McqMate
These multiple-choice questions (MCQs) are designed to enhance your knowledge and understanding in the following areas: Bachelor of Science in Counselling Psychology (BSc Counselling Psychology) .
| 1. |
The Prisoners' Dilemma is an example of: |
| A. | free riding |
| B. | a social dilemma |
| C. | a solution to a social dilemma |
| D. | the opposite of a social dilemma |
| Answer» B. a social dilemma | |
| 2. |
What has, according to an eminent social psychologist, been ‘treated like a rude bastard relative at a family gathering’? |
| A. | downward comparison |
| B. | impression management |
| C. | civility |
| D. | stereotyping |
| Answer» B. impression management | |
| 3. |
Why is it generally felt that members of some societies might develop a stronger preference for dispositional explanations? |
| A. | many western societies are characterized by a culture of individualism, and this makes people lean more towards understanding the actor than the situation |
| B. | many western societies are characterized by a culture of collectivism, and this makes people lean more towards understanding the situation than the actor |
| C. | many non-western societies are characterized by a culture of individualism, and this makes people lean more towards understanding the actor than the situation |
| D. | many non-western societies are characterized by a culture of collectivism, and this makes people lean more towards understanding the situation than the actor |
| Answer» A. many western societies are characterized by a culture of individualism, and this makes people lean more towards understanding the actor than the situation | |
| 4. |
In Heider’s (1948) balance theory, which of the following would represent an unbalanced triad? |
| A. | agreeing with someone you like |
| B. | agreeing with someone you dislike |
| C. | disagreeing with someone you dislike |
| D. | agreeing with a friend of a friend |
| Answer» B. agreeing with someone you dislike | |
| 5. |
Completing a task which requires self-control may make it: |
| A. | easier to self-regulate on a following task |
| B. | harder to self-regulate on a following task |
| C. | impossible to self-regulate on a following task |
| D. | neither easier nor harder to self-regulate on a following task |
| Answer» B. harder to self-regulate on a following task | |
| 6. |
You decide to train for a marathon, and for a month you force yourself to get up at 6am every day to go running. At the end of the month, you notice that you have also been more successful recently at resisting the temptation to eat junk food. How would the strength model explain this: |
| A. | succeeding at a goal has increased your self-efficacy |
| B. | practicing self-control has increased your self-control resources |
| C. | forming a goal has increased your motivation to overcome obstacles |
| D. | similar goals facilitate each other |
| Answer» B. practicing self-control has increased your self-control resources | |
| 7. |
According to Ajzen and Fishbein (1977), measures of attitude and behavior need to correspond in four key ways. But which of the following is NOT one of these? |
| A. | action |
| B. | content |
| C. | target |
| D. | time |
| Answer» B. content | |
| 8. |
Which of the following would suggest that a person has low implicit self-esteem? |
| A. | they associate positive words more quickly than negative words with the self |
| B. | they associate negative words more quickly with the self than with others |
| C. | they show a greater than average liking for letters that are in their name |
| D. | they show a cautious style of self-presentation |
| Answer» B. they associate negative words more quickly with the self than with others | |
| 9. |
Which of these statements about conformity is correct? |
| A. | the more members of the majority there are, the more dramatically conformity increases |
| B. | genuine social support has a stronger influence over conformity than does broken unanimity |
| C. | group size has a greater impact on conformity than any other moderator of group influence |
| D. | people in western cultures find greater acceptance of others\ judgements than those in eastern cultures |
| Answer» B. genuine social support has a stronger influence over conformity than does broken unanimity | |
| 10. |
According to Moscovici (1976, 1980), what process of influence do minorities induce? |
| A. | validation |
| B. | conversion |
| C. | compliance |
| D. | comparison |
| Answer» A. validation | |
| 11. |
Below are three strongly-held views over which source condition (minority or majority) elicits the highest cognitive scrutiny of a message. But which one have studies shown to be correct? |
| A. | "superior message processing is associated with a minority." |
| B. | "superior message processing is associated with a majority." |
| C. | "both a majority and minority can lead to superior message processing under different conditions." |
