McqMate
These multiple-choice questions (MCQs) are designed to enhance your knowledge and understanding in the following areas: Bachelor of Science in Counselling Psychology (BSc Counselling Psychology) .
| 51. |
Who said “An objective psychologist would be restricted to observing overt responses”: ____________ |
| A. | wundt |
| B. | kohler |
| C. | titchener |
| D. | watson |
| Answer» B. kohler | |
| 52. |
The principle of stereoscopic vision is based on _________________ |
| A. | accommodation |
| B. | convergence |
| C. | retinal image |
| D. | retinal disparity |
| Answer» D. retinal disparity | |
| 53. |
The school of thought founded by Watson became known as ___________________ |
| A. | functionalism |
| B. | behaviorism |
| C. | structuralism |
| D. | humanism |
| Answer» B. behaviorism | |
| 54. |
Interpreting sensory information as meaningful pattern can be defined as_________________ |
| A. | closure |
| B. | sensation |
| C. | gestalt psychology |
| D. | perception |
| Answer» D. perception | |
| 55. |
When a dog learns to salivate only to a bell and not to a buzzer, the process that has taken place is called ______________ |
| A. | extinction |
| B. | conditioning |
| C. | discrimination |
| D. | generalization |
| Answer» C. discrimination | |
| 56. |
The process by which an organism learn to make a particular response to a specific stimulus and to no other stimulus is____________________ |
| A. | stimulus generalization |
| B. | response discrimination |
| C. | stimulus discrimination |
| D. | response generalization |
| Answer» C. stimulus discrimination | |
| 57. |
French philosopher ____________________ proposed that the mind and body are separate entities. |
| A. | rene’ descartes |
| B. | aristotle |
| C. | william james |
| D. | wundt |
| Answer» A. rene’ descartes | |
| 58. |
_______________ is a branch of biology that studies the functions and parts of living organisms, including humans. |
| A. | physiology |
| B. | neurology |
| C. | psychiatry |
| D. | neuroscience |
| Answer» A. physiology | |
| 59. |
The first working research laboratory in psychology was established at the University of Leipzig in __________ year. |
| A. | 1879 |
| B. | 1869 |
| C. | 1989 |
| D. | 1889 |
| Answer» A. 1879 | |
| 60. |
Wundt’s student _________________ established structuralism, the first major school in psychology. |
| A. | wundt |
| B. | kohler |
| C. | titchener |
| D. | watson |
| Answer» C. titchener | |
| 61. |
______________ could not be used to study children or animals. |
| A. | observation |
| B. | experimental method |
| C. | introspection |
| D. | case study |
| Answer» C. introspection | |
| 62. |
________________ influenced the beginning of the functionalist school of psychology. |
| A. | rene’ descartes |
| B. | edward titchener |
| C. | william james |
| D. | wundt |
| Answer» C. william james | |
| 63. |
The common goal of functionalism and structuralism is an emphasis on the study of _______________. |
| A. | conscious experiences |
| B. | unconscious experiences |
| C. | sub-conscious experiences |
| D. | mental disorders |
| Answer» A. conscious experiences | |
| 64. |
__________________ was an American Psychologist who established the first psychology research laboratory in the United States and founded the American Psychological Association. |
| A. | g. stanley hall |
| B. | edward titchener |
| C. | william james |
| D. | wilhelm wundt |
| Answer» A. g. stanley hall | |
| 65. |
___________________ focus was on the scientific study of observable behavior that could be objectively measured and verified. |
| A. | psychoanalysis’s |
| B. | structuralism’s |
| C. | functionalism’s |
| D. | behaviorism’s |
| Answer» D. behaviorism’s | |
| 66. |
________________ grew out of the pioneering work of Russian physiologist Ivan Pavlov. |
| A. | behaviorism |
| B. | structuralism |
| C. | functionalism |
| D. | gestalt psychology |
| Answer» A. behaviorism | |
| 67. |
The Austrian physician who emphasized unconscious processes rather than overt observable behavior was ________________. |
| A. | sigmund freud |
| B. | edward titchener |
| C. | william james |
| D. | wilhelm wundt |
| Answer» A. sigmund freud | |
