Chapter: Magnetic Particle Testing Level 1
301.

A continuous linear indication along the edge of a new fillet weld would most likely be a:

A. Crater crack
B. Fatigue crack
C. Stress corrosion crack
D. Heat affected zone hydrogen crack
Answer» D. Heat affected zone hydrogen crack
302.

Ferromagnetic material is:

A. Strongly attracted by a magnet
B. Capable of being magnetized
C. Both (a) and (b)
D. Not capable of being magnetized
Answer» C. Both (a) and (b)
303.

The retentivity of a material describes:

A. The ease with which it can be magnetized
B. The depth of the magnetic field in the part
C. The length of time required to demagnetise it
D. The ability to retain the magnetic field
Answer» D. The ability to retain the magnetic field
304.

Which of the following can be magnetised?

A. Iron
B. Nickel
C. Cobalt
D. All of the above
Answer» D. All of the above
305.

The magnetic field is strongest when:

A. The magnetising voltage is flowing
B. The magnetising current is flowing
C. The material exhibits high coercive forces
D. The magnetising current is not flowing
Answer» B. The magnetising current is flowing
306.

The unit usually used to denote flux density is the:

A. Gauss
B. Henry
C. Farad
D. Ampere
Answer» A. Gauss
307.

Which statement is true when related to magnetic lines of force?

A. They never cross
B. They are most dense at the poles of a magnet
C. They seek the path of least resistance
D. All of the above
Answer» D. All of the above
308.

Magnetic lines of force:

A. Travel in straight lines
B. Form a closed loop
C. Are randomly oriented
D. Overlay in highly ferromagnetic materials
Answer» B. Form a closed loop
309.

The areas on a magnetised part from which the magnetic field is leaving or returning into the part are called:

A. Salient points
B. Defects
C. Magnetic poles
D. Nodes
Answer» C. Magnetic poles
310.

The magnetism which remains in a piece of magnetisable material after the magnetising force has been removed is called the:

A. Tramp field
B. Residual field
C. Damped field
D. Permanent field
Answer» B. Residual field
311.

Which technique is the most sensitive?

A. Continuous
B. Residual
C. Interrupted
D. Counter current
Answer» A. Continuous
312.

The point at which the magnetism in a material cannot be increased even though the magnetising force continues to increase is known as the:

A. Salient pole
B. Saturation point
C. Residual point
D. Remnant point
Answer» B. Saturation point
313.

An electric current through a copper wire:

A. Creates a magnetic field around the wire
B. Creates magnetic poles in the wire
C. Magnetises the wire
D. Does not create a magnetic field
Answer» A. Creates a magnetic field around the wire
314.

A longitudinal surface crack in a circularly magnetised part will cause:

A. The magnetic field to die out
B. A decrease in permeability
C. A magnetic leakage field
D. A current to flow
Answer» C. A magnetic leakage field
315.

The type of current that is best suited to detect surface discontinuities is:

A. DC
B. AC
C. Pulsating DC
D. Half wave
Answer» B. AC
316.

Retentivity:

A. Represents the ability to induce magnetism in a ferromagnetic body by an outside magnetising force
B. Represents the ability of a material to resist the establishment of magnetic flux within it
C. Represents the ability of a material to retain a portion of the magnetic field set up in it after the magnetising force has been removed
D. Is not a term used in magnetic particle testing
Answer» C. Represents the ability of a material to retain a portion of the magnetic field set up in it after the magnetising force has been removed
317.

Demagnetisation:

A. May be easy or difficult depending on the type of material
B. Is easy for materials having a high coercive force
C. Is always most difficult in materials retaining a high residual field
D. All of the above answers are correct
Answer» A. May be easy or difficult depending on the type of material
318.

What rule describes the direction of current flow (+ to -) when lines of magnetic force surround a conductor?

A. Left hand rule
B. Right hand rule
C. Flux rule
D. Reluctance rule
Answer» B. Right hand rule
319.

The proper number of ampere-turns for a given test specimen is determined by:

A. Its length
B. The material and its diameter
C. Both the length and the material
D. Its diameter and length
Answer» D. Its diameter and length
320.

An electrical yoke produces:

A. A longitudinal field
B. A circular field
C. Alternating fields
D. A swinging field
Answer» A. A longitudinal field
321.

In longitudinal magnetisation the proper term for calculating magnetising force is:

A. Amperes
B. Ampere-turns
C. Watts
D. Ohms
Answer» B. Ampere-turns
322.

The amount of amperage used for magnetic particle inspection using the prod method is determined from the:

A. Type of material
B. Distance between the prods
C. Diameter of the part
D. Total length of the part
Answer» B. Distance between the prods
323.