| D. | none of these |
| Answer» C. "both a majority and minority can lead to superior message processing under different conditions." | |
| 12. |
In Gottman and Levenson’s study of married couples’ social interactions, what was the strongest predictor of divorce? |
| A. | criticism |
| B. | contempt |
| C. | anger |
| D. | infidelity |
| Answer» B. contempt | |
| 13. |
At what age do children reach an understanding of pride? |
| A. | 3-4 |
| B. | 5-6 |
| C. | 7-9 |
| D. | 10-12 |
| Answer» C. 7-9 | |
| 14. |
Self-categorisation theory suggests that social category salience is a function of: |
| A. | fit x perceiver readiness |
| B. | perceiver readiness x accessibility |
| C. | identification x normative fit |
| D. | identification x comparative fit |
| Answer» A. fit x perceiver readiness | |
| 15. |
A cognitive miser is a person who: |
| A. | hoards good ideas that should be shared with others |
| B. | gives little time to thinking about personal matters |
| C. | is good at disguising thoughts from other people |
| D. | uses little effort in making judgments about other people |
| Answer» D. uses little effort in making judgments about other people | |
| 16. |
Being in a good mood does not reduce our_______, but reduces our________. |
| A. | motivation to do hard cognitive work, incentive for doing hard cognitive work |
| B. | incentive to do hard cognitive work, motivation for doing hard cognitive work |
| C. | motivation to do hard cognitive work, capacity for doing hard cognitive work |
| D. | capacity to do hard cognitive work, motivation for doing hard cognitive work |
| Answer» D. capacity to do hard cognitive work, motivation for doing hard cognitive work | |
| 17. |
Prejudice is: |
| A. | the affective component of an attitude |
| B. | a genetically-controlled emotional response to people |
| C. | a belief usually acquired by contact with the attitude object |
| D. | a pre-judgement based on a persons’ group membership |
| Answer» D. a pre-judgement based on a persons’ group membership | |
| 18. |
Which stereotype-participant combination is likely to result in the weakest rebound effect? |
| A. | skinheads stereotype; high prejudice participant |
| B. | gay stereotype; low prejudice participant |
| C. | skinheads stereotype; low prejudice participant |
| D. | gay stereotype; high prejudice participant |
| Answer» B. gay stereotype; low prejudice participant | |
| 19. |
Which of the conditions below is MOST likely to produce stereotype change following the bookkeeping model? |
| A. | disconfirming information is concentrated on a few atypical group members |
| B. | disconfirming information is concentrated on a few typical group members |
| C. | disconfirming information is dispersed across many typical group members |
| D. | the stereotype is dramatically disconfirmed |
| Answer» C. disconfirming information is dispersed across many typical group members | |
| 20. |
According to social identity theory, which of the following strategies is LEAST likely to improve relations between social groups in an intergroup contact situation? |
| A. | providing information about similarities between groups |
| B. | providing information about differences between groups |
| C. | acknowledging particpants’ group memberships |
| D. | recategorising participants into a common group |
| Answer» A. providing information about similarities between groups | |
| 21. |
Many findings suggest that intergroup contact improves attitudes among the people actually involved, but it does not generalise to the groups from which they were drawn. This is likely to follow from the fact that: |
| A. | participants are affected by the acquiescent response bias |
| B. | most intergroup contact is actually interpersonal contact |
| C. | questionnaire measures are mostly used in this research |
| D. | an insufficient number of cross-cultural studies have been carried out |
| Answer» B. most intergroup contact is actually interpersonal contact | |
| 22. |
Which of the following is an example of using a ‘derived etic’ approach to cross cultural research? |
| A. | research that examines a single culture in its own terms |
| B. | research that compares members of thirty cultures on a measure that has been well validated in one of the cultures |
| C. | research that compares members of two cultures on a task that was developed jointly by researchers from both cultures |
| D. | none of the above |
| Answer» C. research that compares members of two cultures on a task that was developed jointly by researchers from both cultures | |
| 23. |
What is the ‘ecological fallacy’? |
| A. | interpreting an individual-level finding as if it were at the ecological-level |
| B. | interpreting an ecological-level finding as if it were at the individual level |
| C. | failing to look after the environment |