| 68. |
The school of psychology that emphasizes conscious experiences, including each person’s unique potential for psychological growth and self-direction, is __________________ psychology. |
| A. | behaviorism |
| B. | structuralism |
| C. | humanistic |
| D. | gestalt psychology |
| Answer» C. humanistic | |
| 69. |
The person credited with founding humanistic psychology is __________________. |
| A. | sigmund freud |
| B. | edward titchener |
| C. | william james |
| D. | carl rogers |
| Answer» D. carl rogers | |
| 70. |
Another humanistic psychologist who developed a theory of motivation that emphasizes personal growth was _______________. |
| A. | max wertheimer |
| B. | edward titchener |
| C. | abraham maslow |
| D. | carl rogers |
| Answer» C. abraham maslow | |
| 71. |
The founder of Gestalt psychology was _________________. |
| A. | max wertheimer |
| B. | edward titchener |
| C. | abraham maslow |
| D. | carl rogers |
| Answer» A. max wertheimer | |
| 72. |
Psychologists who study the diversity of human behavior in different cultural settings and countries are called _______________ psychologists. |
| A. | cultural |
| B. | cross-cultural |
| C. | ethnic |
| D. | cognitive |
| Answer» B. cross-cultural | |
| 73. |
One important factor in the cognitive revolution was the development of the first ____________, which gave psychologists a model for human mental processes. |
| A. | laboratory |
| B. | computers |
| C. | mental activity |
| D. | psychological perspective |
| Answer» B. computers | |
| 74. |
___________________ is a specialty area that helps develop the instructional methods and materials used to train people in both educational and work settings and studies how people of all ages learn. |
| A. | school psychology |
| B. | educational psychology |
| C. | industrial psychology |
| D. | developmental psychology |
| Answer» B. educational psychology | |
| 75. |
_______________ is a point of view or general framework that reflects the emphasis a psychologist may take in investigating psychological topics. |
| A. | theory |
| B. | statement |
| C. | perspective |
| D. | analysis |
| Answer» C. perspective | |
| 76. |
______________ focuses on designing programs that promote the intellectual, social, and emotional development of children, including those with special needs. |
| A. | school psychology |
| B. | educational psychology |
| C. | personality psychology |
| D. | developmental psychology |
| Answer» A. school psychology | |
| 77. |
Once a researcher has identified a question or issue to be investigated, it must be posed in the form of a _____________ that can be tested empirically. |
| A. | problem |
| B. | methodology |
| C. | theory |
| D. | hypothesis |
| Answer» D. hypothesis | |
| 78. |
Naturalistic observation, surveys, case studies, and correlational studies are commonly used ______________ methods. |
| A. | descriptive |
| B. | experimental |
| C. | operational |
| D. | quantitative |
| Answer» A. descriptive | |
| 79. |
A tentative explanation that tries to account for the diverse findings on the same topic is called a ______________ or a model. |
| A. | problem |
| B. | method |
| C. | theory |
| D. | hypothesis |
| Answer» C. theory | |
| 80. |
Factors that can change or vary and are capable of being observed, measured, and verified are called ____________. |
| A. | statistics |
| B. | variables |
| C. | theory |
| D. | hypothesis |
| Answer» B. variables | |
| 81. |
_________________ is a statistical technique that involves combining and analyzing the results of many research studies on a specific topic in order to identify overall trends. |
| A. | correlation |
| B. | regression |
| C. | meta-analysis |
| D. | content-analysis |
| Answer» C. meta-analysis | |
| 82. |
Even experiments conducted in natural settings have disadvantages, such as a ___________ in experimental control. |
| A. | increase |
| B. | decrease |
| C. | difference |
| D. | varying |
| Answer» B. decrease | |
| 83. |
_________________ is an experimental technique in which the researchers, but not the subjects, are aware of the critical information about the experiment. |
| A. | single-blind |
| B. | double-blind |