Which of the following is the most effective method for the detection of extremely deep-lying defects:

A. Dry residual method using DC surge
B. Wet continuous method using half wave rectified current
C. Wet residual method
D. Dry continuous method using half wave rectified current with prods
Answer» D. Dry continuous method using half wave rectified current with prods
324.

What method provides greater sensitivity, particularly in locating subsurface discontinuities?:

A. Continuous
B. Residual
C. Circular
D. Longitudinal
Answer» A. Continuous
325.

Which type of current has a ‘skin effect’:

A. AC
B. DC
C. Half wave rectified
D. Full wave rectified
Answer» A. AC
326.

When using the wet continuous method, the flow of suspension from the hose should be shut off:

A. Immediately after applying the current
B. Immediately before applying the current
C. While the current is flowing
D. Thirty seconds before applying the current
Answer» C. While the current is flowing
327.

The area of maximum induced field strength using a yoke is:

A. At the north pole of the yoke
B. At the south pole of the yoke
C. The area directly between the poles
D. on the outside of pole pieces
Answer» C. The area directly between the poles
328.

The strongest magnetic field in a coil is at the:

A. Outside edge
B. Inside edge
C. Centre
D. End
Answer» B. Inside edge
329.

What equipment is used to determine if a part has been demagnetised?

A. A magnet on the part
B. A field meter
C. A survey meter
D. Careful observation for clinging magnetic particles
Answer» B. A field meter
330.

Which of the following will best define surface cracks?

A. Half wave rectified AC
B. DC
C. AC
D. Surge current
Answer» C. AC
331.

Applying the theory of the ‘Right Hand Rule’, a longitudinal surface defect in a round bar is detected by ‘current passing in a direction parallel to the direction of expected defects’ because:

A. The current direction is in line with the defect
B. The magnetic field is at right angles to the defect
C. It makes no difference
D. The magnetic field is parallel to the defect
Answer» B. The magnetic field is at right angles to the defect
332.

Why are magnetic particles available in different colours?

A. For colour contrast with the part surface
B. To enhance the detection of indications
C. For both a and b
D. Different colours are used with different magnetic flux values
Answer» C. For both a and b
333.

A magnetic particle build-up from a discontinuity is strongest when the discontinuity is oriented:

A. 180o to the magnetic field
B. 45o to the magnetic field
C. 90o to the magnetic field
D. 90o to the current flow
Answer» C. 90o to the magnetic field
334.

Why is it preferable to disassemble parts before magnetic particle inspection?

A. Disassembly makes all surface areas visible
B. Interfaces will create leakage fields which may confuse the inspection
C. It is usually easier to handle the disassembled parts
D. All of the above
Answer» D. All of the above
335.

Fluorescent magnetic particle indications should be inspected under

A. Fluorescent light
B. Any light
C. Black light
D. Neon light
Answer» C. Black light
336.

Why should one avoid using a high velocity flow of a wet testing media over the test area

A. It may wash away a fine or lightly held indication
B. This is not a problem
C. It may splash particle into eyes
D. None of the above are correct
Answer» A. It may wash away a fine or lightly held indication
337.

What are the three causes of non-relevant indications?

A. Lack of fusion, change of section thickness, grinding cracks
B. Change of section thickness, very high amperage, drilled hole near surface
C. Very high amperage, drilled hole near surface, blow holes
D. Drilled hole near surface, very high amperage, lack of fusion
Answer» B. Change of section thickness, very high amperage, drilled hole near surface
338.

Magnetic particle inspection is not a reliable method of detecting

A. Laps
B. Deep seated cavities
C. Cracks
D. Seams
Answer» B. Deep seated cavities
339.

A defect open to the surface produces an indication which is

A. Sharp and distinct
B. Wide and indefinite
C. Criss-cross
D. High and fuzzy
Answer» A. Sharp and distinct
340.

Wet magnetic bath strength is checked by which of the following

A. Specific gravity
B. Optical density
C. Settling test
D. None of the above
Answer» C. Settling test
341.

When preparing a bath it is important to have the bath strength at a proper level, as too many particles can result in:

A. Lowering the test amperage
B. Having to increase the magnetising current
C. Masking the indications
D. None of the above
Answer» C. Masking the indications
342.

Magnetic particle is a non-destructive examination method used for:

A. Locating surface discontinuities
B. Near surface discontinuities
C. Both a and b
D. Material separation
Answer» C. Both a and b
343.

