A. | Legislature |
| B. | Executive |
| C. | Political parties |
| D. | Judiciary |
| Answer» D. Judiciary | |
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Explanation: Fundamental Rights are those rights and freedoms of the people of India, which enjoy constitutional recognition and guarantee. The Supreme Court of India and State High Courts have the power to enforce Fundamental Rights. Supreme Court is the guardian protector of fundamental rights. The right to move to the courts for securing the fundamental rights is a very valuable right of the people. Citizens can go to the Supreme Court or the high Courts for getting their fundamental rights enforced. It empowers the Courts to issue directions or orders or writs for this purpose. |
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| 14. |
List of Fundamental Duties were added to the Indian Constitution as Part – |
| A. | Four |
| B. | Five |
| C. | Two |
| D. | Three |
| Answer» A. Four | |
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Explanation: The Constitution (Forty-second Amendment) Act, 1976 added ten Fundamental Duties of Indian citizens to the nation in Part W of the Constitution. These duties, set out in Part IV-A of the Constitution (under a constitutional amendment) concern individuals and the nation Like the Directive Principles, they are not legally enforceable. |
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| 15. |
Under which one of the following writs an official can be prevented from taking an action which he is officially not entitled? |
| A. | Mandamus |
| B. | Quo Warranto |
| C. | Certiorari |
| D. | Habeas Corpus |
| Answer» A. Mandamus | |
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Explanation: Mandamus is a judicial remedy which is in the form of an order from a superior court to any government subordinate court, corporation or public authority to do or forbear from doing some specific act which that body is obliged under law to do or refrain from doing, as the case may be, and which is in the nature of public duty and in certain cases of a statutory |
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| 16. |
Directive Principles of State Policy in the Indian Constitution were taken from the Constitution of |
| A. | Canada |
| B. | Britain |
| C. | Ireland |
| D. | USA |
| Answer» C. Ireland | |
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Explanation: The makers of the Constitution of India were influenced by the Irish nationalist movement. Hence, the Directive Principles of the Indian constitution have been greatly influenced by the Directive Principles of State Policy as enshrined in the Irish Constitution. |
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| 17. |
As per Indian Constitution, the Right to Property is a – |
| A. | Fundamental Right |
| B. | Natural Right |
| C. | Legal Right |
| D. | Moral Right |
| Answer» C. Legal Right | |
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Explanation: The Forty-Forth Amendment of 1978 deleted the right to property from the list of fundamental rights. So it is now a legal right, not a fundamental right. |
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| 18. |
Fill up : 'Right duties.' |
| A. | obstructs |
| B. | instructs |
| C. | implies |
| D. | opposes |
| Answer» C. implies | |
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Explanation: Rights imply certain duties. For example, if one has the right to follow one's own religion, it is one's duty to allow others to follow their own. Rights and duties are equally important and that is why our Constitution has laid down certain duties for the citizens along with rights. |
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| 19. |
How many Fundamental Rights were granted initially? |
| A. | Six |
| B. | Seven |
| C. | Four |
| D. | Five |
| Answer» B. Seven | |
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Explanation: The Constitution of India initially recognised 7 fundamental rights: Right to equality, Right to freedom, Right against exploitation, Right to freedom of religion, Cultural and Educational rights, Right to constitutional remedies and Right to property. Under the 44th Amendment Act, right to property ceased to be a Fundamental right. |
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| 20. |
The system of Judicial Review exists in |
| A. | India only |
| B. | U.K. only |
| C. | U.S.A. only |
| D. | India and U.S.A. |
| Answer» D. India and U.S.A. | |
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Explanation: The system of judicial review exists in India and U.S.A. Judicial review is the power of a court to review the constitutionality of a statute or treaty, or to review an administrative regulation for consistency with either a statute, a treaty, or the Constitution itself. In U.K. tribunal system is part of the administrative justice. |
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| 21. |
When was zero hour introduced in the parliamentary affairs in India? |
