McqMate
These multiple-choice questions (MCQs) are designed to enhance your knowledge and understanding in the following areas: Uncategorized topics .
| 301. |
Auto-ignition temperature is |
| A. | maximum temperature to which oil is heated in order to give off inflammable vapour in sufficient quantity to ignite momentarily when bought in contact with a flame |
| B. | that at which it catches fire without external aid |
| C. | indicated by 90% distillation temperature |
| D. | none of the mentioned |
| Answer» B. that at which it catches fire without external aid | |
| Explanation: auto-ignition temperature is defined as that temperature at which it catches fire without external aid while volatility of diesel fuel is indicated by 90% distillation temperature. | |
| 302. |
Ignition lag is |
| A. | the time taken by fuel after injection to reach upto auto-ignition temperature |
| B. | time before actual fuel injection and the pump plinger starts to pump fuel |
| C. | time corresponding to actual injection and top dead center |
| D. | none of the mentioned |
| Answer» A. the time taken by fuel after injection to reach upto auto-ignition temperature | |
| Explanation: none. | |
| 303. |
Ignition quality of diesel fuel oil is expressed by an index called |
| A. | octane number |
| B. | cetane number |
| C. | calorific value |
| D. | none of the mentioned |
| Answer» B. cetane number | |
| Explanation: cetane number is defined as the ignition quality of diesel fuel oil is expressed by an index. | |
| 304. |
In presence of which gas is the fuel burnt to generate energy in the form of heat? |
| A. | oxygen |
| B. | hydrogen |
| C. | methane |
| D. | nitrogen |
| Answer» A. oxygen | |
| Explanation: the fuel is burnt in the presence of oxygen to generate energy in the form of heat. this heat energy can be used for electrical power generation in steam power plants and for propelling ships, automobiles and locomotives, etc. | |
| 305. |
Which are the main constituents of fuel from given options? |
| A. | carbon and nitrogen |
| B. | oxygen and hydrogen |
| C. | carbon and hydrogen |
| D. | helium and oxygen |
| Answer» C. carbon and hydrogen | |
| Explanation: carbon and hydrogen are the main constituents of a fuel. in addition to them, fuel also contains sulfur, oxygen and nitrogen in minimal quantities. depending on the fuel, the percentage of carbon ranges from 50-95%, hydrogen (h2) 2-6%, oxygen (o2) 2- | |
| 306. |
Which fuel is used widely in steam power plants? |
| A. | oil |
| B. | gas |
| C. | coal |
| D. | petroleum |
| Answer» C. coal | |
| Explanation: coal is the oldest form of fuel and is still used in a large scale throughout the world by steam power plants as well as all power generation plants. coal is a heterogeneous compound and its constituents are always carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen and certain mineral non combustibles. | |
| 307. |
What is the phenomenon of the formation of coal called? |
| A. | metamorphism |
| B. | diagenis’ |
| C. | photosynthesis |
| D. | protolith |
| Answer» A. metamorphism | |
| Explanation: the phenomenon by which the buried vegetation consisting wood, grass, shrubs etc, transformed into coal is known as metamorphism. the nature of coal will depend upon the type of vegetation buried and nature and duration of metamorphism. | |
| 308. |
On what basis is the coal classified? |
| A. | period of formation |
| B. | depending on capacity to burn |
| C. | region/area where is it formed |
| D. | physical and chemical composition |
| Answer» D. physical and chemical composition | |
| Explanation: the coal is classified on the basis of its physical and chemical composition. the proximate and ultimate analyses are the common tests which are used to find the commercial value of the coal. the proximate analysis gives characteristics of coal such as percentage of moisture, ash and volatile matter. analysis of coal gives an indication about fusion temperature and heating value of the coal. | |
| 309. |
What is the use of electrostatic precipitations in steam power plant? |
| A. | to remove the steam |
| B. | to draw the coal powder into boiler |
| C. | to remove the feed water |
| D. | to remove fly ash |
| Answer» D. to remove fly ash | |
