McqMate
These multiple-choice questions (MCQs) are designed to enhance your knowledge and understanding in the following areas: Uncategorized topics .
| 201. |
On what factors does the specific gravity of coal depends? |
| A. | its calorific value and ash content |
| B. | its ignition temperature and calorific value |
| C. | type of coal and ash content |
| D. | type of coal and calorific value |
| Answer» C. type of coal and ash content | |
| Explanation: specific gravity is the ratio of the density/mass of a substance to the density/mass of reference substance. the total ash content represents its mass and | |
| 202. |
Which of the coal have the best heating values in terms of volatile matter? |
| A. | containing 20% volatile matter |
| B. | containing 60% volatile matter |
| C. | containing 30% volatile matter |
| D. | containing 50% volatile matter |
| Answer» A. containing 20% volatile matter | |
| Explanation: coals containing high volatile matter produces long and smoky flame due to which its heating value decreases. semi- bituminous coal has the highest heating value due to less volatiles content. | |
| 203. |
Which type of coals have the highest grindability index? |
| A. | steam coals |
| B. | gas coals |
| C. | house coals |
| D. | pulverised coals |
| Answer» D. pulverised coals | |
| Explanation: grindability is the ease with which a coal can be grounded. the grindability index of pulverised coal is about | |
| 204. |
How does the friability of the coal is tested? |
| A. | drop shatter test |
| B. | thermal cracking |
| C. | knocking |
| D. | proximate analysis |
| Answer» A. drop shatter test | |
| Explanation: friability is the tendency of the coal to break into pieces. the more the friability, the less will be the quality of coal. splint and cannel coal are less friable. | |
| 205. |
Which property of coal is tested in Audibert Arnu test? |
| A. | bulk density |
| B. | colour |
| C. | caking and coking |
| D. | texture |
| Answer» C. caking and coking | |
| Explanation: this method uses a dilatometer to find out the swelling properties of coal. | |
| 206. |
On which property of coal does the design of bunkers for the storage of coal depends? |
| A. | specific gravity |
| B. | bulk density |
| C. | grindability |
| D. | friability |
| Answer» B. bulk density | |
| Explanation: bunkers/coal bins are the containers in which the coal can be transported. bulk density is weight of soil present in coal. according to the bulk density | |
| 207. |
Phosphorous and sulphur content in the coal tend to make a metal brittle. |
| A. | true |
| B. | false |
| Answer» A. true | |
| Explanation: a coal should not contain high phosphorous and sulphur content because coal have a role in number of metallurgical operation due to which it affects the properties of metal and makes it brittle. | |
| 208. |
Which of the following is not a characteristic of coal? |
| A. | weathering |
| B. | slaking index |
| C. | moisture content |
| D. | bulk density |
| Answer» C. moisture content | |
| Explanation: moisture content represents the total vapours present inside the coal. moisture develops from the outside atmospheric conditions due to which it is not a characteristic of coal. | |
| 209. |
In determination of carbon and hydrogen by ultimate analysis, increase in weight of calcium chloride bulb represents |
| A. | weight of water formed |
| B. | weight of carbon dioxide formed |
| C. | carbon |
| D. | hydrogen |
| Answer» A. weight of water formed | |
| Explanation: the gaseous products of combustion are passed through two bulbs. one containing weighed amount of anhydrous calcium chloride which absorbs water other containing weighed amount of potassium hydroxide which absorbs carbon dioxide. | |
| 210. |
Hydrogen available for combustion is lesser than the actual one. |
| A. | true |
| B. | false |
| Answer» A. true | |
| Explanation: oxygen is present in combined form with hydrgen in the coal. it is very difficult to break hydrogen-oxygen bond and hence, that combined form of hydrogen is not available for combustion. thus, free hydrogen available for combustion is lesser than the actual one. | |
