McqMate
These multiple-choice questions (MCQs) are designed to enhance your knowledge and understanding in the following areas: Mechanical Engineering .
Chapters
| 51. |
Ultrasonic testing is: |
| A. | Mechanical energy with a speed of propagation faster than the speed of sound |
| B. | Sound which has a frequency or pitch above the range of the human ear |
| C. | The science of discontinuity detection using ultrasonic sound |
| D. | Mechanical vibrations below the frequency of human hearing |
| Answer» B. Sound which has a frequency or pitch above the range of the human ear | |
| 52. |
Which technique would most likely be used to examine a weld, with the weld cap still in place? |
| A. | Through transmission testing |
| B. | Angle beam testing |
| C. | Straight beam testing |
| D. | None of the above |
| Answer» B. Angle beam testing | |
| 53. |
The maximum frequency usually used for contact testing is: |
| A. | 1 MHz |
| B. | 5 MHz |
| C. | 10 MHz |
| D. | 25 MHz |
| Answer» B. 5 MHz | |
| 54. |
Higher frequency transducers are normally used: |
| A. | In contact testing applications |
| B. | In angle beam testing applications |
| C. | In immersion testing applications |
| D. | Where deeper penetration is required |
| Answer» C. In immersion testing applications | |
| 55. |
Typical ultrasonic testing frequencies are: |
| A. | 50 kHz to 1 MHz |
| B. | 200 kHz to 25 MHz |
| C. | 10 MHz to 100 MHz |
| D. | 1 MHz to 5 MHz |
| Answer» D. 1 MHz to 5 MHz | |
| 56. |
‘25 million cycles per second’ can also be stated as: |
| A. | 25 kHz |
| B. | 2500 kHz |
| C. | 25 MHz |
| D. | 25 Hz |
| Answer» C. 25 MHz | |
| 57. |
A disadvantage of using a high frequency ultrasonic transducer is: |
| A. | It provides a smaller beam angle and better resolving power |
| B. | It provides a larger beam angle and poorer resolving power |
| C. | It is scattered more by coarse grained material |
| D. | It is scattered less by coarse grained material |
| Answer» C. It is scattered more by coarse grained material | |
| 58. |
Which of the following circuits provides timing signals to the pulser? |
| A. | The clock |
| B. | The amplifier |
| C. | The pulse generator |
| D. | The sweep generator |
| Answer» A. The clock | |
| 59. |
Which of the following search units would contain the thinnest quartz crystal? |
| A. | A 1 MHz search unit |
| B. | A 5 MHz search unit |
| C. | A 15 MHz search unit |
| D. | A 25 MHz search unit |
| Answer» D. A 25 MHz search unit | |
| 60. |
With longitudinal wave incident at angles between the first and second critical angles: |
| A. | The sound beam is totally reflected |
| B. | Only shear waves are produced in the second material |
| C. | Shear waves and longitudinal waves are produced in the second material |
| D. | Only longitudinal waves are produced in the second material |
| Answer» B. Only shear waves are produced in the second material | |
| 61. |
Sound velocity is described by which of the following relationships? |
| A. | Wavelength times frequency |
| B. | Wavelength divided by frequency |
| C. | Wavelength divided acoustic impedance |
| D. | Acoustic impedance divided by density |
| Answer» A. Wavelength times frequency | |
| 62. |
The relationship between the longitudinal wave incident angle and the refracted shear wave angle is defined by: |
| A. | Snell's law |
| B. | Snell's constant |
| C. | The law of acoustics |
| D. | Fraunhofer’s law |
| Answer» A. Snell's law | |
| 63. |
Acoustic impedance is defined by which of the following relations? |
| A. | Material density/wavelength |
| B. | Material density × velocity |
| C. | Velocity/wavelength |
| D. | Velocity × wavelength |
| Answer» B. Material density × velocity | |
| 64. |
The upper limit of human hearing is normally considered to be about: |
| A. | 12 kHz |
| B. | 16 kHz |
| C. | 20 kHz |
| D. | 30 kHz |
| Answer» C. 20 kHz | |
| 65. |
Reference standards containing a series of flat bottom holes of the same diameter at different depths in each block are called? |