A part is adaptable to magnetic particle inspection if

A. It is attached to an electrostatic field
B. The material is ferromagnetic
C. The material is non-ferrous
D. The material is an electric conductor
Answer» B. The material is ferromagnetic
344.

The permeability of a material describes:

A. The ease with which it can be magnetized
B. The depth of the magnetic field in the part
C. The length of time required to demagnetise it
D. The ability to retain the magnetic field
Answer» A. The ease with which it can be magnetized
345.

If a crack exists in a circular magnet, the attraction of magnetic particles to the crack is caused by:

A. A coercive force
B. A leakage field
C. A Doppler effect
D. A high reluctance at the crack
Answer» B. A leakage field
346.

The flux within and surrounding a magnetised part or around a conductor carrying a current is known as:

A. Saturation point
B. Magnetic field
C. Ferromagnetic
D. Paramagnetic
Answer» B. Magnetic field
347.

A metal that is difficult to magnetise is said to have:

A. High permeability
B. Low permeability
C. High reluctance
D. Low retentivity
Answer» B. Low permeability
348.

Which residual field is most difficult to demagnetise?

A. Longitudinal
B. Circular
C. Vector
D. Binodal
Answer» B. Circular
349.

Which brings out surface indications most clearly?

A. AC
B. DC
C. Pulsed DC
D. DC with surge
Answer» A. AC
350.

To detect lengthwise defects on the inside diameter of hollow parts, you should:

A. Pass current through it
B. Magnetise with a coil
C. Pass current through a central conductor
D. Increase the amperage used
Answer» C. Pass current through a central conductor
351.

Which of the following is most often used for dry magnetic particle inspection:

A. Full cycle direct current
B. Half wave rectified alternating current
C. High voltage, low amperage current
D. Direct current from electrolytic cells
Answer» B. Half wave rectified alternating current
352.

When a magnetic field is induced in a part with prods spaced 150mm apart, the field is:

A. Solenoidal
B. Circular
C. Longitudinal
D. Distorted trapezoidal
Answer» B. Circular
353.

With current flowing from + to - in a coil, a longitudinal field is created. Which of the following may be used to establish the direction of the magnetic field?

A. Left hand rule
B. Right hand rule
C. Ohms law
D. There is no relevant law
Answer» B. Right hand rule
354.

Which form of magnetisation is easiest to control in most parts?

A. Longitudinal magnetisation
B. Permanent magnetism
C. Circular magnetization
D. Parallel magnetization
Answer» A. Longitudinal magnetisation
355.

The strength of a magnetic field within a coil is determined by:

A. The current in the coil
B. The number of turns in the coil\
C. The diameter of the coil
D. All of the above factors
Answer» D. All of the above factors
356.

The field in a section of pipe being magnetised by means of a central conductor is stronger at:

A. The ends of the pipe
B. The outer surface of the pipe
C. The inside surface of the pipe
D. The middle of the pipe wall
Answer» C. The inside surface of the pipe
357.

The space within and surrounding a magnetized part of a conductor carrying a current is known as:

A. Saturation point
B. Magnetic field
C. Ferromagnetic
D. Paramagnetic
Answer» B. Magnetic field
358.

Subjecting the part to a magnetic field that is constantly reversing in polarity and gradually diminishing in strength accomplishes which of the following:

A. Magnetises the part
B. Removes residual field from the part
C. Soaks in the flux density
D. Helps find deep lying defects
Answer» B. Removes residual field from the part
359.

The type of method most frequently used with mobile equipment is the:

A. Indirect induction method
B. Wet method with auxiliary tank
C. Yoke method
D. Dry magnetic particle powder method
Answer» D. Dry magnetic particle powder method
360.

Which of the following is NOT a liquid vehicle in which particles are suspended in magnetic particle testing:

A. Water treated with a wetting agent
B. Kerosene
C. Gasoline
D. Water treated with antifoam
Answer» C. Gasoline
361.

The most common cause of non relevant indications in MT is:

A. Over magnetisation
B. Low amperage
C. High flux density
D. Under magnetisation
Answer» A. Over magnetisation
362.

When a ferromagnetic material is in an unmagnetized state, the domains are:

A. Aligned in a North and South direction
B. Aligned in an East West direction
C. Randomly organized
D. Balanced to produce a gauss rating of 2
Answer» C. Randomly organized
363.

Paramagnetic materials:

A. Are commonly inspected using magnetic particle testing
B. Are affected by magnetic fields
C. Cannot be magnetized
D. Have low reluctance to establishment of magnetic flux
Answer» B. Are affected by magnetic fields
364.

What type of magnetization uses the formula: I = 45000/(L/D)N where I is the current in Amperes, N the number of turns of the magnetizing coil, L the length of the cylindrical test piece and D its diameter.