| 211. |
Good quality of coal should have % of oxygen. |
| A. | low |
| B. | high |
| C. | 100 |
| D. | 0 |
| Answer» A. low | |
| Explanation: good quality of coal should have less % of oxygen because increase in 1% oxygen content decreases calorific value approximately by 1.7%. ideal fuel should have high calorific value and hence, less | |
| 212. |
Percentage of ash by analysis of coal is given by |
| A. | (weight of residue/weight of sample) × 100 |
| B. | (weight of sample – weight of residue) × 100 |
| C. | (weight of sample – weight of residue)/weight of sample × 100 |
| D. | (weight of residue – weight of sample) × 100 |
| Answer» A. (weight of residue/weight of sample) × 100 | |
| Explanation: ash is weight of residue obtained after complete combustion of 1 g of coal at 700‐750°c. ash in % is given by, %a | |
| 213. |
In coal, Sulphur is usually present in the extent of |
| A. | 0.5-3% |
| B. | 90-95% |
| C. | 70-75% |
| D. | 80-85% |
| Answer» A. 0.5-3% | |
| Explanation: sulphur is generally present in the extent of 0.5 to 3% and is usually derived from ores like gypsum, iron pyrites, etc. high percentage of sulphur in coal is undesirable to be used for making coke in the iron industry since it affects the quality and properties of steel. | |
| 214. |
In ultimate analysis, %hydrogen is given by |
| A. | (increase in weight of cacl2 tube×2×100 / weight of coal sample taken×18) |
| B. | (increase in weight of koh tube×2×100 / weight of coal sample taken×18) |
| C. | (increase in weight of cacl2 tube×4×100 / weight of coal sample taken×18) |
| D. | (increase in weight of koh tube×4×100 / weight of coal sample taken×18) |
| Answer» A. (increase in weight of cacl2 tube×2×100 / weight of coal sample taken×18) | |
| Explanation: %hydrogen= (weight of hydrogen/weight of coal sample taken) × 100 in ultimate analysis of coal, | |
| 215. |
is the weight of residue obtained after burning a weighed amount of dry coal. |
| A. | ash |
| B. | volatile matter |
| C. | moisture |
| D. | carbon |
| Answer» A. ash | |
| Explanation: ash is an unwanted matter and non-combustible which is the residue left after all combustible substances are burnt off. | |
| 216. |
In proximate analysis of coal, %fixed carbon = |
| A. | 100 – % (ash + volatile matter + moisture) |
| B. | 100 – % (ash + moisture) |
| C. | 100 – % (ash + moisture) + %volatile matter |
| D. | 100 – % (moisture + volatile matter) |
| Answer» A. 100 – % (ash + volatile matter + moisture) | |
| Explanation: in proximate analysis of coal, firstly percentage of ash, volatile matter and moisture is found out. percentage of fixed carbon can be found out by subtracting the above percentages from 100 since coal consists of ash, moisture, volatile matter and fixed carbon. | |
| 217. |
What is the primary component of crude oil? |
| A. | sulfur |
| B. | carbon |
| C. | hydrogen |
| D. | nitrogen |
| Answer» B. carbon | |
| Explanation: crude oil is greenish brown and viscous oil found on the earth’s surface. it is primarily composed of hydrocarbons (79.5- 87.1%) followed by hydrogen (11.5-14.8%), sulfur (0.1-3.5%), and nitrogen and oxygen (0.1-0.5%). | |
| 218. |
How is crude oil separated? |
| A. | crystallization |
| B. | fractional distillation |
| C. | decantation |
| D. | sublimation |
| Answer» B. fractional distillation | |
| Explanation: crude oil is usually suspended on a layer of brine with a deposit of gas over it. this form is usually not preferred for any | |
| 219. |
What type of gas is LPG? |
| A. | gasoline |
| B. | kerosene |
| C. | uncondensed |
| D. | heavy oil |
| Answer» C. uncondensed | |
| Explanation: crude oil separated by fractional distillation is made into a number of products such as uncondensed gas. this gas is used for domestic and industrial applications by the name liquefied petroleum gas (lpg). | |
| 220. |
Which fuel/oil is used for obtaining gasoline? |
| A. | kerosene |
| B. | diesel |
| C. | heavy |
| D. | naphtha |
| Answer» C. heavy | |
| Explanation: heavy oil is a crude oil product used for acquiring gasoline by cracking process. it has a boiling temperature range of 250-320oc. this gasoline, in turn, is used for motor fuel. | |