| A. | Area-amplitude blocks |
| B. | Distance-amplitude blocks |
| C. | IIW blocks |
| D. | Sizing blocks |
| Answer» B. Distance-amplitude blocks | |
| 66. |
During ultrasonic testing by the immersion method, it is frequently necessary to angulate the search unit when a discontinuity is located at an angle in order to: |
| A. | Avoid a large number of back reflections that could interfere with a normal test pattern |
| B. | Obtain a maximum response if the discontinuity is not originally oriented perpendicular to the ultrasonic beam |
| C. | Obtain a discontinuity indication of the same height as the indication from the flat bottomed hole in a reference block |
| D. | Obtain the maximum number of entry surface reflections |
| Answer» B. Obtain a maximum response if the discontinuity is not originally oriented perpendicular to the ultrasonic beam | |
| 67. |
Which of the following transducer materials is the most efficient receiver of ultrasonic energy? |
| A. | Lead metaniobate |
| B. | Quartz |
| C. | Lithium sulphate |
| D. | Barium titanate |
| Answer» C. Lithium sulphate | |
| 68. |
An ultrasonic wave in which particle displacement is 90 degrees to the direction of wave propagation is called a: |
| A. | Longitudinal wave |
| B. | Shear wave |
| C. | Compressional wave |
| D. | Plate wave |
| Answer» B. Shear wave | |
| 69. |
An advantage of using lithium sulphate in search units it that: |
| A. | It is one of the most efficient generators of ultrasonic energy |
| B. | It is one of the most efficient receivers of ultrasonic energy |
| C. | It is insoluble |
| D. | It can withstand temperatures as high as 700ºC |
| Answer» B. It is one of the most efficient receivers of ultrasonic energy | |
| 70. |
Which of the following materials of the same alloy is most likely to produce the greatest amount of sound attenuation over a given distance? |
| A. | A hand forging |
| B. | A coarse grained casting |
| C. | An extrusion |
| D. | The attenuation is equal in all materials |
| Answer» B. A coarse grained casting | |
| 71. |
The ability to separate echos from reflectors close together in depth is called: |
| A. | Resolution |
| B. | Attenuation |
| C. | Accuracy |
| D. | Sensitivity |
| Answer» A. Resolution | |
| 72. |
Greater depth of penetration in coarse grained material may be achieved using: |
| A. | More sweep delay |
| B. | Higher frequencies |
| C. | Less sweep delay |
| D. | Lower frequencies |
| Answer» D. Lower frequencies | |
| 73. |
Lower frequency transducers produce: |
| A. | Deeper penetration, greater attentuation and less beam spread |
| B. | Deeper penetration, less attentuation and greater beam spread |
| C. | Greater beam spread but higher sensitivity and resolution |
| D. | Less beam spread but lower sensitivity and resolution |
| Answer» B. Deeper penetration, less attentuation and greater beam spread | |
| 74. |
Spurious indications might be caused by which of the following? |
| A. | Mode conversion from beam spread in a long specimen |
| B. | Surface waves generated during straight beam testing |
| C. | A test piece with a smooth machined surface |
| D. | All of the above |
| Answer» A. Mode conversion from beam spread in a long specimen | |
| 75. |
The portion of a test piece which is represented by the CRT screen area from zero to the rightmost edge of the initial pulse is called: |
| A. | The dead zone |
| B. | The near field |
| C. | The near zone |
| D. | The far zone |
| Answer» B. The near field | |
| 76. |
The depth of penetration of surface waves is approximately: |
| A. | One wavelength |
| B. | Three wavelengths |
| C. | 1/2 wavelength |
| D. | The total part thickness |
| Answer» A. One wavelength | |
| 77. |
An ultrasonic test using a straight beam contact search unit is being conducted through the thickness of a flat part such as a plate. This test should detect: |
| A. | Laminar-type flaws with major dimensions parallel to the rolled surface |
