McqMate
These multiple-choice questions (MCQs) are designed to enhance your knowledge and understanding in the following areas: Bachelor of Science in Counselling Psychology (BSc Counselling Psychology) .
| 51. |
A negative correlation between degree of wealth and the likelihood of being involved in criminal activity would indicate that |
| A. | poverty makes people more likely to commit a crime |
| B. | the poor are more likely to be involved in criminal activity than are the wealthy |
| C. | being involved in criminal activity usually prevents people from accumulating wealth |
| D. | all of the above are necessarily true |
| Answer» C. being involved in criminal activity usually prevents people from accumulating wealth | |
| 52. |
In a research study investigating the effects of stress on the desire to affiliate, half of the participants complete an easy test of mental ability and half complete a difficult test. What techniqueshould the investigators use to ensure that any posttest differences in the group's desire to affiliate actually result from the differences in test difficulty? |
| A. | random sampling |
| B. | random assignment |
| C. | replication |
| D. | none of the above |
| Answer» B. random assignment | |
| 53. |
There is a strong relationship between dating frequency and physical attractiveness |
| A. | for males. |
| B. | for females. |
| C. | for both males and females. |
| D. | beyond the initial stage of attraction. |
| Answer» B. for females. | |
| 54. |
Which is TRUE regarding choosing a mate? |
| A. | people who marry are highly similar in age, education, race, religion, and ethnic background. |
| B. | the highest correlation between people who marry involves their temperaments. |
| C. | in the united states kindness and understanding are ranked as being the least important qualities in a mate. |
| D. | men rate physical attractiveness as a less important quality |
| Answer» B. the highest correlation between people who marry involves their temperaments. | |
| 55. |
The study in which college students attached a bumper sticker for a militant black organization to their cars and then received frequent traffic citations demonstrates |
| A. | group prejudice. |
| B. | scapegoating. |
| C. | personal prejudice. |
| D. | discrimination. |
| Answer» A. group prejudice. | |
| 56. |
When we perform well, we typically attribute our success to __________. |
| A. | internal characteristics |
| B. | our group of colleagues |
| C. | external circumstances |
| D. | our personality type |
| Answer» D. our personality type | |
| 57. |
Which is true of social stereotypes? |
| A. | they are always negative. |
| B. | they tend to be rational. |
| C. | likable members of a rejected group are perceived as an "exception." |
| D. | university students show more evidence of ethnic stereotyping now than they did in the past. |
| Answer» A. they are always negative. | |
| 58. |
A __________ group is a group based on social comparison. |
| A. | focus |
| B. | personal identification |
| C. | reference |
| D. | comparison |
| Answer» C. reference | |
| 59. |
The degree of attraction among group members relates to the dimension of |
| A. | compatibility. |
| B. | structure. |
| C. | cohesiveness. |
| D. | conformity. |
| Answer» C. cohesiveness. | |
| 60. |
According to the theory of cognitive dissonance, attitudes are changed because |
| A. | emotionally persuasive arguments unfreeze beliefs. |
| B. | logical arguments alter the belief component of an attitude. |
| C. | clashing thoughts cause discomfort. |
| D. | acting contrary to one\s beliefs for a large reward causes dissonance. |
| Answer» C. clashing thoughts cause discomfort. | |
| 61. |
An example of a superordinate goal is |
| A. | getting good grades. |
| B. | making money. |
| C. | making friends. |
| D. | protecting clean water supplies. |
| Answer» C. making friends. | |
| 62. |
You are walking into a store when a man rudely cuts in front of you, almost shoving you, so that he may enter the store first. "What a jerk!" you think to yourself. As you enter the store, you see the same man performing an emergency tracheotomy on a women with a collapsed windpipe. You have just |
| A. | discounted a person\s actions due to situational demands. |
| B. | self-handicapped. |
| C. | overemphasized the object in this action sequence. |
| D. | made the fundamental attribution error. |
| Answer» D. made the fundamental attribution error. | |
| 63. |
According to evolutionary psychologists, |
| A. | women tend to be concerned with whether mates will devote time and resources to a relationship. |
| B. | men place less emphasis on physical attractiveness. |
| C. | women place more emphasis on sexual fidelity. |
| D. | men are biologically driven to have multiple partners. |
| Answer» D. men are biologically driven to have multiple partners. | |
| 64. |
In North America, male friendships are __________ based and female friendships are __________ . |
| A. | activity; based on sharing feelings. |
| B. | attraction; based on activity |