| A. | 1952 |
| B. | 1962 |
| C. | 1972 |
| D. | 1982 |
| Answer» B. 1962 | |
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Explanation: Zero Hour in Parliament starts at 12 noon during which members raise matters of importance, especially those that cannot be delayed. Zero Hour is the Indian innovation in the field of parliamentary procedures and has been in existence since 1962. However, it does not find mention in the rules of procedure. During zero hour, questions are asked about issues of public importance without prior permission. These questions are usually directed against individual ministers. |
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| 22. |
The maximum number of members of Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha has been fixed by the Constitution of India respectively as – |
| A. | 500 and 250 |
| B. | 525 and 270 |
| C. | 537 and 275 |
| D. | 545 and 250 |
| Answer» D. 545 and 250 | |
| Explanation: The Indian Parliament consists of two houses called as Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha respectively and the President of India. The Constitution provides that the maximum strength of the House be 552 members. It has a term of five years. At present, the strength of the house is 545 members. The Rajya Sabha can have a maximum of 250 members in all. Elections to it are scheduled and the chamber cannot be dissolved. | |
| 23. |
What is the maximum time interval permissible between two successive sessions of the Parliament? |
| A. | Four months |
| B. | Six months |
| C. | Eight months |
| D. | Nine months |
| Answer» B. Six months | |
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Explanation: The period during which the House meets to conduct its business is called a session. The Constitution empowers the President to summon each House at such intervals that there should not be more than 6 month's gap between the two sessions. Hence the Parliament must meet at least twice a year. |
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| 24. |
In case the President wishes to resign, to whom he is to address his resignation letter? |
| A. | Chief Justice of India |
| B. | Secretary of Lok Sabha |
| C. | Vice-President |
| D. | Prime Minister |
| Answer» C. Vice-President | |
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Explanation: Article 56 of the Indian Constitution states that (1) the President shall hold office for a term of five years from the date on which he enters upon his office: provided that-the President may, by writing under his hand addressed to the Vice-President, resign his office; the President may, for violation of the Constitution, be removed from office by impeachment in the manner provided in article 61; and the President shall, notwithstanding the expiration of his term, continue to hold office until his successor enters upon his office; (2) any resignation addressed to the Vice-President under clause (1) of the proviso to clause (1) shall forthwith be communicated by him to the Speaker of the House of the People. |
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| 25. |
The voting age in India was lowered from 21 year to 18 years through – |
| A. | Presidential ordinance. |
| B. | Constitutional Amendment. |
| C. | Executive Order. |
| D. | Parliamentary Legislation. |
| Answer» B. Constitutional Amendment. | |
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Explanation: The minimum age of voting in India was lowered from 21 to 18 years by the 61st Amendment Act in .1988 read with Act 21 of 1989. |
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| 26. |
Indian Constitution has divided the powers and function of the state into – |
| A. | two lists |
| B. | three lists |
| C. | four lists |
| D. | five lists |
| Answer» B. three lists | |
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Explanation: There are three lists detailing the powers, functions and sharing of these among the Union and the States in India. The List I or the Union List, List II or the State List and ListIII or the Concurrent List are included in the Seventh Schedule of the Constitution. |
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| 27. |
The prsident of India can nominate how many members from the Anglo-Indian community to the Lok Sabha? |
| A. | Two |
| B. | Five |
| C. | Ten |
| D. | Twelve |
| Answer» A. Two | |
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Explanation: Up to 525 members represent of the territorial constituencies in States, up to 20 members represent the Union Territories and no more than two members from Anglo-Indian community can be nominated by the President of India if he or she feels that the community is not adequately represented. |
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| 28. |
The salary of the Members of Parliament is decided by – |
| A. | The Parliament |
| B. | The Central Cabinet |
| C. | The President |
| D. | The Speaker |
| Answer» A. The Parliament | |