| 221. |
Which of the following is not used as a lubricant? |
| A. | lubricating oil |
| B. | grease |
| C. | asphalt |
| D. | petroleum jelly |
| Answer» C. asphalt | |
| Explanation: lubricating oils and grease are primarily used as lubricating agents, while petroleum jelly is used for lubrication as well as in cosmetics and medicines. asphalt is a residue type product used for waterproofing of roofs and to make roads. | |
| 222. |
What is the function of petroleum coke? |
| A. | lubrication |
| B. | in candles |
| C. | as fuel |
| D. | as solvent |
| Answer» C. as fuel | |
| Explanation: petroleum coke is a carbon-rich group of products used as fuel. petcoke is one such type of the product, which is derived from cracking process. raw coke is referred to as green coke. | |
| 223. |
Carbon black and hydrogen can be manufactured using |
| A. | natural gas |
| B. | coal gas |
| C. | oil gas |
| D. | water gas |
| Answer» A. natural gas | |
| Explanation: natural gas is obtained from wells in oil-rich regions. it acts as a domestic fuel and is also used to manufacture carbon black and hydrogen. carbon black is used as a filler for rubber, whereas hydrogen is used in ammonia synthesis. | |
| 224. |
Coal gas is attained from to a process carried out at |
| A. | 300oc |
| B. | 700oc |
| C. | 900oc |
| D. | 1300oc |
| Answer» D. 1300oc | |
| Explanation: coal gas is produced by heating the coal at 1300oc when there is a lack of air. it is usually done in coke ovens or gas making retorts. this gas is colorless and is lighter than air. | |
| 225. |
Oil gas is obtaining by the cracking of |
| A. | kerosene oil |
| B. | diesel oil |
| C. | heavy oil |
| D. | gasoline |
| Answer» A. kerosene oil | |
| Explanation: creating oil gas is a permanent process. this is done by breaking of complex hydrocarbons of kerosene into simpler forms. this process is known as cracking. oil finds its application as a laboratory gas. | |
| 226. |
Which of these gases is used for heating open-hearth furnaces? |
| A. | oil gas |
| B. | producer gas |
| C. | biogas |
| D. | water gas |
| Answer» B. producer gas | |
| Explanation: producer gas is known as a combination of combustible gases, carbon monoxide, and hydrogen. this gas finds its application in the heating of open-hearth furnaces, muffle furnaces, and retorts used in the production of coke. also, it can be used as a reducing means in metallurgical practices. | |
| 227. |
How is biogas prepared? |
| A. | decantation |
| B. | filtration |
| C. | fermentation |
| D. | sublimation |
| Answer» C. fermentation | |
| Explanation: biogas is a cheap and convenient fuel used for cooking and for lighting. it is prepared by the anaerobic fermentation of cattle dung. | |
| 228. |
Which type of coal is used in Bergius process? |
| A. | anthracite coal |
| B. | steam coal |
| C. | pulverised coal |
| D. | gas coal |
| Answer» D. gas coal | |
| Explanation: bergius process is used to produce synthetic gasoline form low ash pulverised coal. this coal is finely divided into powder and is converted into a paste. | |
| 229. |
Which substance is mixed with the pulverised coal in the Bergius process? |
| A. | sulphuric acid |
| B. | heavy oil and catalyst |
| C. | heavy oil |
| D. | catalyst |
| Answer» B. heavy oil and catalyst | |
| Explanation: the paste of pulverised coal is mixed with a heavy oil and a catalyst. nickel oleate is used as a catalyst in this process. | |
| 230. |
At what temperature does the Bergius process is carried out? |
| A. | 200-300 0c |
| B. | 700-800 0c |
| C. | 350-500 0c |
| D. | 0-150 0c |
| Answer» C. 350-500 0c | |
| Explanation: the temperature of converter is set to about 350-500 0c and a pressure of about 200-250 atmospheres where the paste of coal meets hydrogen. the fischer-tropsch process is carried out at 200-300 0c. | |
| 231. |
Which product is obtained from the converter in the Bergius process? |
| A. | hydrocarbons |
| B. | olefins |
| C. | fuel oil |
| D. | gasoline |
| Answer» A. hydrocarbons | |