| D. | disbelief in global warming |
| Answer» B. interpreting an ecological-level finding as if it were at the individual level | |
| 24. |
Social psychology is the scientific study of how people ___________________________, ___________________________, and ___________________________ one another. |
| A. | understand, feel about, act toward |
| B. | perceive, think about, act toward |
| C. | think about, influence, relate to |
| D. | observe, influence, conflict with |
| Answer» C. think about, influence, relate to | |
| 25. |
Social psychology began to emerge as the vibrant field it is today during |
| A. | the depression of the early 1930s when researchers examined the effects of deprivation on aggression and altruism |
| B. | world war i when psychologists conducted studies of social conflict and cooperation |
| C. | world war ii when researchers performed studies of persuasion and soldier morale |
| D. | the korean war when psychologists examined the effects of brainwashing on prisoners of war |
| Answer» C. world war ii when researchers performed studies of persuasion and soldier morale | |
| 26. |
In comparison to the sociologist, the social psychologist |
| A. | is more likely to study the social causes of behavior |
| B. | is more likely to study individuals than groups |
| C. | gives less attention to our internal functioning |
| D. | relies more heavily on correlational research |
| Answer» B. is more likely to study individuals than groups | |
| 27. |
In comparison to personality psychology, social psychology |
| A. | has a shorter history |
| B. | is more concerned with the biological causes of behavior |
| C. | is more likely to use case studies in theory development |
| D. | has greater concern for differences between individuals |
| Answer» A. has a shorter history | |
| 28. |
In comparison to personality psychology, social psychology |
| A. | focuses more on our common humanity |
| B. | has more famous, well-known theorists |
| C. | is an older specialty within the discipline of psychology |
| D. | provides more "grand" or comprehensive theories of human functioning |
| Answer» A. focuses more on our common humanity | |
| 29. |
Most social-psychological research is conducted either in the field or in the ______________________ and is either correlational or ________________________. |
| A. | clinic; survey |
| B. | laboratory; experimental |
| C. | laboratory; survey |
| D. | clinic; experimental |
| Answer» B. laboratory; experimental | |
| 30. |
Survey researchers obtain a representative group |
| A. | through random assignment |
| B. | by selecting at least 2000 respondents to be interviewed |
| C. | by taking a random sample |
| D. | either through telephone books or automobile registrations |
| Answer» C. by taking a random sample | |
| 31. |
The great strength of _____________________ is that it tends to occur in real-world settings where it can examine questions regarding important factors like race, sex, and social status. |
| A. | correlational research |
| B. | field experimentation |
| C. | laboratory experimentation |
| D. | quasi-experimentation |
| Answer» A. correlational research | |
| 32. |
Which of the following distinguishes the correlational method from experimentation? |
| A. | the correlational method uses a smaller group of subjects |
| B. | the correlational method enables researchers to study social attitudes |
| C. | no attempt is made to systematically manipulate one or more factors with the correlational method |
| D. | the findings from the correlational method are more likely to |
| Answer» C. no attempt is made to systematically manipulate one or more factors with the correlational method | |
| 33. |
Random assignment means that each person taking part in an experiment must |
| A. | have an equal chance of being in a given condition in theexperiment |
| B. | be assigned to all the conditions of the experimental treatment |
| C. | be randomly selected from the larger population |
| D. | be given random responses to the experimenter\s questions |
| Answer» A. have an equal chance of being in a given condition in theexperiment | |
| 34. |
The experimental factor that the experimenter manipulates is called the _______________ variable. |
| A. | dependent |
| B. | control |
| C. | independent |
| D. | experimental |
| Answer» C. independent | |
| 35. |
In an experiment, the variable being measured is called the __________________ variable. |
| A. | control |
| B. | independent |
| C. | experimental |
| D. | dependent |
| Answer» D. dependent | |
| 36. |
The experimental method is used in about ___________________________ of all social-psychological research studies. |
| A. | one-fourth |
| B. | one-half |
| C. | three-fourths |
| D. | nine-tenths |
| Answer» C. three-fourths | |
| 37. |
Hypotheses are best characterized as |
| A. | axioms |
| B. | principles |
| C. | predictions |