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Explanation: The amenities provided to the members of parliament relate to salaries and allowances, travelling facilities, medical facilities, accommodation, telephones, etc. These are governed by the Salary, Allowances and Pension of Members of Parliament Act, 1954 and the rules made there under. Note : last time in 2010 the legislation was passed by voice vote to raise MPs' salaries from Rs. 16,000 to Rs. 50,000. |
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| 29. |
Who held the office of the Vice- President of India for two full terms? |
| A. | S. Radhakrishnan |
| B. | V.V. Giri |
| C. | B.D. Jatti |
| D. | M. Hidayatullah |
| Answer» A. S. Radhakrishnan | |
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Explanation: Dr Sarvepalli Radhalcrishnan was the Vice President of India for two consecutive terms from 13 May, 1952 to 12 May, 1962. Hewas the second President of India from 1962 to 1967. |
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| 30. |
Which one of the following Amendments to the Constitution of India has prescribed that the Councl of Ministers shall not exceed 15 percent of total number of members of the House of the People or Legislative Assembly in the States? |
| A. | 91st Amendment |
| B. | 87th Amendment |
| C. | 97th Amendment |
| D. | 90th Amendment |
| Answer» A. 91st Amendment | |
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Explanation: Amendments to the Constitution of India has prescribed that the Council of Ministers shall not exceed 15 percent of total number of members of the House of the People or Legislative Assembly in the States. |
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| 31. |
Under which one of the following Amendment Acts was Sikkim admitted into the Union of India? |
| A. | 35th |
| B. | 36th |
| C. | 37th |
| D. | 38th |
| Answer» B. 36th | |
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Explanation: Sikkim became a state of India via the Thirty-sixth Amendment Act, 1975 on 26th April, 1975. The Sikkim State day is observed on 16th May of every year because this was the day when the first Chief Minister of Sikkim assumed office. |
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| 32. |
Wich one of the following Articles of the Constitution of India deals with the special provision with respect to the State of Assam? |
| A. | Article 371A |
| B. | Article 371B |
| C. | Article 371C |
| D. | Article 371D |
| Answer» B. Article 371B | |
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Explanation: Article 371B deals with special provision with respect to the State of Assam. The main objective of inserting Article 371B was to |
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| 33. |
If Parliament appoints a Committee for a specific purpose, it is known as – |
| A. | Joint Committee |
| B. | Permanent Committee |
| C. | Standing Committee |
| D. | Ad hoc Committee |
| Answer» D. Ad hoc Committee | |
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Explanation: Ad hoc committee is appointed for a specific purpose. standing Committees are elected or appointed every year or periodically and their work goes on, more or less, on a continuous basis. |
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| 34. |
In which of the following list docs the subject 'planning' figure? |
| A. | State List |
| B. | Concurrent List |
| C. | Residuary List |
| D. | Union List |
| Answer» B. Concurrent List | |
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Explanation: 'Planning' has been included in Concurrent List. |
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| 35. |
If the President of India wants to resign, he has to address the letter of resignation to the – |
| A. | Chief Justice of India |
| B. | Prime Minister |
| C. | Vice-President |
| D. | Speaker |
| Answer» C. Vice-President | |
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Explanation: According to Article 56 of the Indian Constitution, the President may, by writing under his hand addressed to the Vice- President, resign his office. The same article also states that the President holds office for a term of five years from the date on which he enters upon his office. |
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| 36. |
Who acts as the channel of communication between the President and the Council Ministers? |
| A. | Chairman, Rajya Sabha |
| B. | Speaker of Lok Sabha |
| C. | Vice-President |
| D. | Prime Minister |
| Answer» D. Prime Minister | |
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Explanation: The Prime Minister is the chief channel of communication between the President and the Council of Ministers and keeps the former informed about all the decisions of the council. Article 74 of the Constitution lays down that there shall be a Council of Ministers with the Prime Minister at the head to aid and advice the President. |
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| 37. |
The term of member of Rajya Sabha is |
| A. | Five years |
| B. | Six years |