| B. | Transverse-type flaws with major dimensions at right angles to the rolled surface |
| C. | Radial flaws with major dimensions along length but radially oriented to the rolled surface |
| D. | None of the above |
| Answer» A. Laminar-type flaws with major dimensions parallel to the rolled surface | |
| 78. |
The first critical angle is defined as the longitudinal wave incident angle which results in: |
| A. | A refracted longitudinal wave of ninety degrees |
| B. | A refracted shear wave of ninety degrees |
| C. | Complete reflection of the shear wave |
| D. | None of the above |
| Answer» A. A refracted longitudinal wave of ninety degrees | |
| 79. |
The number of complete waves which pass a given point in a given period of time (usually one second) is referred to as the: |
| A. | Amplitude of a wave motion |
| B. | Pulse length of a wave motion |
| C. | Frequency of a wave motion |
| D. | Wavelength of a wave motion |
| Answer» C. Frequency of a wave motion | |
| 80. |
The speed of sound in a given material depends on: |
| A. | The specific acoustic impedance of the material |
| B. | The acoustic impedance and density of the material |
| C. | The density and elasticity of the material |
| D. | The piezo-electric resistance of the material |
| Answer» C. The density and elasticity of the material | |
| 81. |
AA screen pattern containing a large number of low-level indications (often reffered to as ‘hash’) could be caused by: |
| A. | A crack |
| B. | A large inclusion |
| C. | Coarse grained material |
| D. | Fine grained material |
| Answer» C. Coarse grained material | |
| 82. |
In an A scan presentation, the horizontal base line represents the: |
| A. | Amount of refracted ultrasonic sound energy |
| B. | Distance traveled by the search unit |
| C. | Elapsed time or distance |
| D. | None of the above |
| Answer» C. Elapsed time or distance | |
| 83. |
An ultrasonic instrument control which is used to expand or contract the horizontal base line of an A scan display is called: |
| A. | The sweep length or range control |
| B. | The damping control |
| C. | The sweep delay |
| D. | The pulse length control |
| Answer» A. The sweep length or range control | |
| 84. |
In a basic ultrasonic test pattern (A scan) for contact testing, the initial pulse (assume no sweep delay is used): |
| A. | Is the high indication on the extreme left side of the screen that represents the entry surface of the inspected part |
| B. | Is the first pulse that occurs near the right side of the screen and represents the opposite boundary of the inspected part |
| C. | Is an indication that appears and disappears during screening |
| D. | Is always the second pulse from the left on the viewing screen |
| Answer» A. Is the high indication on the extreme left side of the screen that represents the entry surface of the inspected part | |
| 85. |
AA term used in ultrasonics to express the rate at which sound waves pass through various substances is: |
| A. | Frequency |
| B. | Velocity |
| C. | Wave length |
| D. | Pulse length |
| Answer» B. Velocity | |
| 86. |
Transducer focal lengths are normally specified as: |
| A. | Distance in steel |
| B. | Distance in aluminium |
| C. | Distance in air |
| D. | Distance in water |
| Answer» A. Distance in steel | |
| 87. |
The second critical angle is defined as the longitudinal wave incident angle which results in: |
| A. | A refracted longitudinal wave of ninety degrees |
| B. | A refracted shear wave of ninety degrees |
| C. | Complete reflection of the sound beam |
| D. | None of the above |
| Answer» B. A refracted shear wave of ninety degrees | |
| 88. |
Spurious or nonrelevant indications might be suspected if: |
| A. | Indications are unusually consistent in amplitude and appearance |
| B. | There are strong indications in localised areas |
| C. | The indications are localised and repeatable |
| D. | None of the above |
| Answer» A. Indications are unusually consistent in amplitude and appearance | |