| Explanation: the combination of hydrogen with the carbon framework of the coal yields various hydrocarbons from wax to gases. the high molecular weight hydrocarbons are decomposed further at the high temperature prevailing in the converter giving lower hydrocarbons. | |
| 232. |
Same catalyst is used for production of oil in the Bergius process as used in the production of hydrocarbons. |
| A. | true |
| B. | false |
| Answer» B. false | |
| Explanation: for production of gasoline, oils produced in the first stage of the process are subjected to further hydrogenation in the presence of different catalyst. nickel oleate is not used for this process. | |
| 233. |
Which compounds are rich in gasoline obtained from the Bergius process? |
| A. | tetraethyl lead |
| B. | ethanol |
| C. | olefins |
| D. | aromatic compounds |
| Answer» D. aromatic compounds | |
| Explanation: the gasoline obtained from the bergius process is rich in aromatic and branched-chain hydrocarbons. tetraethyl lead is an anti-knocking agent which is used for increasing the octane number. | |
| 234. |
What happens to the middle oil fraction in the Bergius process? |
| A. | the oil is converted into olefins |
| B. | the oil is converter into paraffin |
| C. | the oil is converted into gasoline |
| D. | the oil is converted into hydrocarbons |
| Answer» C. the oil is converted into gasoline | |
| Explanation: the middle oil fraction is subjected to hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst to produce gasoline. same process is carried out in the top fraction of the reactor. the heavy oil fraction is recycled to make a paste with a fresh batch of coal powder. | |
| 235. |
Which undesirable compound is present in gasoline? |
| A. | sulphur compounds |
| B. | phosphorous compounds |
| C. | chloride compounds |
| D. | magnesium compounds |
| Answer» A. sulphur compounds | |
| Explanation: the gasoline obtained by any process contains some sulphur compounds and unsaturated hydrocarbons, which get oxidized and polymerised to gums and sludge’s. hence it has to be refined by chemical processes. | |
| 236. |
How much percentile of sulphuric acid is treated with gasoline for the removal of its impurities? |
| A. | 99 % |
| B. | 60 % |
| C. | 80 % |
| D. | 40 % |
| Answer» C. 80 % | |
| Explanation: the impure gasoline is treated with cold 80 % sulphuric acid. this does not react with paraffin, naphthenes and aromatic compounds. it reacts with unsaturated hydrocarbons to produce alcohols and ethers. | |
| 237. |
Removal of gaseous impurities like methane, ethane, propane and butane from gasoline is called as |
| A. | stabilization of gasoline |
| B. | sweetening of gasoline |
| C. | doping of gasoline |
| D. | blending of gasoline |
| Answer» A. stabilization of gasoline | |
| Explanation: the stabilization of gasoline is achieved by passing the impure gasoline into a fractionating tower having 49 plates. the lower plates are heated by steam, while the gasoline is introduced near the upper plates. | |
| 238. |
Which of the following compound readily goes under the process of knocking? |
| A. | 2-ethly butane |
| B. | n-heptane |
| C. | benzene |
| D. | toluene |
| Answer» B. n-heptane | |
| Explanation: n-heptane is a straight chain hydrocarbon which knocks readily and hence its octane number is zero. presence of straight chain hydrocarbon in gasoline reduces its rate of combustion. | |
| 239. |
Which of the following compound is considered for calculating the cetane number? |
| A. | α-methyl naphthalene |
| B. | n-hexane |
| C. | iso-octane |
| D. | cetane molecule |
| Answer» D. cetane molecule | |
| Explanation: cetane, c16h34, is a saturated hydrocarbon that has a very short ignition lag as compared to any commercial diesel fuel. | |
| 240. |
What should be the cetane number of middle speed diesel engine? |
| A. | at least 35 |
| B. | at least 25 |
| C. | at least 65 |
| D. | at least 45 |
| Answer» A. at least 35 | |
| Explanation: the cetane number of high speed diesel engine should be at least 45, that of middle speed diesel engine should be at least 35 and that of low speed diesel engine should be at least 25. | |
| 241. |