| Explanation: the electrostatic precipitators are extensively used in the steam power plant for removal of fly ash from the electric utility boiler emission. since the water inside the boiler is converted into steam, the fire for converting is fuelled by burning the coal which produces high amount of fly ash, so that the ash’ can be reused. the use of electrostatic precipitators is growing rapidly because of the new strict air code and environmental laws. an electrostatic can be designed to operate at any desired efficiency. | |
| 310. |
Why is ‘make-up water’ added to drum continuously? |
| A. | to remove the impurities in tube |
| B. | to replace the water that has been converted into steam |
| C. | to keep the system cool externally |
| D. | to compensate for water loss trough blow down |
| Answer» D. to compensate for water loss trough blow down | |
| Explanation: make-up water is added to compensate for the losses of water incurred by blow downs or leakages occurring in boiler, and also to maintain desired water level in boiler steam drum. blow down and | |
| 311. |
What causes failure of boiler tube? |
| A. | heating the tubes, when desired water level is not maintained |
| B. | induced pressure in the water |
| C. | over use of boiler |
| D. | hardness of water |
| Answer» D. hardness of water | |
| Explanation: hardness of water causes failure of boiler tube. hard water consists of calcium and magnesium salts. hardness in water will form deposits on the tube water surfaces which will lead to overheating and failure of tubes. thus the salts have to be removed from the water. | |
| 312. |
Which of the following is the correct condition for the efficient combustion of coal? |
| A. | coal should be of high calorific value |
| B. | intimate mixing of air with the combustible matter |
| C. | the ignition temperature should be high |
| D. | the volatile matter should be low |
| Answer» B. intimate mixing of air with the combustible matter | |
| Explanation: for efficient combustion, it is essential that the coal and its distillation products are brought into intimate contact with sufficient quantity of air to burn all combustible material. also, sufficient time should be allowed to complete the combustion process. | |
| 313. |
Which of the following furnace is best suitable for the efficient combustion of coal? |
| A. | blast furnace |
| B. | pudding furnace |
| C. | open hearth furnace |
| D. | boiler furnace |
| Answer» D. boiler furnace | |
| Explanation: this type of furnaces are used for efficient combustion of coal since these convert the heat into thermal energy which are then used for generation of power. | |
| 314. |
Which of the following is calculated by flue gas analysis? |
| A. | amount of air used in combustion |
| B. | rate of combustion |
| C. | time required for combustion |
| D. | amount of air present after combustion |
| Answer» A. amount of air used in combustion | |
| Explanation: the only practical way for determining the amount of air used in furnace is to analyse the flue gas for the constituents co2, co an o2. the control of air is by means of dampers. | |
| 315. |
What happens when carbon monoxide is obtained in flue gas analysis? |
| A. | combustion is complete |
| B. | combustion does not take place |
| C. | combustion is incomplete |
| D. | it increases the rate of combustion. |
| Answer» C. combustion is incomplete | |
| Explanation: if the analysis shows the presence of free co, it means that the combustion is incomplete which calls for an intermediate increase in the amount of air used for combustion. also, a diminution in the rate of supply of coal is required. | |
| 316. |
What happens when too much excess air is supplied to the furnace in the process of combustion of coal? |
| A. | there is a gain in heat in the furnace |
| B. | no change occurs in the furnace |
| C. | there is loss in heat in the furnace |
| D. | the excess air escapes out |
| Answer» C. there is loss in heat in the furnace | |
| Explanation: in ordinary furnaces, 50 to 100 | |
| 317. |
If both CO and O2, both are indicated in the appreciable amount in the flue gas analysis, which type of combustion is seen? |
| A. | regular and non-uniform combustion |
| B. | irregular and non-uniform combustion |
| C. | regular and uniform combustion |
| D. | irregular and uniform combustion |
| Answer» B. irregular and non-uniform combustion | |
| Explanation: if both co and o2 are present in an appreciable amount, then the combustion is irregular and non-uniform. | |
| 318. |