A. Circular
B. Longitudinal
C. Swinging field
D. Central conductor
Answer» B. Longitudinal
365.

The magnetic field is the strongest when:

A. The magnetising current is flowing
B. The magnetising voltage is applied
C. The leakage field is flowing
D. The magnetising current is off
Answer» A. The magnetising current is flowing
366.

The retentivity of a material describes:

A. The length of time required to demagnetise it
B. The depth of the magnetic field in the part
C. The ability to retain the magnetic field
D. The ease with which it can be demagnetized
Answer» C. The ability to retain the magnetic field
367.

A material with a wider hysteresis loop has:

A. Lower reluctance
B. Lower residual magnetism
C. Higher residual magnetism
D. Higher permeability
Answer» C. Higher residual magnetism
368.

The unit usually used to denote flux density is the:

A. Henry
B. Angstrom
C. Gauss
D. Ampere
Answer» C. Gauss
369.

Which technique is the most sensitive?

A. Residual
B. Continuous
C. Permanent
D. Interrupted
Answer» B. Continuous
370.

What rule describes the direction of current flow (+ to -) when lines of magnetic force surround a conductor?

A. Left hand rule
B. Right hand rule
C. Flux density rule
D. Reluctance rule
Answer» B. Right hand rule
371.

The opposition that a ferromagnetic material shows to the establishment of a magnetic field is called:

A. Retentivity
B. Reluctance
C. Coercive force
D. Permeability
Answer» B. Reluctance
372.

The magnetism which remains in a piece of magnetisable material after the magnetising force has been removed is called the:

A. Tramp field
B. Residual field
C. Damped field
D. Permanent field
Answer» B. Residual field
373.

A material with a narrower hysteresis loop has:

A. Higher permeability
B. Lower retentivity
C. Lower coercive force
D. All of the above
Answer» D. All of the above
374.

The correct number of ampere-turns for a given test specimen is determined by:

A. Its length
B. The material and its diameter
C. Both the length and the material
D. Its diameter and length
Answer» D. Its diameter and length
Chapter: Magnetic Particle Testing Level 2
375.

Which of the following is not a property of magnetic lines of force?

A. They form closed loops which do not cross
B. The density increases with distance from the poles of a permanent magnet
C. Hey are considered to have direction
D. They seek paths of least magnetic resistance or least reluctance
Answer» B. The density increases with distance from the poles of a permanent magnet
376.

Surrounding an electromagnet, the magnetic field is strongest:

A. Immediately after the current ceases to flow
B. While the magnetizing current ceases to flow
C. At the time the magnetic particles are applied to the part
D. Just prior to current reversal
Answer» D. Just prior to current reversal
377.

The value of permeability is:

A. A fixed value depending upon the type of material
B. Between 1 and 100 for all ferromagnetic materials
C. Between 0 and 10 for all ferromagnetic materials
D. Dependent upon the amount of magnetizing force necessary to overcome
Answer» A. A fixed value depending upon the type of material
378.

The flux density of the magnetism induced by a coil is affected by:

A. The coil size
B. The current in the coil
C. The number of turns in the coil
D. All of the above
Answer» D. All of the above
379.

How many turns of a coil will be needed to establish a longitudinal field in a steel shaft that is 22.86 cm (9 inches) long and 7.62 cm (3 inches) in diameter? 3000 amperes magnetizing current is available, it is desired to magnetize the part in accordance with the formula NI = 45,000/(L/D):

A. 1
B. 3
C. 5
D. 7
Answer» C. 5
380.

How many ampere-turns are required to magnetize a part that is 40.6 cm (16 inches) long and 5 cm (2 inches) in diameter?

A. 9000 ampere-turns
B. 5625 ampere-turns
C. 2812 ampere-turns
D. None of the above
Answer» B. 5625 ampere-turns
381.

The lines of flux or force in a circularly magnetized ferromagnetic bar:

A. Are aligned through the piece from the south to the north pole
B. Are aligned through the piece from the north to the south pole
C. Leave the south pole and enter the north pole
D. Are contained within and around the part
Answer» D. Are contained within and around the part
382.

In which magnetizing method is the current passed directly through the part, thereby setting up a magnetic field at right angles to the current flow?

A. Longitudinal magnetization
B. Coil magnetization
C. Central conductor magnetization
D. None of the above
Answer» D. None of the above
383.

Which of the following is false concerning a magnetic field in and around a hollow conductor as compared to that of a solid conductor of the same outside diameter when both are of the same magnetic material, and when the applied current is the same?