| C. | feeling; based on activity |
| D. | activity; based on attraction |
| Answer» A. activity; based on sharing feelings. | |
| 65. |
Which statement about physical attractiveness is FALSE? |
| A. | beauty is a factor mainly in initial acquaintances. |
| B. | looks are less related to dating frequency for men than for women. |
| C. | for men, there is little relationship between attractiveness and the achievement of status. |
| D. | for marriage partners there is a tendency for attractive men |
| Answer» A. beauty is a factor mainly in initial acquaintances. | |
| 66. |
Moderate self-disclosure typically leads to |
| A. | competence matching. |
| B. | rejection. |
| C. | romantic attraction. |
| D. | reciprocity. |
| Answer» D. reciprocity. | |
| 67. |
Aggression is best defined as |
| A. | hostility. |
| B. | anger. |
| C. | any action carried out with the intent of harming another person. |
| D. | none of these |
| Answer» D. none of these | |
| 68. |
The __________ hypothesis states that frustration tends to lead to aggression. |
| A. | frustration-aggression |
| B. | biological instinct |
| C. | social learning |
| D. | cognitive dissonance |
| Answer» B. biological instinct | |
| 69. |
Arabs are typically depicted in the media as oil-rich but ignorant and savage. In a time of war with an Arab country, this image would be used |
| A. | to make it easier for soldiers to kill the enemy. |
| B. | to educate the population regarding the enemy. |
| C. | to strip away the emotional insulation of our soldiers. |
| D. | very little, since previous attempts at dehumanizing (during w.w.ii, for example) were ineffective. |
| Answer» A. to make it easier for soldiers to kill the enemy. | |
| 70. |
A compulsion by decision makers to maintain each other's approval, even at the cost of critical thinking and good judgment, is called |
| A. | the halo effect. |
| B. | expert power. |
| C. | groupthink. |
| D. | social conformity. |
| Answer» A. the halo effect. | |
| 71. |
For most American adults, an invisible spatial envelope defining their most intimate space |
| A. | extends four feet from their body. |
| B. | extends an "arm\s reach" from their body. |
| C. | is reserved for comfortable interactions with friends. |
| D. | extends about 18 inches out from their body. |
| Answer» C. is reserved for comfortable interactions with friends. | |
| 72. |
Prejudice based on displaced aggression represents a form of |
| A. | projection. |
| B. | discrimination. |
| C. | scapegoating. |
| D. | authoritarianism. |
| Answer» D. authoritarianism. | |
| 73. |
Social position in a group determines one's |
| A. | competence. |
| B. | autokinetic norms. |
| C. | role. |
| D. | usefulness. |
| Answer» C. role. | |
| 74. |
With regard to the effects of TV on children, we can conclude that |
| A. | tv has little effect on the behavior of children. |
| B. | tv only increases aggressive behavior in children. |
| C. | tv only increases prosocial behavior in children. |
| D. | the amount of tv viewing may be related to aggressive behavior later in life. |
| Answer» C. tv only increases prosocial behavior in children. | |
| 75. |
If everyone leaves five minutes before the game is over to avoid a traffic jam, the resulting traffic jam would be an example of |
| A. | social impregnation. |
| B. | a social trap. |
| C. | groupthink. |
| D. | self-handicapping. |
| Answer» D. self-handicapping. | |
| 76. |
A student who is unprepared for a final exam complains that he has a stomach ache and cannot take the exam. If the student's roommate ignores this complaint, he or she has probably attributed the student's symptoms to the |
| A. | object. |
| B. | actor. |
| C. | situation. |
| D. | need for affiliation. |
| Answer» B. actor. | |
| 77. |
Physical proximity increases attraction because it |
| A. | increases frequency of contact. |
| B. | enhances social comparisons. |
| C. | establishes common norms. |
| D. | reduces development of incompatible roles. |
| Answer» C. establishes common norms. | |
| 78. |
The real danger of "groupthink" is that it |
| A. | is contagious. |
| B. | occurs in cohesive groups. |
| C. | disrupts coordinated efforts at group problem solving. |
| D. | leads to a suspension of critical thinking. |
| Answer» A. is contagious. | |
| 79. |
The organization of roles, patterns of communication, and power in a group defines the group's |
| A. | status. |
| B. | structure. |
| C. | cohesiveness. |
| D. | norms. |
| Answer» D. norms. | |
| 80. |
Those roles which one attains voluntarily are called |
| A. | ascribed roles. |
| B. | achieved roles. |
| C. | positions. |
| D. | social selves. |
| Answer» B. achieved roles. | |
| 81. |
A learned disposition to respond to people, objects, or institutions in a positive or negative way defines |
| A. | cognitive dissonance. |
| B. | socialization. |
| C. | attitudes. |
| D. | stereotypes. |
| Answer» B. socialization. | |
| 82. |
In general, helping behavior in emergency situations is discouraged by |
| A. | the presence of a large number of persons. |