| D. | conclusions |
| Answer» C. predictions | |
| 38. |
According to the text, ___________________________ tends to make people overconfident about the validity of their judgments and predictions. |
| A. | the fundamental attribution error |
| B. | illusory correlation |
| C. | the naturalistic fallacy |
| D. | the hindsight bias |
| Answer» D. the hindsight bias | |
| 39. |
In an experimental study of the effects of failure on selfesteem, self-esteem would be the |
| A. | control condition |
| B. | independent variable |
| C. | dependent variable |
| D. | experimental condition |
| Answer» C. dependent variable | |
| 40. |
The text suggests that adjectives such as "self-actualized," "mature," and "well-adjusted" demonstrate |
| A. | how psychological concepts have hidden values |
| B. | how psychological concepts are individualistic |
| C. | an inordinate concern with mental health |
| D. | how personality psychologists are more influential than social psychologists |
| Answer» D. how personality psychologists are more influential than social psychologists | |
| 41. |
According to the text, the fact that human thinking always involves interpretation |
| A. | provides a valid reason for dismissing science |
| B. | is precisely why we need scientific analysis |
| C. | is a reason for preferring experimental over correlational research |
| D. | has been more frequently recognized by those in the sciences than by those in the humanities |
| Answer» A. provides a valid reason for dismissing science | |
| 42. |
The naturalistic fallacy provides an example of |
| A. | the hindsight bias |
| B. | how values penetrate the work of the scientist |
| C. | how commonsense notions are often wrong |
| D. | how naturalistic observation is unable to answer questions about cause-effect relationships |
| Answer» B. how values penetrate the work of the scientist | |
| 43. |
In comparison to North American social psychologists, European social psychologists tend to give more attention to the _______________ levels of explanation. |
| A. | intrapersonal and interpersonal |
| B. | intergroup and societal |
| C. | interpersonal and intergroup |
| D. | intrapersonal and societal |
| Answer» B. intergroup and societal | |
| 44. |
Who of the following is most likely to study how religious attitudes develop within the typical individual? |
| A. | a sociologist |
| B. | a social worker |
| C. | a social psychologist |
| D. | a theologian |
| Answer» B. a social worker | |
| 45. |
Who of the following would be most likely to study how the political attitudes of middle-class people differ from those of lower-class people? |
| A. | a personality psychologist |
| B. | a social psychologist |
| C. | a social biologist |
| D. | a sociologist |
| Answer» C. a social biologist | |
| 46. |
You would like to know the relationship between the number of psychology courses people take and their interpersonal sensitivity. You survey university students to determine how much psychology they have taken and then have them complete a test of social sensitivity. Finally you plot the relationship. This is an example of |
| A. | a laboratory experiment |
| B. | a field experiment |
| C. | a correlational study |
| D. | participant observation |
| Answer» D. participant observation | |
| 47. |
The telephone company wants to survey its 100,000 customers. Four proposals for sampling the customers are being considered. Which would you recommend? |
| A. | interview every 75th person listed in the telephone directory |
| B. | mail a questionnaire to all 100,000 customers and assume at least 1200 will respond |
| C. | interview the people in every 50th residence from a postal listing of all addresses |
| D. | interview those 1000 persons with the highest phone bills |
| Answer» C. interview the people in every 50th residence from a postal listing of all addresses | |
| 48. |
A research psychologist manipulates the level of fear in human subjects in the laboratory and then examines what effect the different levels of fear have on the subjects' reaction times. In this study, reaction time is the _______________ variable. |
| A. | dependent |
| B. | correlational |
| C. | independent |
| D. | experimental |
| Answer» A. dependent | |
| 49. |
Which of the following research methods would be most effective in demonstrating that the presence of others improves our performance of a task? |
| A. | an experiment |
| B. | correlational study |
| C. | a survey |
| D. | a field study |
| Answer» A. an experiment | |
| 50. |
Which of the following techniques would be the most effective way of investigating the relationship between the political preferences and the age of Canadian citizens? |
| A. | an experiment |
| B. | a case study |
| C. | a correlational study |
| D. | participant observation |
| Answer» A. an experiment | |
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