A. The field immediately outside the outer surface of the hollow conductor is greater
B. The field gradient inside the hollow conductor is steeper
C. The fields outside the conductors are the same
D. The fields are the same at the centre
Answer» C. The fields outside the conductors are the same
384.

The field in a section of ferromagnetic pipe being magnetized by means of a central conductor is strongest at the:

A. Ends of the pipe
B. Outer surface of the pipe
C. Inner surface of the pipe
D. The field is uniform at all places
Answer» C. Inner surface of the pipe
385.

For a 7.6 cm (3 inches) diameter bar how much current is needed to magnetize the bar for the detection of longitudinal discontinuities:

A. 5500 amperes
B. 16500 amperes
C. 1000 amperes
D. 3000 amperes
Answer» D. 3000 amperes
386.

For detection of longitudinal discontinuities a 7.6 cm (3 inches) diameter bar is magnetized in:

A. The longitudinal direction
B. The circular direction
C. The clockwise direction
D. None of the above directions
Answer» B. The circular direction
387.

A bar that is 5 cm (2 inches) by 10 cm (4 inches) by 30.5 cm (12 inches) is being magnetized in the circular direction. About how many amperes are required using the perimeter approach?

A. 2200
B. 4500
C. 3800
D. None of the above
Answer» C. 3800
388.

An advantage of AC is that:

A. It is most readily available
B. Equipment can be made lighter
C. It leaves the part demagnetized
D. All of the above
Answer» D. All of the above
389.

When a magnetic field cuts across a crack:

A. Electrons begin jumping back and forth across the crack
B. The crack begins to heat up
C. Magnetic poles form at the edges of the crack
D. All of the above
Answer» C. Magnetic poles form at the edges of the crack
390.

A disadvantage of AC current is that it:

A. Cannot be used with dry powder
B. Has poor penetrating power
C. Can only provide low flux densities
D. Cannot be used for residual magnetic particle testing
Answer» B. Has poor penetrating power
391.

What causes a leakage field in a steel bar?

A. A crack
B. Reversal of the magnetic field
C. Paint on the surface
D. All of the above
Answer» A. A crack
392.

An indication is a defect under which of the following conditions?

A. If it is greater than 3.8 cm (1.5 inches) long
B. If it exceeds the limits of a standard or specification
C. If it is deep
D. Under all of the above indications
Answer» B. If it exceeds the limits of a standard or specification
393.

Paint will not affect the detection of a crack if:

A. The paint is thick and the defect is subsurface
B. The paint is thin and the crack is parallel to the direction of flux lines
C. The crack is sharp and the paint is thin
D. All of the above
Answer» C. The crack is sharp and the paint is thin
394.

A magnetic particle indication is sharp and very fine; this suggests that the discontinuity is:

A. Subsurface seam
B. A shallow, tight surface crack
C. Porosity
D. A deep crack
Answer» B. A shallow, tight surface crack
395.

Among the following, the best type of current for the detection of fatigue cracks is:

A. Half-wave direct current
B. Alternating current
C. Direct current
D. Half-wave alternating current
Answer» B. Alternating current
396.

Continuous magnetization provides the most sensitivity because:

A. The magnetic particles are present while the part is being magnetized
B. The magnetic field is greatest while the magnetizing current is on
C. All of the above
D. Neither of the above
Answer» C. All of the above
397.

The sensitivity of magnetic particle testing is greatest when the discontinuity is:

A. Parallel to the direction of the magnetic flux lines
B. Perpendicular to the flow of the magnetizing current
C. Perpendicular to the direction of the magnetic flux
D. Perpendicular to the line between prods
Answer» C. Perpendicular to the direction of the magnetic flux
398.

To provide reliability and reproducibility in magnetic particle testing, written procedures should include:

A. Location of the coil and current for each magnetization
B. Requirements for ammeter calibration
C. Type and concentration of the particles
D. All of the above
Answer» D. All of the above
399.

The magnetic particles are noticed to bunch in some fillet areas and stand on end on the edge of a part being magnetized. These observations indicate that the:

A. Particle concentration is too low
B. Flux density is excessive
C. Flux density is too low
D. Magnetizing current should be changed form AC to DC
Answer» B. Flux density is excessive
400.

Flux density is a measure of the number of magnetic flux lines perpendicular to an area of cross-section. If a discontinuity is in the plane of the unit area, the strongest magnetic article indication will be formed when the discontinuity is:

A. Inclined at 45º to the flux lines
B. Parallel to the flux lines
C. 90º to the flux lines
D. 135º to the flux lines
Answer» C. 90º to the flux lines
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