| B. | low costs associated with helping. |
| C. | smaller social distance between the helper and the victim. |
| D. | fear of cognitive dissonance. |
| Answer» C. smaller social distance between the helper and the victim. | |
| 83. |
Frustration probably encourages aggression because it |
| A. | triggers genetic mechanisms. |
| B. | raises arousal levels and sensitivity to cues for aggression. |
| C. | triggers biological cues for aggression. |
| D. | relieves tension. |
| Answer» A. triggers genetic mechanisms. | |
| 84. |
Negative attitudes that are tinged with fear, hatred, or suspicion is a definition of |
| A. | prejudice. |
| B. | authoritarianism. |
| C. | discrimination. |
| D. | displaced aggression. |
| Answer» D. displaced aggression. | |
| 85. |
During his rise to power, Hitler blamed the Jews for Germany's economic woes. This is an example of |
| A. | personal discrimination. |
| B. | social stereotypes. |
| C. | symbolic prejudice. |
| D. | scapegoating. |
| Answer» D. scapegoating. | |
| 86. |
When you have "clashing thoughts," you are experiencing |
| A. | conformity pressure. |
| B. | obedience pressure. |
| C. | cognitive dissonance. |
| D. | open-ended role conflict. |
| Answer» D. open-ended role conflict. | |
| 87. |
Interpersonal attraction is encouraged by which one of the following? |
| A. | personal space |
| B. | proxemics |
| C. | competition |
| D. | similarity |
| Answer» C. competition | |
| 88. |
Desensitization is |
| A. | the imitation of an undesired response. |
| B. | the removal of an inhibition. |
| C. | reduction of emotional sensitivity. |
| D. | an increase in emotional sympathy. |
| Answer» D. an increase in emotional sympathy. | |
| 89. |
People's attitudes about women and rape primarily come from |
| A. | sexual images in x-rated books. |
| B. | sexual images in x-rated movies. |
| C. | violent images in mainstream movies and magazines. |
| D. | sexual images in mainstream movies and magazines. |
| Answer» C. violent images in mainstream movies and magazines. | |
| 90. |
The judge who is caught cheating on his income tax is likely experiencing |
| A. | role diffusion. |
| B. | attribution failure. |
| C. | role conflict. |
| D. | attribution error. |
| Answer» C. role conflict. | |
| 91. |
Alcohol |
| A. | is a direct cause of aggression. |
| B. | lowers the threshold for aggression. |
| C. | causes relaxation and raises the threshold for aggression. |
| D. | induces hypoglycemia and frustration. |
| Answer» C. causes relaxation and raises the threshold for aggression. | |
| 92. |
Cognitive dissonance theory is based on the human need for |
| A. | self-actualization. |
| B. | gain-loss. |
| C. | cognitive dissonance. |
| D. | consistency. |
| Answer» B. gain-loss. | |
| 93. |
Discrimination refers to behaviors that |
| A. | allow us to tell one ethnic group from another. |
| B. | occur when members of a racial group threaten an individual\s security. |
| C. | prevent individuals from doing things they should be able to do. |
| D. | are directed toward a particular group. |
| Answer» D. are directed toward a particular group. | |
| 94. |
In an experiment in which a "student" simulated a seizure, helping was inhibited by |
| A. | conditions employing smaller groups. |
| B. | diffusion of responsibility. |
| C. | group discussion. |
| D. | reference cognitive dissonance. |
| Answer» C. group discussion. | |
| 95. |
Sharing your own private thoughts and feelings is called |
| A. | self-talk. |
| B. | autonomy. |
| C. | self-disclosure. |
| D. | introspection. |
| Answer» B. autonomy. | |
| 96. |
When making the "attribution error," we tend to overestimate the importance of __________ in judging the behavior of others. |
| A. | personal factors |
| B. | situational factors |
| C. | intelligence |
| D. | motivation |
| Answer» C. intelligence | |
| 97. |
People who think their ethnic, national, or religious group is superior to others are called |
| A. | authoritarian. |
| B. | dogmatic. |
| C. | ethnocentric. |
| D. | rigid. |
| Answer» A. authoritarian. | |
| 98. |
Expected behavior patterns associated with particular social positions are called |
| A. | roles. |
| B. | culture. |
| C. | stereotypes. |
| D. | mannerisms. |
| Answer» A. roles. | |
| 99. |
The demonstration by Jane Elliot with blue-eyed and browneyed children suggests that an effective way to generate conditions of prejudice is to |
| A. | require persons to compete for scarce resources. |
| B. | physically isolate two groups from each other. |
| C. | produce inequalities in power, prestige, or privileges of group members. |
| D. | demand that members of two groups cooperate to achieve a common goal. |
| Answer» C. produce inequalities in power, prestige, or privileges of group members. | |
| 100. |
Comparing yourself with a person who ranks lower than you is referred to as |
| A. | social comparison. |
| B. | downward comparison. |
| C. | upward comparison. |
| D. | physical proximity. |
| Answer» B. downward comparison. | |
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