Short orsat apparatus gives more precise results than long orsat in the analysis of flue gas. |
| A. | true |
| B. | false |
| Answer» B. false | |
| Explanation: long orsat or precision model orsat is used for analysis of quite complicated mixtures and which gives very accurate | |
| 319. |
At what temperature does the CO is converted to CO2 in orsat apparatus for analysis of flue gas? |
| A. | 280-295 0c |
| B. | 250-265 0c |
| C. | 350-365 0c |
| D. | less than 100 0c |
| Answer» A. 280-295 0c | |
| Explanation: at the temperature range of 280-295 0c, the co is converted into co2. also the hydrogen present is oxidised to water. the diminution in the volume of gas sample indicates the volume of hydrogen. | |
| 320. |
Which of the following apparatus cannot be used for flue gas analysis? |
| A. | ambler’s apparatus |
| B. | hemple’s apparatus |
| C. | able’s apparatus |
| D. | bunte’s apparatus |
| Answer» C. able’s apparatus | |
| Explanation: able’s apparatus is used for calculation of flash point and fire point of an oil. flash point is the minimum temperature of oil, at which the vapours of oil produces flash in a burning match stick when brought close to the vapours of oil. | |
| 321. |
In which of the following process are Neutrons emitted? |
| A. | inverse beta decay |
| B. | nuclear fission |
| C. | spontaneous fission |
| D. | nuclear fusion |
| Answer» B. nuclear fission | |
| Explanation: nuclear fission is the process in which a heavy nucleus is split into two or more lighter nuclei. this result in decrease in mass and consequent exothermic energy and emission of neutrons take place. two to three neutrons are emitted per nucleuses which are known as fission elements. | |
| 322. |
Heavy nuclei must be such that they can be fissioned by neutrons of an energy such substance are called? |
| A. | fission fragments |
| B. | fission neutrons |
| C. | fission species |
| D. | fission elements |
| Answer» C. fission species | |
| Explanation: heavy nuclei must be such that they can be fissioned by neutrons of energy such substance are called fission species. all fission species should have long half lives so that the rate of decay is not so fast. | |
| 323. |
What happens when a neutron is absorbed by a nucleus of an atom of U235? |
| A. | mass number of atom increases |
| B. | one electron is let out |
| C. | u236 isotope is formed |
| D. | nucleus becomes unstable |
| Answer» C. u236 isotope is formed | |
| Explanation: when a neutron is absorbed by a nucleus of an atom u235, a u236 isotope is formed. this isotope is highly unstable which lasts for one millionth of a second and splits into two equal parts releasing energy of 200mev. | |
| 324. |
Who invented nuclear fission? |
| A. | rutherford |
| B. | hans bethe |
| C. | otto hahn |
| D. | marie curie |
| Answer» C. otto hahn | |
| Explanation: nuclear fission of heavy metals was discovered by german otto hahn on december 17, 1938 and was explained theoretically by lise meitner and her nephew otto robert frisch on 1939. frisch named frisch names the process by analogy with biological fission of living cells. | |
| 325. |
Atoms of different chemical elements that have the same number of nucleons are called as? |
| A. | isobars |
| B. | isotones |
| C. | isomers |
| D. | isotopes |
| Answer» A. isobars | |
| Explanation: atoms of different chemical elements that have the same number of nucleons are called as isobars. the term isobar was suggested by alfred walter | |
| 326. |
Most of the energy released in fission process is in process of |
| A. | kinetic energy |
| B. | thermal energy |
| C. | light energy |
| D. | heat energy |
| Answer» A. kinetic energy | |
| Explanation: most of the energy released is in the form of kinetic energy and is absorbed by fission products. the fission products formed are fission fragments, neutrons and electromagnetic or gamma radiation. as the fragments collide, the kinetic energy is converted into heat energy. | |
| 327. |
Combining of two light nuclei of low mass to produce a heavy nucleus is called |
| A. | nuclear fusion |
| B. | nuclear fission |
| C. | spontaneous fission |
| D. | double beta decay |
| Answer» A. nuclear fusion | |
| Explanation: nuclear fusion is the process which involves fusion of two light nuclei of low mass to produce a heavy nucleus which results in decrease of mass and release of enormous amount of energy. all atomic bombs prefer nuclear fission process. | |