| C. | The same as that of Lok Sabha |
| D. | Two years |
| Answer» B. Six years | |
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Explanation: According to Section 154 of the Representation of the People Act 1951, a Member elected to the Rajya Sabha will hold office for a period of 6 years. A member chosen to fill a casual vacancy will serve for the remainder of his predecessor's term of office. One third of the members retire every two years. |
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| 38. |
Who among the following was the first `Minister of Finance' in independent India? |
| A. | R K. Shanmukham Chetty |
| B. | Liaquat All Khan |
| C. | John Mathai |
| D. | Satya Narayan Sinha |
| Answer» A. R K. Shanmukham Chetty | |
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Explanation: The first finance minister of independent India was R. K. Shanmukham Chetty, who served as the finance minister in Jawaharlal Nehru's Cabinet between 1947-49. On November 26, 1947 Chetty presented the first budget of independent India. Earlier, he had served as President of India's Central Legislative Assembly from 1933 to 1935. |
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| 39. |
Who presides over the sitting of the House of People? |
| A. | The Vice Present |
| B. | The Chief Justice of India |
| C. | The Speaker |
| D. | The President |
| Answer» C. The Speaker | |
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Explanation: Each House of Parliament has its own presiding officer. As per Article 93 of Indian Constitution, the Lok Sabha has a Speaker and a Deputy Speaker as its presiding officers. The Speaker is the head of the Lok Sabha and enjoys supreme authority within the House. |
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| 40. |
How many members of the State Legislative Council are elected by the Assembly? |
| A. | 1/6 of the members |
| B. | 1/3 of the members |
| C. | 1/12 of the members |
| D. | 5/6 of the members |
| Answer» B. 1/3 of the members | |
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Explanation: The Legislative Council or the Vidhan Parishad is the Upper Chamber of the State Legislature. As mentioned in the constitution the total membership of the Legislative Council shall not be less than forty and more than one third of the total number of members of the Legislative Assembly of the concerned state. One-third of the members of this House are elected by the Legislative Assembly from amongst persons who are not its members. One-third of its members “are elected by the local bodies like Munici-palities or District Boards or any other local authority as specified by the law of the Parliament. One- twelfth of the members are elected by graduates of at least three years standing. Onetwelfth of the members are elected by teachers of secondary schools having at least three years experience. About one-sixth of the members are nominated by the Governor from among persons possessing special knowledge and experience in the field of art, science, literature, social service and cooperative movement. |
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| 41. |
In which year, the 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act (1972) was assented by the President? |
| A. | 1990 |
| B. | 1991 |
| C. | 1993 |
| D. | 1994 |
| Answer» C. 1993 | |
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Explanation: The constitutional 73rd 804th Amendment Acts 1992 received the assent of the president of India on 20th April 1993 and came into force on 24th April and on 1st June 1993 respectively. |
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| 42. |
In which year, Ashok Mehta Committee was appointed to review the working of Panchayati Raj institution? |
| A. | 1977 |
| B. | 1978 |
| C. | 1979 |
| D. | 1980 |
| Answer» A. 1977 | |
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Explanation: In December 1977, the Janata Government appointed a committee on Panchayati Raj institutions under the chairmanship of Ashoka Mehta. |
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| 43. |
Which authority recommends the principles gov erring the grantsin-aid of the revenues of the States out of the Consolidated Fund of India? |
| A. | Public Accounts Committee |
| B. | Union Ministry of Finance |
| C. | Finance Commission |
| D. | Inter-State Council |
| Answer» C. Finance Commission | |
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Explanation: The Finance Commission makes recommendations to the President regarding the principles governing the grants-in-aid of the revenues of 'the States out of the Consolidated Fund of India and with regard to article 275- the sums to bep aid to the States which are in need of assistance by way of grants-in-aid of their revenues for purposes other than those specified in the provisos to clause (1) of that article. |
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| 44. |
Which is an extra-Constitutional body? |
| A. | Language Commission |