| C. | ethnography |
| D. | field study |
| Answer» A. single-blind | |
| 84. |
The ________________ variable in an experiment is purposely manipulated in order to effect a change in other variable. |
| A. | dependent |
| B. | independent |
| C. | extraneous |
| D. | control |
| Answer» B. independent | |
| 85. |
_____________ is an intensive, in-depth investigation of an individual and can involve compiling data from a wide variety of different sources. |
| A. | observation |
| B. | survey |
| C. | case-study |
| D. | questionnaire |
| Answer» C. case-study | |
| 86. |
___________________ is the tendency to use your own culture as the standard for judging other cultures. |
| A. | cross-cultures |
| B. | ethnocentrism |
| C. | culturism |
| D. | pseudo- cultures |
| Answer» B. ethnocentrism | |
| 87. |
________________ involves the presentation or addition of a reinforcing stimulus following an operant. |
| A. | positive reinforcement |
| B. | negative reinforcement |
| C. | continuous reinforcement |
| D. | partial reinforcement |
| Answer» A. positive reinforcement | |
| 88. |
________________ refers to the presentation of an event or stimulus following a behavior that acts to decrease the likelihood of the behavior being repeated. |
| A. | positive reinforcement |
| B. | negative reinforcement |
| C. | punishment |
| D. | partial reinforcement |
| Answer» C. punishment | |
| 89. |
____________________ is the application of learning principles to help people develop more effective or adaptive behaviors. |
| A. | defense mechanism |
| B. | behavior modification |
| C. | positive reinforcement |
| D. | adaptation |
| Answer» B. behavior modification | |
| 90. |
_________________ is the operant conditioning procedure of selectively reinforcing successively closer approximations of a goal behavior until the goal behavior is displayed. |
| A. | modeling |
| B. | shaping |
| C. | sublimation |
| D. | reinforcing |
| Answer» B. shaping | |
| 91. |
_________________ is Skinner’s term for an actively emitted behavior that operates on the environment to produce consequences. |
| A. | classical |
| B. | reinforce |
| C. | operant |
| D. | punishment |
| Answer» C. operant | |
| 92. |
A ________________ reinforcer is a stimulus or event that is naturally or inherently reinforcing for a given species, such as food, water, or other biological necessities. |
| A. | positive |
| B. | negative |
| C. | primary |
| D. | secondary |
| Answer» C. primary | |
| 93. |
___________________ refers to gradual weakening and disappearance of conditioned behavior when it is no longer followed by a reinforcer. |
| A. | extinction |
| B. | negative reinforcement |
| C. | partial reinforcement |
| D. | punishment |
| Answer» A. extinction | |
| 94. |
________________ is the basic learning process that involves changing the probability of a response being repeated by manipulating the consequences of that response. |
| A. | classical conditioning |
| B. | defense mechanism |
| C. | operant conditioning |
| D. | punishment |
| Answer» C. operant conditioning | |
| 95. |
Learning that is not reflected in actual performance is called _______________ learning. |
| A. | cognitive |
| B. | observational |
| C. | latent |
| D. | operant |
| Answer» C. latent | |
| 96. |
___________________ is an American psychologist who experimentally investigated observational learning, emphasizing the role of cognitive factors. |
| A. | ivan pavlov b. |
| B. | f.skinner c. edward . |
| C. | tolman |
| D. | albert bandura |
| Answer» D. albert bandura | |
| 97. |
__________________ is an American psychologist who experimentally demonstrated the involvement of cognitive processes in classical conditioning. |
| A. | robert .a. rescorla b. |
| B. | f.skinner c. edward . |
| C. | tolman |
| D. | albert bandura |
| Answer» A. robert .a. rescorla b. | |
| 98. |
_____________ is the tendency of an animal to revert to its instinctive behaviors that can interfere with the performance of an operantly conditioned response. |
| A. | aversion |
| B. | instinctive drift |
| C. | latent learning |
| D. | law of effect |
| Answer» B. instinctive drift | |
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