The knocking characteristic of gasoline fuel are expressed in terms of cetane number. |
| A. | true |
| B. | false |
| Answer» B. false | |
| Explanation: the knocking characteristics of diesel fuel are expressed in terms of cetane number and that of gasoline fuel is expressed in terms of octane number. the molecule with the highest octane number has a least cetane number. | |
| 242. |
Which of the following substance is used to decrease knocking in diesel fuel? |
| A. | tetra ethyl lead |
| B. | benzene |
| C. | sodium hydroxide |
| D. | acetone peroxide |
| Answer» D. acetone peroxide | |
| Explanation: the knocking in diesel fuel can be reduced by adding substances like ethyl nitrite, ethyl nitrate, isoamyl nitrate etc. this process also increases the cetane number of diesel fuel. | |
| 243. |
Which of the following is used to reduce the surface tension in diesel fuel? |
| A. | chemical additives |
| B. | inhibitors |
| C. | poly hydrocarbon |
| D. | dopes |
| Answer» A. chemical additives | |
| Explanation: chemical additives are used to reduce surface tension thus promoting the formation of finer spray. inhibitors are used to delay or prevent gum formation. poly hydrocarbons are used to preserve the fluid properties. | |
| 244. |
By which process does the knocking starts in diesel engine? |
| A. | due to sudden spontaneous combustion of last portion of fuel |
| B. | due to delay in spontaneous combustion of last portion of fuel |
| C. | due to the rise in temperature of diesel engine |
| D. | due to the parts of diesel engine |
| Answer» B. due to delay in spontaneous combustion of last portion of fuel | |
| Explanation: due to the presence of impurities in diesel, its spontaneous combustion of the last portion of fuel takes some time. due to this their produces an uneven sound in the engine which is called knocking. | |
| 245. |
Which of the following exhaust gas produces least harmless components after its combustion? |
| A. | carbon monoxide |
| B. | ethyne |
| C. | nox |
| D. | n2 |
| Answer» D. n2 | |
| Explanation: gases produced by the compression ignition engines are said to be exhaust gases. this engines operate with air- fuel ratios of 14:1 on load and 70:1 on idling. | |
| 246. |
Which of the following has the highest cetane number? |
| A. | n-heptane |
| B. | n-hexane |
| C. | n-pentane |
| D. | n-butane |
| Answer» A. n-heptane | |
| Explanation: n-heptane has maximum branched atom due to which it has the highest cetane number of all. this fuel is good for diesel engines. | |
| 247. |
Choose the correct statement, detonation can be controlled by |
| A. | varying compression ratio |
| B. | using lean mixture |
| C. | retarding the spark timing |
| D. | reducing the r.p.m |
| Answer» C. retarding the spark timing | |
| Explanation: detonation can be controlled by retarding the spark timing. | |
| 248. |
The ash content in diesel oil should be not be more than |
| A. | 1% |
| B. | 5% |
| C. | 0.1% |
| D. | 0.01% |
| Answer» D. 0.01% | |
| Explanation: the ash content in diesel oil should be not be more than 0.01% while sulphur content in diesel engine oil should not be more than 1%. | |
| 249. |
Which of the following is a disadvantage of gaseous fuel? |
| A. | gaseous fuels are very difficult to operate |
| B. | gaseous fuels are highly inflammable |
| C. | gaseous fuels cannot be ignited instantly |
| D. | they produce lot of smoke on combustion |
| Answer» B. gaseous fuels are highly inflammable | |
| Explanation: the particles in gaseous fuels are separated from each other, due to which their combustion becomes very easy. this increases the inflammability of the gaseous fuel. special care should be taken to avoid fire hazards. | |
| 250. |
Which of the following is a primary gaseous fuel? |
| A. | water gas |
| B. | oil gas |
| C. | refinery gas |
| D. | liquefied petroleum gas |
| Answer» D. liquefied petroleum gas | |
| Explanation: primary gaseous fuel are those, which are already present in nature and secondary gaseous fuels are those which are obtained from primary gaseous fuels. natural gas is also a primary gaseous fuel. | |
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