| B. | Planning Commission |
| C. | Election Commission |
| D. | Finance Commission |
| Answer» B. Planning Commission | |
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Explanation: An extra-const it utional agency or department is not specifically provided for by the Constitution, but one that nevertheless exists and has been held to be constitutional. The Planning Commission is an extra constitutionalbody. The Planning Commission does not derive its creation from either the Constitution or statute, but is an arm of the Central/Union Government. |
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| 45. |
Which commission made the recommendations which formed the basis for the Punjab Reorganisation Act which created the states Punjab and Haryana? |
| A. | Dhar Commission |
| B. | Dass Commission |
| C. | Shah Commission |
| D. | Mahajan Commission |
| Answer» C. Shah Commission | |
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Explanation: Haryana state was formed on 1 November, 1966, on the recommendation of the Parliamentary Committee which was announced in the Parliament on 23 September, 1965. On 23 April, 1966, acting on the recommendation of the Hukam Singh Committee, the Indian government set up the Shah Commission under the chairmanship of Justice J. C. Shah, to divide and set up the boundaries of Punjab and Haryana giving consideration to the language spoken by the people. The commission gave its report on 31 May 1966. According to this report the then districts of Hissar, Mahendragarh, Gurgaon, Rohtak, and Karnal were to be a part of the new state of Haryana. Further, the tehsils of Jind (district Sangrur), Narwana (district Sangrur), Naraingarh, Ambala and Jagadhri were also to be included. |
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| 46. |
Which of the following states is not included in Capital Region Planning Council? |
| A. | Rajasthan |
| B. | Haryana |
| C. | Uttar Pradesh |
| D. | Madhya Pradesh |
| Answer» D. Madhya Pradesh | |
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Explanation: The National Capital Regional Plan covers areas in Uttar Pradesh, Haryana, Rajasthan and the National Capital Tenitory (NCT) Delhi. The Union Minister for Urban Development is the Chairman of NCR Planning Board. |
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| 47. |
In which state of India is there a uniform civil code? |
| A. | Meghalaya |
| B. | Kerala |
| C. | Haryana |
| D. | Goa |
| Answer» D. Goa | |
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Explanation: Uniform civil code of India is a term referring to the concept of an overarching Civil Law Code in India. A uniform civil code administers the same set of secular civil laws to govern all people irrespective of their religion, caste and tribe. In the small state of Goa, a civil code based on the old Portuguese Family Laws exists, and Muslim Personal Law is prohibited. This is a result of the liberation of Goa in 1961 by India, when the Indian government promised the people that their laws would be left intact. |
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| 48. |
The Name of the Laccadive, Minicoy and Amindivi Islands was changed, to Lakshadweep by an act of parliament in - |
| A. | 1973 |
| B. | 1970 |
| C. | 1971 |
| D. | 1972 |
| Answer» A. 1973 | |
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Explanation: In 1956, during the reorganization of Indian states, the Lakshadweep islands were organized into a separate union territory for administrative purposes. The name of this Union Territory was changed to Lakshadweep with effect from November 1, 1973. |
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| 49. |
The Committee appointed in 1977 to review working of the Panchayati Raj was chaired by |
| A. | Balwant Rai Mehta |
| B. | Ashok Mehta |
| C. | K. N. Katju |
| D. | Jagjivan Ram |
| Answer» B. Ashok Mehta | |
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Explanation: In. December 1977, the Janata Government appointed a committee on Panchayati Raj institutions under the chairmanship of Ashok Mehta. The committee submitted its report in August 1978 and made 132 recommendations to revive and strengthen the declining Panchayati Raj system in the country. As a result of this report, the Indian states of Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, and West Bengal passed new legislation. |
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| 50. |
The Balwant Rai Mehta Committee was associated with – |
| A. | Industrial Policy |
| B. | Banking Reforms |
| C. | Panchayati Raj |
| D. | Centre-State relations |
| Answer» C. Panchayati Raj | |
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Explanation: The Balwant Rai Mehta Committee was a committee appointed by the Government of India in January 1957 to examine the working of the Community Development Programrne (1952) and the National Extension Service (1953) and to suggest measures for their better working. |
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