| 328. |
What type of Reaction takes place in sun? |
| A. | nuclear fusion |
| B. | nuclear fission |
| C. | spontaneous fission |
| D. | double beta decay |
| Answer» A. nuclear fusion | |
| Explanation: nuclear fusion reaction takes place in sun as well as stars. the process is carried by proton-proton chain. the sun starts with protons, and through a series of steps, turns them into helium. every second 600 | |
| 329. |
How many number of nuclei of hydrogen fuse in a series of reaction involving other particles that continually appear and disappear? |
| A. | 1 |
| B. | 2 |
| C. | 3 |
| D. | 4 |
| Answer» D. 4 | |
| Explanation: four nuclei of hydrogen fuse in a series of reaction involving other particles that continually appear and disappear such as he3, nitrogen, carbon and other nuclei. | |
| 330. |
Why is it necessary to accelerate positively charged nuclei to high kinetic energies to cause fusion? |
| A. | to overcome electrical repulsive forces |
| B. | to result in high amount of energy in short period of time |
| C. | to get the isobars and isotopes |
| D. | to get a sustainable reaction |
| Answer» A. to overcome electrical repulsive forces | |
| Explanation: to cause fusion, it is necessary to accelerate positively charged nuclei to high kinetic energies to overcome electrical repulsive forces. this is done by rising their temperatures to hundreds of millions of degree resulting in plasma. | |
| 331. |
Fusion reactions are called |
| A. | thermonuclear |
| B. | thermoduric |
| C. | thermo uric |
| D. | compound reactions |
| Answer» A. thermonuclear | |
| Explanation: to eradicate repulsive forces temperature of positively charged nuclei is raised to millions of degree resulting in plasma. the plasma should be prevented from contacting the walls of the container confined for a period of time of the order of a second at a minimum density. fusion reactions are called thermonuclear because of the higher temperature requirement to trigger and sustain the reaction. | |
| 332. |
Which of the following element is readily available in the ordinary water? |
| A. | cesium |
| B. | thorium |
| C. | deuterium |
| D. | astatine |
| Answer» C. deuterium | |
| Explanation: deuterium used in fusion reaction is readily available in ordinary water (out of 6500 molecules). deuterium is also known as heavy hydrogen. the nucleus of deuterium is called as deuteron, contains one | |
| 333. |
How is tritium made from sea water? |
| A. | by bombarding lithium |
| B. | by bonding with carbon |
| C. | by bombarding beryllium |
| D. | by reacting with oxygen |
| Answer» A. by bombarding lithium | |
| Explanation: tritium is made by seawater by bombarding with lithium. lithium is a chemical element with atomic number: 3 and mass number: 6.941 u ± 0.002 u. because of its relative nuclear instability, lithium is less common in the solar system. | |
| 334. |
The atomic weight and atomic number of an element are A and Z respectively. What is the number of neutrons in the atom of that |
| A. | 1 |
| B. | 2 |
| C. | 3 |
| D. | 6 |
| Answer» C. 3 | |
| Explanation: thermal nuclear reactors using enriched uranium as fuel contains a maximum of 6 percent fissile material i.e. u-235. | |
| 335. |
moderator is used in a fast breeder reactor. |
| A. | heavy water |
| B. | graphite |
| C. | no |
| D. | beryllium |
| Answer» C. no | |
| Explanation: a fast breeder reactor doesn’t employ any moderator. | |
| 336. |
Nuclides having the same atomic number are termed as? |
| A. | isobars |
| B. | isotones |
| C. | isotopes |
| D. | isomers |
| Answer» D. isomers | |
| Explanation: isomers are nuclides having the same atomic number. | |
| 337. |
Main source of is monazite sand. |
| A. | uranium |
| B. | polonium |
| C. | halfnium |
| D. | thorium |
| Answer» D. thorium | |
| Explanation: thorium is the main source of monazite sand. | |
| 338. |
Emission of β-particles during radioactive decay of a substance is from |
| A. | nucleus |
| B. | innermost shell |
| C. | outermost shell |
| D. | none of the mentioned |
| Answer» A. nucleus | |
| Explanation: emission of β-particles during radioactive decay of a substance is from the nucleus as all emissions are nuclear phenomenon. | |
| 339. |
A fertile material is the one, that can be |
| A. | converted into fissile material on absorption of neutron |
| B. | fissioned by either slow or fast neutrons |
| C. | fissioned by slow (thermal) neutrons |
| D. | fissioned by fast neutrons |
| Answer» A. converted into fissile material on absorption of neutron | |
| Explanation: a fertile material is the one, which can be converted into fissile material on absorption of neutron. | |
| 340. |
The half-life period of a radioactive element depends on its |
| A. | temperature |
| B. | pressure |
| C. | amount |
| D. | none of the mentioned |
| Answer» D. none of the mentioned | |
| Explanation: the half-life is independent of the mentioned factors. | |
| 341. |
Which is radioactive in nature? |
| A. | helium |
| B. | deuterium |
| C. | tritium |
| D. | heavy hydrogen |
| Answer» C. tritium | |
| Explanation: tritium is a radioactive element. | |
| 342. |
Which is the most commonly used nuclear fuel in boiling water reactor? |
| A. | enriched uranium |
| B. | plutonium |
| C. | natural uranium |
| D. | monazite sand |
| Answer» A. enriched uranium | |
| Explanation: enriched uranium is the most commonly used nuclear fuel in boiling water reactor. | |
| 343. |
Fuel for a nuclear reactor (thermal) is |
| A. | uranium |
| B. | plutonium |
| C. | radium |
| D. | none of the mentioned |
| Answer» A. uranium | |
| Explanation: uranium is the fuel for a thermal reactor. | |
| 344. |
The first underground nuclear test was conducted by India at |
| A. | pokhran |
| B. | kalpakkam |
| C. | jaisalmer |
| D. | narora |
| Answer» A. pokhran | |
| Explanation: pokhran had the very first underground nuclear test. | |
| 345. |
The best capable alternative source which can meet the future energy demand is |
| A. | thermal power plant |
| B. | nuclear power plant |
| C. | hydroelectric power plant |
| D. | geothermal power plant |
| Answer» B. nuclear power plant | |
| Explanation: demand of electrical energy is increasing at fast rate owing to booming increase in the population and industrial growth. the reserves of fossil fuel i.e., coal, oil and gas are fast depleting. there are many alternative sources of energy but they are not enough to supply such huge demand, only nuclear power plants are capable of doing that. | |
| 346. |
How much coal is required to generate energy equivalent to the energy generated by 1 kg of uranium? |
| A. | 30000 tonnes of high grade coal |
| B. | 300 tonnes of high grade coal |
| C. | 10000 tonnes of high grade coal |
| D. | 3000 tonnes of high grade coal |
| Answer» D. 3000 tonnes of high grade coal | |
| Explanation: one of the main attention for nuclear fuel is the huge amount of energy that can be released from a small quantity of active nuclear fuel. the energy obtainable by completely using 1 kg of uranium would give energy equivalent 3000 tons of high grade coal i.e. uranium has three millions times the energy of coal. | |
| 347. |
Nuclear fuel in reactor lasts for |
| A. | more than 5 months |
| B. | few weeks |
| C. | few days |
| D. | more than 5 years |
| Answer» D. more than 5 years | |
| Explanation: very small amount of nuclear fuel can produce very high amount of energy. nuclear fuel may remain in a reactor for more than 5 years. | |
| 348. |
Cost of nuclear fuel in nuclear power plant economics is considered as |
| A. | running cost |
| B. | maintenance cost |
| C. | capital cost |
| D. | development cost |
| Answer» C. capital cost | |
| Explanation: nuclear fuel in a nuclear reactor may remain for more than 5 years. so the cost of fuel injected initially is taken as capital cost and may be a few crore rupees. | |
| 349. |
Which of the following are not taken as operation and maintenance cost in economics of nuclear power plant? |
| A. | taxes and insurance |
| B. | salaries and wages of staff |
| C. | cost of waste disposal |
| D. | cost of processing materials |
| Answer» A. taxes and insurance | |
| Explanation: taxes and insurance are taken as fixed costs. salaries and wages of operation and maintenance staff, cost of waste disposal and cost of processing materials are the operation and maintenance cost. | |
| 350. |
What is the overall efficiency of nuclear power plant? |
| A. | 20 to 25% |
| B. | 25 to 30% |
| C. | 30 to 40 % |
| D. | 50 to 70 % |
| Answer» C. 30 to 40 % | |
| Explanation: the overall efficiency of a nuclear power plant is around 30 to 40%. efficiency is higher at high road factors. therefore, a nuclear power plant is always operated as a base load plant. | |
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