| 89. |
A A disadvantage of lithium sulfate as a transducer material is that: |
| A. | It is an inefficient receiver of ultrasonic energy |
| B. | It is soluble in water |
| C. | It is not piezo- electric |
| D. | It has extremely coarse grain structure |
| Answer» B. It is soluble in water | |
| 90. |
An advantage of using a ceramic transducer in search units is that: |
| A. | It is one of the most efficient generators of ultrasonic energy |
| B. | It is one of the most efficient receivers of ultrasonic energy |
| C. | It has a very low mechanical impedance |
| D. | It can withstand temperatures as high as 700oC |
| Answer» A. It is one of the most efficient generators of ultrasonic energy | |
| 91. |
The three most common modes of sound vibration are: |
| A. | Longitudinal, compressional, and transverse waves |
| B. | Longitudinal, transverse and rayleigh waves |
| C. | Transverse, longitudinal and shear waves |
| D. | Transverse, shear waves and rayleigh waves |
| Answer» B. Longitudinal, transverse and rayleigh waves | |
| 92. |
A A larger diameter crystal results in: |
| A. | Greater beam spread |
| B. | Lower penetrating power |
| C. | Less beam spread |
| D. | Greater penetrating power |
| Answer» C. Less beam spread | |
| 93. |
Entry surface resolution is a characteristic of an ultrasonic testing system which defines its ability to: |
| A. | Detect discontinuities oriented in a direction parallel to the ultrasonic beam |
| B. | Detect discontinuities located in the center of a forging containing a fine metallurgical structure |
| C. | Detect minute surface scratches |
| D. | Detect discontinuities located just beneath the entry surface in the part being tested |
| Answer» D. Detect discontinuities located just beneath the entry surface in the part being tested | |
| 94. |
Higher frequency transducers produce which of the following? |
| A. | Greater beam spread, sensitivity and resolution |
| B. | Greater sensitivity, resolution and penetration |
| C. | Greater penetration, attenuation and resolution |
| D. | Greater sensitivity, resolution and attenuation |
| Answer» D. Greater sensitivity, resolution and attenuation | |
| 95. |
In immersion testing, verification that the search unit is normal to a flat entry surface is indicated by: |
| A. | Maximum reflection from the entry surface |
| B. | Proper wavelength |
| C. | Maximum amplitude of the initial pulse |
| D. | Elimination of water multiples |
| Answer» A. Maximum reflection from the entry surface | |
| 96. |
Which of the following is true? |
| A. | Velocity = frequency/wavelength |
| B. | Frequency = velocity × wavelength |
| C. | Velocity = wavelength/frequency |
| D. | Wavelength=velocity/frequency |
| Answer» D. Wavelength=velocity/frequency | |
| 97. |
Most commercial ultrasonic testing is accomplished using frequencies between: |
| A. | 1 and 25 kHz |
| B. | 0.2 and 25 MHz |
| C. | 1 and 1 000 kHz |
| D. | 15 and 100 MHz |
| Answer» B. 0.2 and 25 MHz | |
| 98. |
The longitudinal wave incident angle which results in formation of a rayleigh wave is called: |
| A. | Normal incidence |
| B. | The first critical angle |
| C. | The second critical angle |
| D. | Any angle above the first critical angle |
| Answer» C. The second critical angle | |
| 99. |
An ultrasonic testing technique in which the transducer element is not parallel to the test surface is called: |
| A. | Angle beam testing |
| B. | Immersion testing |
| C. | Contact testing |
| D. | Through-transmission testing |
| Answer» A. Angle beam testing | |
| 100. |
In the same material, shear wave velocity is: |
| A. | Approximately 1/2 longitudinal wave velocity |
| B. | Approximately twice longitudinal wave velocity |
| C. | Approximately 1/4 longitudinal wave velocity |
| D. | Approximately four times longitudinal wave velocity |
| Answer» A. Approximately 1/2 longitudinal wave velocity | |
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