Independent firms at different channel levels integrate their programs on a contractual basis to achieve systemic economies and increased market impact are known as……….

Related MCQs

• With respect to a channel of distribution, the number of intermediary levels within the channel indicates the ____________ of a channel.
• When channel members assume responsibility for one or more of the marketing flows over at least two separate levels of distribution manufacturing and wholesaling, in fact, such systems are synonymous with both forward and backward vertical integration is known as…………
• These objectives are often the most suitable when firms operate in a market dominated by a major competitor and where their financial resources are limited
• When organization in the same level of a channel work on a co‐operative basis , it is known as ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐
•   is a marketing channel that has no intermediary levels.
• -------- channel is one in which two or companies join together to exploit a marketing opportunity either by themselves or by creating an independent unit
• In which stage of new product development process, the product and marketing programs are tested in realistic market settings?
• What would be the assumed percentage of newly launched product, will sure fail and cannot achieve their potential to survive?
• Through their contacts, experience, specialization, and scale of operation, ______________ usually offer the firm more than it can achieve on its own.
• Market –oriented firms focus on: